Identification of galegine, an isoprenyl guanidine, as the toxic principle of Schoenus asperocarpus (poison sedge)     

CR HUXTABLE  PR DORLING  SM COLEGATE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):169-171

SUMMARY An Isoprenyl guanldine, galegine, was isolated from the Western Australian sedge Schoenus asperocarpus (Cyperaceae). Synthetic galegine was shown to reproduce the clinical and pathological features of poisoning by this plant. Preliminary results suggest that the massive thoracic effusion observed in sedge poisoning is the result of a direct effect on pulmonary vascular permeability.  相似文献   

Residues from long-acting antimicrobial preparations in injection sites in cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H MAWHINNEY  SM OAKENFULL  TJ NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(2):140-142

Objective To investigate tissue residues of two longacting oxytetracycline (OTC) preparations in cattle.
Design A randomised drug residue trial.  

Animals

Two hundred and forty beef cattle in 24 groups of ten.
Procedure Two blind-coded 200 mg/mL OTC preparations were used in five treatment regimens of various combinations of injection sites (from one to five) and administrations (one or two). Five cattle from each group were slaughtered at 21, 30 and 60 days after injection and the injection site, urine, kidney and diaphragm muscle analysed for residues.
Results The OTC concentration exceeded the maximum residue limit in kidney in animals slaughtered 21 days after treatment, which is the prescribed withholding period. Concentration at the injection site was much greater than the maximum residue limit 30 days post-treatment, but not 45 days post-treatment. The residue was smaller when OTC had been injected in multiple sites. There was no difference between the two OTC preparations.
Conclusion A review of the maximum injection volume, site of injection and the withholding period is needed for long-acting OTC formulations.  相似文献   

Endocrine Disruptors and Other Food-contaminating Environmental Pollutants as Risk Factors in Animal Reproduction     

SM Rhind 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):15-22

Pollutants of many chemical classes, derived primarily from anthropogenic activities, are ubiquitous in the environment, persistent, biologically available and can exert adverse effects on the reproductive and other, indirectly related, physiological systems. Food is generally considered to be the major route of animal exposure in vertebrate species but the relative contributions of other routes of exposure such as through lungs, gills or skin are not well studied and may be of importance for certain animal groups, depending on their immediate environment. Animals are particularly sensitive to exposure during developmental stages but the pattern of exposure to chemicals is likely to be different to that of adults. Quantification of the risk posed by the ingestion of pollutants in food is complex and depends on many factors including species, diet composition, duration of exposure to the food, efficiency of pollutant absorption, subsequent metabolism, sensitivity of target organs and stage of development. While the effects of high doses of single chemicals are proven, dietary exposure to pollutants generally involves prolonged, low-level exposure to a large number of compounds, each of which has different chemical characteristics, exerts different biological effects and is present at varying concentrations. Thus, while exposure to pollutants through feed is undoubtedly a significant risk factor for many species and may be the most important one for many terrestrial vertebrates, other routes of exposure may be more important in other groups.  相似文献   

Silages in the form of diet based on spineless cactus and buffelgrass     

Alberto Jefferson da Silva Macêdo  Edson Mauro Santos  Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo  Ricardo Loiola Edvan  Juliana Silva de Oliveira  Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2018,35(2):121-129

This study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation pattern and the in situ dry matter degradability of silages in the form of diet. Five diets were formulated based on spineless cactus (Opuntia fícus-indica cv. ‘Gigante’) and buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). The experimental design was completely randomised, with five treatments and three replicates in which the diets differed in the proportion of buffelgrass (0%, 15%, 25%, 30% and 35%, on a fresh matter basis). There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the chemical composition of the diets, with all dry matter contents being within the ideal range. Ammonia-nitrogen content was not affected (p > 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in dry matter recovery across diets, which ranged from 96.28% to 99.93%. The pH values decreased as the time of opening (days) was extended. Organic acid contents differed across all diets; however, overall, all diets showed satisfactory lactic acid contents. As the proportion of buffelgrass in the diets was increased, the degradability of dry matter decreased. Based on fermentation profile, losses and chemical composition the diet with higher proportion of spineless cactus can be recommended for silage production.  相似文献   

