Agricultural soils: A sink or source of methane across the British Isles?     

Nicholas Cowan  Juliette Maire  Dominika Krol  Joanna M. Cloy  Paul Hargreaves  Rachael Murphy  Alison Carswell  Stephanie K. Jones  Nicola Hinton  Margaret Anderson  Daniela Famulari  Madeleine J. Bell  Philip Stack  Peter Levy  Ute Skiba  Julia Drewer 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(4):1842-1862

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Replacing saline–sodic irrigation water with treated wastewater: effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity,slaking, and swelling     

A. K. Bhardwaj  U. K. Mandal  A. Bar-Tal  A. Gilboa  G. J. Levy 《Irrigation Science》2008,26(2):139-146

Irrigation with saline–sodic water imposes sodic conditions on the soil and reduces the soil’s productivity. We hypothesized that replacing saline–sodic irrigation water with lesser saline–sodic treated waste water (TWW), albeit with higher loads of organic matter and suspended solids, might help sodic soils regain their structure and hydraulic conductivity. We studied hydraulic conductivity (HC), aggregate stability and clay swelling of a soil from the Bet She’an Valley, Israel using samples taken from a non-cultivated field (control), and plots irrigated with TWW, saline–sodic Jordan River (JR) water, and moderately saline–sodic spring (SP) water. Soil samples were taken at the end of the irrigation season (autumn 2005) and at the end of the subsequent rainy season (spring 2006). In the HC and the aggregate stability determinations, for both sampling seasons, the TWW-irrigated samples gave significantly higher values than the SP- and JR-irrigated samples, but lower than the samples from the control plot. The autumn samples exhibited, generally, higher HC and lower swelling levels compared with the spring samples. Conversely, aggregate stability of the spring samples was higher than that of the autumn samples. These seasonal changes in the results of the three tests were associated with seasonal changes in the salinity and sodicity of the soils. Contributions from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel. No. 601/2007 series.  相似文献   

Development of a Scale for Evaluation of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Resistance Level in Tomato Plants     

Lapidot M  Ben-Joseph R  Cohen L  Machbash Z  Levy D 《Phytopathology》2006,96(12):1404-1408

ABSTRACT We have developed a scale of differential hosts that enables the determination and comparison of level of resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) expressed by resistant tomato lines or by individual plants in a segregating population. The scale is composed of seven different homozygous tomato genotypes that exhibit different levels of TYLCV resistance, ranging from fully susceptible to highly resistant. The differential hosts composing the scale were inoculated with TYLCV under greenhouse conditions. Four weeks after inoculation the plants were evaluated for disease symptom severity, and virus DNA titer was determined. The different genotypes were arranged in the scale according to symptom severity score. The different genotypes were then tested under different environmental conditions, inoculated at different ages, and tested in a field experiment assaying TYLCV-induced yield reduction. While the symptom severity score of each individual resistant genotype changed under different environmental conditions, the relative position on the scale did not alter, except for one genotype. Thus, to evaluate disease resistance of a given tomato genotype, the genotype in question should be inoculated alongside the differential hosts composing the scale, and within 4 weeks one can determine the relative level of resistance of the tested genotype.  相似文献   

Characteristics of free-roaming cats and their caretakers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Centonze LA  Levy JK 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(11):1627-1633

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of unowned, free-roaming cats and their caretakers who participated in a trap-neuter-return (TNR) program and to determine the effect of the program on free-roaming cat colonies. DESIGN: Prospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 101 caretakers of 920 unowned, free-roaming cats in 132 colonies in north central Florida. RESULTS: Most (85/101; 84%) caretakers were female. The median age was 45 years (range, 19 to 74 years). Most (89/101; 88%) caretakers owned pets and of those, most (67/101; 66%) owned cats. The major reasons for feeding free-roaming cats were sympathy and love of animals. Most caretakers reported that the cats they cared for were too wild to be adopted, but many also reported that they considered the cats to be like pets. The total surveyed cat population was 920 before participation in TNR and 678 after TNR. Mean colony size was 7 cats before TNR and 5.1 cats after TNR. Most cats lived on the caretaker's property. At the time of the survey, 70% (644/920) of the cats had been neutered. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The decrease in the surveyed free-roaming cat population was attributed to a reduction in births of new kittens, adoptions, deaths, and disappearances. Recognition of the human-animal bond that exists between caretakers and the feral cats they feed may facilitate the development of effective control programs for feral cat populations.  相似文献   

The effect of water deficiency in corn plants on the development of three corn diseases     

Y. Levy  K. Tal 《Phytoparasitica》1985,13(2):141-144

The relationships between the development of disease symptoms ofPuccinia sorghi, Exserohilum turcicum andHelminthosporium maydis on susceptible sweet corn plants, and the water status of the plants, were studied. At a relative water content (RWC) of 75% the development of sori ofP. sorghi, and the leaf area infected byE. turcicum andH. maydis, were inhibited by 38, 75 and 84%, respectively, as compared with the control plants (RWC = 100%).P. sorghi andH. maydis were not inhibited by a slight decrease in the RWC (96%), but development of leaf area infected byE. turcicum was inhibited by 33%.P. sorghi seemed to be better adapted to relatively high water deficiency in the host plants thanH. maydis orE. turcicum.  相似文献   

Propagation of potato by direct transfer of in vitro proliferated shoot cuttings into the field     

D. Levy 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,26(2):105-109

A procedure is described for rapid propagation of potato in the field through the use of shoot cuttings proliferated in agar culture in vitro. The cultivars ‘Idit’ and ‘Orit’ produced 7–40 tubers per plant, 10–50 mm in diameter, after 71–96 days in the field. This procedure could enhance the rapid multiplication of seed tubers, especially of newly bred cultivars and of disease-free material.  相似文献   

Suppurative otitis in cattle associated with ear mites (Raillietia auris)     

TF JUBB  RL VASSALLO  RH WROTH 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(9):354-355

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Reference blood chemical values in ostriches (Struthio camelus)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A Levy  B Perelman  T Waner  M van Grevenbroek  C van Creveld  R Yagil 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(9):1548-1550

Reference blood chemical values were determined for 65 male and 61 female ostriches (Struthio camelus) 1 month to 72 months of age. Plasma values of glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, osmolality, electrolytes, and enzyme activity were determined. In general, differences in various values appeared mainly among age groups and less so between sexes. Older ostriches had lower plasma glucose values and enzyme activity than did younger ostriches. High plasma sodium and chloride concentrations in young ostriches correlated with high plasma osmolalities. Plasma calcium values were lower in laying ostriches. Uric acid concentrations were markedly higher than were urea concentrations in all ostriches.  相似文献   

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody to the parasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum in Oreochromis aureus.     

S A Smith  M G Levy  E J Noga 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,42(1-2):145-155

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibody to affinity-purified Oreochromis aureus immunoglobulin and antigens from the parasitic dinoflagellate amyloodinium ocellatum was developed. The ELISA was then used to evaluate the immune response of the tilapine fish to immunization with the parasite. Fish immunized with antigens of the dinospore stage, either live or sonicated, produced a specific immune response that was detectable by this ELISA. Combinations of serial dilutions of A. ocellatum antigen and fish anti-A. ocellatum serum were examined to determine which dilutions provided optimal differentiation of seropositive from seronegative fish. Fresh and heat-inactivated serum from both seropositive and seronegative fish produced similar results.  相似文献   

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs     

AR MERCY  RL PEET †  TM ELLIS †  J. PARKINSON † 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(11):355-355

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