Efficacy of oclacitinib (Apoquel®) compared with prednisolone for the control of pruritus and clinical signs associated with allergic dermatitis in client‐owned dogs in Australia     

Caroline Gadeyne  Peter Little  Vickie L. King  Nigel Edwards  Kylie Davis  Michael R. Stegemann 《Veterinary dermatology》2014,25(6):512-e86

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The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans     

Abi-Rached L  Jobin MJ  Kulkarni S  McWhinnie A  Dalva K  Gragert L  Babrzadeh F  Gharizadeh B  Luo M  Plummer FA  Kimani J  Carrington M  Middleton D  Rajalingam R  Beksac M  Marsh SG  Maiers M  Guethlein LA  Tavoularis S  Little AM  Green RE  Norman PJ  Parham P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6052):89-94

Whole genome comparisons identified introgression from archaic to modern humans. Our analysis of highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, vital immune system components subject to strong balancing selection, shows how modern humans acquired the HLA-B*73 allele in west Asia through admixture with archaic humans called Denisovans, a likely sister group to the Neandertals. Virtual genotyping of Denisovan and Neandertal genomes identified archaic HLA haplotypes carrying functionally distinctive alleles that have introgressed into modern Eurasian and Oceanian populations. These alleles, of which several encode unique or strong ligands for natural killer cell receptors, now represent more than half the HLA alleles of modern Eurasians and also appear to have been later introduced into Africans. Thus, adaptive introgression of archaic alleles has significantly shaped modern human immune systems.  相似文献   

Training at Bar Harbor     

Little CC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1953,117(3028):3

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STUDENT APPARATUS FOR ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY GASES     

Little JM  Wells HS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,90(2340):425-426

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Recalcitrant soil organic materials mineralize more efficiently at higher temperatures     

Roland Bol  Thomas Bolger  Raymond Cully  Declan Little 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(3):300-307

As concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ increase, it is important to know whether this may result in feedbacks that could modify the rate of increase of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Soil organic matter (SOM) represents one of the largest pools of C and mineralization rates are known to be temperature dependent. In this study, we investigated whether different OM fractions present in a forest soil (F/A1 horizon) would respond in a similar manner to elevated temperatures. We examined the trends in isotopic content (¹²C, ¹³C, and ¹⁴C) of soil respired CO₂ at various temperatures (10, 20, and 35 ⁰C) over a two year period in the laboratory. We also examined the total C, total N, and C : N ratio in the remaining soil and isolated humic fractions, and the distribution of the individual amino acids in the soil after 5 years of laboratory incubation at the various temperatures. We found that the rate at which C mineralization increases with temperature was occasionally greater than predicted by most models, more C from recalcitrant OM pools being mineralized at the higher temperature. This confirmed that the relationship between soil organic matter decomposition and temperature was complex and that the different pools of organic matter did respond in differing ways to elevated temperatures.  相似文献   

Proline utilization during cellulose fermentation by rumen microorganisms     

H E Amos  C O Little  G E Mitchell 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1971,19(1):112-115

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Do wildlife passages act as prey-traps?     

Stuart J. Little  Robert G. HarcourtAnthony P. Clevenger 《Biological conservation》2002,107(2):135-145

A number of studies have proposed that wildlife passages beneath roads and railway lines might be exploited by mammalian predators as ‘prey-traps’ with prey-species being effectively funnelled into areas of high concentration. This proposition has raised the possibility that use of passages by predators may reduce the effectiveness of passages in conserving other forms of wildlife. We review the literature and conclude that evidence for the existence of prey-traps is scant, largely anecdotal and tends to indicate infrequent opportunism rather than the establishment of patterns of recurring predation. Most passage studies record no evidence of predation in or around passages. Conversely, there is some evidence that predator species use different passages than their prey.  相似文献   

Comparison of immediate versus delayed streak plate inoculation on urine bacterial culture and susceptibility testing in dogs and cats     

Emily L. Coffey  Kim Little  Davis M. Seelig  Aaron K. Rendahl  Jennifer L. Granick 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(2):783-789

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Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seed production in irrigated rice-fields in Northwest Bangladesh—an approach appropriate for poorer farmers?     

Benoy K. Barman  David C. Little 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):72-79

Participatory research was conducted with poorer farmers in two communities, Girai (G) and Bahagili (B) in NW Bangladesh to assess the production of Nile tilapia seed in irrigated spring rice-fields. All the selected households (G = 15; B = 4) had previous experience producing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the rice-fields allocated a separate plot in which a deeper area had been excavated for this trial. Mature GIFT strain Nile tilapia (12 female and 6 male; 121 ± 34 g and 158 ± 54 g size, respectively) were supplied to each household irrespective of the size of their trial plot (mean < 0.15 ha). The trial started in the spring rice season (boro) in February and ended at the end of main season (amon) in December 1999. Management practices, production and sales of fish were monitored weekly.The majority of farmers succeeded in producing fingerlings in their plots; 11% failed totally but around 70% produced more than 2000 fingerlings from a single plot. Production during boro and fallow period was much higher (> 90% total) than during the subsequent amon crop (< 10% total). Total production was highly variable among households but not different between the two study areas (G = 4092 ± 3277; B = 3730 ± 4232 fingerlings household^− 1). Daily production of fingerlings per unit area was relatively low (< 1 fish m^− 2 day^− 1) but efficiency of production was high, averaging 17.3 fingerlings. kg^− 1 female day^− 1. Mean individual harvest weight was 21 g.Most fingerlings were sold (43%) and/or stocked for further culture in their own grow-out system (39%), but some were used directly for household consumption (17%).  相似文献   

Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus article �� A reply     

Susan Little  Dorothee Bienzle  Lisa Carioto  Hugh Chisholm  Elizabeth O��Brien  Margie Scherk 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(11):1161

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