Development of a Standardized Modular System for Experimental Coral Culture          下载免费PDF全文

Rui J. M. Rocha  Bogdan Bontas  Paulo Cartaxana  Miguel C. Leal  José M. Ferreira  Rui Rosa  João Serôdio  Ricardo Calado 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(3):235-251

The increasing interest in coral culture for reef restoration, biotechnological applications, and to supply the marine aquarium trade has prompted researchers to optimize coral culture protocols, with emphasis on ex situ production. However, the diversity of experimental systems employed to investigate ex situ coral production may be a bottleneck to the advance of the state of the art, as it impairs reliable comparisons between experiments, as well as the replication and optimization of culture protocols. This study presents a versatile modular culture system for experimental coral production ex situ, assembled using materials and equipments available from suppliers all over the world and thus allowing researchers worldwide to truly replicate experimental setups. The validation of the modular culture system was performed using the soft coral, Sarcophyton cf. glaucum, as a model organism. The validation experiment tested the effect of different light spectra on the photosynthetic performance, symbiont density, chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments concentration, survival, and growth of coral fragments. The validation experiment confirmed the potential of this modular culture system, which ultimately enables researchers to perform direct comparisons among experiments, and more efficiently contribute to advance ex situ coral aquaculture.  相似文献   

Relation of Toxicity in Corn Seeds Treated with Zinc and Salicylic Acid     

Adão Felipe dos Santos  Otoniel Magalhães Morais  Renato de Mello Prado  Aguinaldo José Freitas Leal  Rouverson Pereira da Silva 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(10):1123-1131

The beneficial effect of corn seed treatment with zinc (Zn) is directly related to the source used. The excess of this micronutrient causes seedling stress and reduces growth. Thus, assuming that the use of exogenous phytohormones can minimize such effects, we evaluated different doses and sources of Zn for the treatment of maize seeds with or without salicylic acid. The experiment took place in the laboratory, and two factorial experiments, 2 × 4 + 1, were performed in a randomized design. The seeds were treated with either ZnO or ZnSO₄ at doses of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 g.kg^?1 seed with four replications, differing only by the addition of 4.14 mg L^?1 salicylic acid. Treating seeds with Zn and salicylic acid did not affect germination. ZnO led to a greater increase in dry mass in corn seedlings as compared with zinc sulfate, especially at higher doses (2 and 3 g kg^?1 seed). Seed treatment with sulfate reduces root and shoot length, and salicylic acid did not attenuate this toxic effect. Dry mass is not affected when oxide is used. Salicylic acid reduces the accumulation of zinc in the treatment of corn seeds, regardless of the source used.  相似文献   

Dietary Oil Sources on the Innate Immunity and Resistance of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,to Streptococcus agalactiae Challenge          下载免费PDF全文

Milena W. Ferreira  Diego V. da Costa  Carlos A. G. Leal  Henrique C. P. Figueiredo  Priscila V. Rosa 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(3):252-262

The effect of different dietary oil sources on the innate immunity and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to Streptococcus agalactiae infection were evaluated. Fish were fed with diets containing different lipid sources (soybean oil [SO], corn oil, linseed oil [LO], fish oil [FO], and olive oil [OO]). Fish fed SO presented the highest (P < 0.05) hematocrit and serum protein. LO and FO diets increased (P < 0.05) the erythrocyte resistance to osmotic lysis in comparison with other treatments. Fish fed OO showed the highest (P < 0.05) iron‐binding capacity and the lowest serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities (P < 0.05). No difference (P > 0.05) was found between diets in alternative complement activity. Fish fed the SO diet had the highest (P < 0.05) survival rate against S. agalactiae challenge. In conclusion, diets with LO oil and FO, rich in ω‐3 fatty acids, and OO, rich in ω‐9 fatty acids, have an immunomodulatory effect in Nile tilapia juveniles. The use of SO in the Nile tilapia diet improved immune function and resistance against S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

