Retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of isolating bacteria from synovial fluid in dogs with suspected septic arthritis          下载免费PDF全文

VF Scharf  ST Lewis  JF Wellehan  HL Wamsley  R Richardson  DA Sundstrom  DD Lewis 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(6):200-203

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Mass separation of reticuloendothelial and parenchymal cells of rat's liver     

ST. GEORGE S  FRIEDMAN M  BYERS SO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1954,120(3116):463-465

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A survey of beef cattle farmers in New Zealand,examining management practices of primiparous breeding heifers     

RE Hickson  WJ Anderson  PR Kenyon  N Lopez-Villalobos  ST Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):176-183

AIM: To obtain an estimate of the incidence of assistance at calving in primiparous (first-calving) beef heifers and the prevalence of breeding heifers at 15 months of age in New Zealand in 2006,and to identify factors contributing to farmers' decisions regarding breeding strategies for heifers, using a survey of beef cattle farmers.

METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to farmers listed in a Massey University database and to members of selected breed societies, as well as published in an industry newspaper; 331 valid responses were received. Information was gathered on the age and number of primiparous heifers, number of heifers assisted, and the importance of various reasons for and against breeding heifers at 15 months of age. Respondents were also required to outline the criteria used for selecting bulls to join with heifers, and the strategies used to manage dystocia in primiparous heifers.

RESULTS: Sixty-five (95% CI=58–71)% of respondents had only 2-year-old primiparous heifers in 2006, whilst a further 11 (95% CI=8–16)% had both 2- and 3-year-old primiparous heifers. The mean reported incidence of assisted calving was 7.0 (95% CI=6.4–7.5)% for 2-year-old primiparous heifers and 1.7 (95% CI=1.2–2.2)% for 3-year-old primiparous heifers. The reported incidence of assistance at calving within individual herdsranged from 0 to 100% for 2-year-old heifers. Respondents with bull-breeding herds most commonly observed their primiparous 2-year-old heifers twice daily, whilst respondents with commercial herds most commonly observed them once daily during calving. The most important reason for breeding heifers at 15 months of age was “increased profit”, whereas the most important reason for not breeding them at that age was “concern about rebreeding performance of 2-year-old heifers”. Estimated breeding value (EBV) for birth weight was the factor considered most frequently when selecting bulls to join with maiden heifers; age of bull and body shape of bull were the next most frequently considered factors. Selection of an appropriate bull was the most common strategy used to manage dystocia in 2-year-old beef heifers.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of respondents calved their heifers at 2 years of age, and “increased profit” was the primary motivator. Concern about the rebreeding performance of 2-year-old heifers was the most important reason among the remainder of respondents for not breeding heifers at 15 months of age. Dystocia in 2-year-old heifers was “not a problem” or “a minorproblem” in most herds, but there was much variation amongst herds.  相似文献   

The effect of individual liveweight and use of teaser rams prior to mating on the reproductive performance of ewe hoggets     

PR Kenyon  PCH Morel  ST Morris  DM West 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):340-343

AIM: To determine the effects of liveweight (LW) and use of teaser rams prior to mating on both the mating performance and pregnancy rate of ewe hoggets.

METHODS: Romney hoggets (n=841) were weighed and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups; either exposed to seven harnessed, vasectomised (teaser) rams for 17 days prior to the breeding period (n=283); or not exposed to teaser rams (unteased, n=558). Harnessed Perendale rams were then introduced for two oestrous cycles. Using crayon marks, hoggets were identified as having been mated during the first 17 days only, during the second 17 days only, during both periods, or not mated. All mated hoggets were then scanned for pregnancy using ultrasound, 48 days after the end of the breeding period, and identified as being either non-pregnant, or as single-, twinor triplet-bearing.

RESULTS: Hoggets mated in either the first 17 days only or in both the first and second 17-day periods were heavier than those mated in the second period only (p<0.001). Those mated in the first or second 17-day period only, and those mated in both periods were all heavier prior to mating than those not mated at all (p<0.001). Twin-bearing hoggets were heavier than both their single-bearing and non-pregnant counterparts (p<0.001). A greater proportion of the teased hoggets were mated in the first 17 days only compared with unteased hoggets (62.6 vs 32.1%; p<0.001). In contrast, more of the unteased hoggets were marked in the second 17-day period only (p<0.001). A greater proportion of mated, unteased hoggets were found to be non-pregnant in comparison to their teased counterparts (17.8 vs 11.2%; p=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: Heavier hoggets at breeding were more likely to be mated in the first 17 days of the breeding period and more likely to be twin-bearing. Use of teaser rams for 17 days prior to the breeding period increased the proportion of hoggets mated in the first 17 days, increased conception rates, and thus increased the proportion of pregnant hoggets. These results indicate that farmers should utilise teasers for 17 days prior to commencement of the breeding period and avoid mating hoggets that weigh below 36 kg.  相似文献   

The effect of the maturity and prior breeding activity of rams and body condition score of ewe hoggets on the reproductive performance of ewe hoggets     

PR Kenyon  SL Smith  PCH Morel  ST Morris  DM West 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):290-294

Abstract

AIM: To determine the effect of age and prior use of mature rams at a given ram-to-ewe ratio, and the effect of body condition on breeding performance and pregnancy rate of ewe hoggets.