Rice Drying,Storage and Processing: Effects of Post-Harvest Operations on Grain Quality     

Amanda Mü  ller  Marcela Trojahn Nunes  Vanessa Maldaner  Paulo Carteri Coradi  Rosana Santos de Moraes  Samuel Martens  ressa Fernandes Leal  Vladison Fogliato Pereira  Cristielle K  nig Marin 《水稻科学》2022,29(1):16-30

Various post-harvest processes of rice are commonly employed, especially during the off-season, to ensure its consumption feasibility, which often affect the grain quality. Different forms of drying, storage and processing of rice are evaluated to identify their effects on grain quality. Microwave drying has emerged as an alternative to the widely-used intermittent-drying and fixed-bed-dryer methods of drying paddy rice. Control of drying-air temperatures (between 40 °C and 60 °C) according to the rice variety can improve quality, especially for exotic varieties. Keeping stored grain in hygroscopic balance, with water content between 11% to 15%, at temperatures between 16 °C and 20 °C and with intergranular relative humidity near 60%, allows 12 months of storage in a controlled environment without significant deterioration. Other innovations, notably the application of artificial refrigeration to grain stored in bulk in vertical cylindrical silos and the use of impermeable packaging for storage, ensure the conservation of grain mass. The different stages and equipments used to obtain polished, brown and parboiled rice result in significant changes in the nutritional value of rice because of the removal of the outermost layers of the grains. Polishing reduces the nutritional value and physical homogeneity of rice. Brown rice retains more bioactive compounds and nutrients because it does not lose the outer layer of the grains in the polishing processes. Parboiled rice, although less nutritious than brown rice, has better grain integrity and milling yield and less loss of nutrients than white rice.  相似文献   

Evaluation of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) and 1,2-diglyceride lipase assays in dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism     

Guido Linari  Francesco Dondi  Sofia Segatore  Kateryna Vasylyeva  Nikolina Linta  Marco Pietra  Rodolfo O. Leal  Federico Fracassi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):817

1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity has been proposed as a faster and less expensive test used in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) compared to canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI), which is considered the most sensitive and specific serum test available for dogs. Elevations in lipase activity have been observed in dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism (HC) and in those treated with exogenous steroids, which complicates the diagnosis of AP in dogs with HC. We compared lipase activity measured by DGGR and 1,2-diglyceride (1,2-DiG) assays in 22 dogs with HC, 22 with AP, and 22 healthy dogs. The dogs with HC had no clinical signs or ultrasonographic findings consistent with AP. DGGR lipase activity was elevated in 64% and 73% of the dogs with HC and AP, respectively, and in 18% of healthy dogs. 1,2-DiG lipase activity was high in 23% and 36% of the dogs with HC and AP, respectively, and in 5% of the healthy dogs. Both DGGR and 1,2-DiG lipase activities were significantly different between the healthy dogs and the other 2 groups, whereas no differences were detected between the dogs with HC and those with AP. Our results support a lack of specificity for both DGGR and 1,2-DiG lipase activity assays in aiding the diagnosis of AP in dogs with HC.  相似文献   

Selection of new sweet potato genotypes based on production parameters,physical root characteristics and resistance to Euscepes postfasciatus     

Leal  Murilo Henrique Souza  Zeist  André Ricardo  Rodrigues Júnior  Nilson  Silva Júnior  André Dutra  Arantes  José Henrique Verhalem  Garcia Neto  Jair  de Pieri  Julia Roberta Sanches  Perrud  Amanda Carvalho 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(3):349-360

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a root that allows healthy eating and combats malnutrition. There is a need for more productive sweet potato...  相似文献