METHODS: Ewe hoggets (n=733) aged 7–8 months were weighed and their body condition scored, then randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (Day 0) and joined with either four two-tooth rams (20 months of age) not used previously (n=244; Two-tooth), four mixed-aged mature rams that had not been used earlier in the season (n=244; Mature-fresh), or four mixed-aged mature rams that had been used with mature ewes immediately prior to joining with hoggets (n=245; Mature-used). The breeding period was 34 days. Ewe hoggets were identified as having been marked during the first 17 days only, during both 17-day periods, during the second 17 days only, or not marked. Hoggets were re-weighed on Day 34, and pregnancy status determined using ultrasound on Day 92. The breeding soundness of the rams was assessed on Days ?34 and ?1.

RESULTS: Semen samples obtained from the rams did not differ significantly in any of the parameters measured (p>0.05). Ewe hoggets joined with Mature-fresh rams were less likely (p<0.05) to be marked in the second 17 days of breeding only than those joined with either Two-tooth or Mature-used rams. No other breeding parameters were affected by breeding group (p>0.05). Hoggets marked in the first 17 days only were heavier (p<0.05) at Day 0 than those marked in the second 17 days only or not marked. Hoggets diagnosed as twin-bearing were heavier (p<0.05) than non-pregnant or single-bearing hoggets. Those hoggets marked in the first 17 days only had a greater (p<0.05) body condition score (BCS) than those marked in the second 17 days only or not marked at all. These differences were no longer apparent after correction for liveweight (LW).Correction for LW at Day 0 or change in LW during the breeding period did not affect the results for breeding performance.

CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, two-tooth rams and mature rams that had been used previously were just as suitable as mature rams that had not been used previously for breeding with ewe hoggets. Further studies are warranted to verify this result. The re-use of rams without reducing breeding performance would reduce breeding costs and may make breeding hoggets a more viable option for farmers. The BCS of ewe hoggets affected breeding performance, and can thus be used to identify those animals most suitable for breeding.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

ML Goulden  SC Wofsy  JW Harden  SE Trumbore  PM Crill  ST Gower  T Fries  BC Daube  S Fan  DJ Sutton  A Bazzaz  JW Munger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5348):214-217

We used eddy covariance; gas-exchange chambers; radiocarbon analysis; wood, moss, and soil inventories; and laboratory incubations to measure the carbon balance of a 120-year-old black spruce forest in Manitoba, Canada. The site lost 0.3 +/- 0.5 metric ton of carbon per hectare per year (ton C ha-1 year-1) from 1994 to 1997, with a gain of 0.6 +/- 0.2 ton C ha-1 year-1 in moss and wood offset by a loss of 0.8 +/- 0.5 ton C ha-1 year-1 from the soil. The soil remained frozen most of the year, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil increased 10-fold upon thawing. The stability of the soil carbon pool ( approximately 150 tons C ha-1) appears sensitive to the depth and duration of thaw, and climatic changes that promote thaw are likely to cause a net efflux of carbon dioxide from the site.  相似文献   

Effect of antidotal N-acetylcysteine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in dogs     

V. E. V. ST. OMER  F. K. MOHAMMAD 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1984,7(4):277-281

The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen (AP) in adult female beagles were studied. Each of eight dogs received a single i.v. injection of 150 mg/kg of AP as a 5% solution in a vehicle of 40% aqueous propylene glycol at 0 h. Each of four AP-treated dogs (Group I) received an oral dose of 140 mg/kg NAC as a 20% aqueous solution at 0 h, and 70 mg/kg at 30 min and 1 h post-AP administration. Four dogs (Group II) served as controls and received isotonic saline orally. Mild signs of AP toxicosis seen in both groups within 2-3 h of AP administration including depression, weakness, recumbency and methaemoglobinaemia. Relative to Group II, treatment with NAC (Group I) enhanced the elimination of AP from the body as indicated by the decreased plasma half-life (t1/2 = 1.06 h for Group I v. 1.78 h for Group II) and a higher elimination rate constant (beta = 0.67/h for Group I v. 0.40/h for Group II). Changes in the area under plasma concentration curve data (AUC = 0.39 mg.h/ml for Group I v. 0.65 mg.h/ml for Group II) were associated with a 61% increase in total body clearance of AP in Group I. The apparent volume of drug distribution Vdarea was not affected.  相似文献   

THE ISOLATION OF D'AGUILAR VIRUS FROM A COW     

T. D. ST  GEORGE M.V.Sc. CORINNE K. DIMMOCK B.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1976,52(12):598-598

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THE TRANSMISSION OF THE CSIRO 19 STRAIN OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS TYPE 20 TO SHEEP AND CATTLE     

T. D. ST GEORGE  C. I. McCaughan 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(4):198-199

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THE ISOLATION OF A BLUETONGUE VIRUS FROM CULICOIDES COLLECTED IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA     

T. D. ST. GEORGE  H. A. STANDFAST  D. H. CYBINSKI  A. L. DYCE  M. J. MULLER  R. L. DOHERTY  J. G. CARLEY  CHRISTINA L. FRAZIER 《Australian veterinary journal》1978,54(3):153-154

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