Book reviews     

Lloyd  R.  Benarie  Michel  Kallend  Anthony S.  Kinsman  John D.  Hungspreugs  Manuwadi  Lusis  M.  Kohn  Robert E. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,43(3-4):425-425

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution -  相似文献   

Follow-up of mercury levels in fish,human hair and urine in the Madeira and Tapajós basins,Amazon, Brazil     

Malm  O  Guimarães  JRD  Castro  MB  Bastos  WR  Viana  JP  Branches  FJP  Silveira  EG  Pfeiffer  WC 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,97(1-2):45-51

Informal economy of gold mining has contaminated some important river basins in Amazon. Follow-up studies on critical compartments showed some areas with high Hg levels in fish as well as in human hair samples. Average Hg in piscivorous fish in the Madeira river itself was 846 ppb (N=284) with a maximum of 3921 ppb. Mercury in fish from non polluted areas in this basin shows high variability, even for single species. A seasonal variation in Hg content was observed, with higher values at the end of the dry season. In the upper Tapajós basin comparable values were found for fish but with a definite decreasing trend downstream. Average value for piscivorous fish in the whole Tapajós basin is 482 ppb (N=122) with a maximum value of 3770 ppb. Hair Hg was higher in fishing villages in the Tapajós (average: 17 ppm; with N=432 and maximum value of 176 ppm) than in the Madeira (average: 9 ppm; N=169; maximum 71 ppm), and data from some areas of the Tapajós suggest a decrease with time. Mercury was much higher in urine of goldshop workers in Santarém (low Tapajós) than in Alta Floresta (high Tapajbs) and show a decreasing trend in both cases, probably related to the significant decline in gold mining activities during the study period (1986–1994).  相似文献   

Quantification of saponins in aerial and subterranean tissues of Medicago truncatula     

Huhman DV  Berhow MA  Sumner LW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):1914-1920

Triterpene saponins from aerial and subterranean organs of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong A-17 were qualitatively profiled and quantified using reverse-phase HPLC with on-line photodiode array detection and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/PDA/ESI/MS). Absolute quantifications were performed for 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-medicagenic acid and soyasaponin 1 (3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside] soyasapogenol B), whereas relative quantifications were determined for 29 other saponins in root, stem, leaf, seedpod, and seed. Roots contained the greatest total amount of saponins followed by leaf and seed, respectively. The quantitative data also reveal the differential accumulation of triterpene saponins in the various organs of M. truncatula. Specifically, relatively higher quantities of medicagenic acid conjugates accumulated in leaf and seed, whereas relatively higher levels of soysapogenol conjugates were observed in root. The differential accumulation of specific triterpene saponins is suggestive of spatially differentiated biosynthesis and/or biological function.  相似文献   

Metabolic engineering of plant cells for biotransformation of hesperedin into neohesperidin, a substrate for production of the low-calorie sweetener and flavor enhancer NHDC     

Frydman A  Weisshaus O  Huhman DV  Sumner LW  Bar-Peled M  Lewinsohn E  Fluhr R  Gressel J  Eyal Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(25):9708-9712

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a seminatural, safe, low-calorie sweetener, bitterness blocker, and flavor enhancer with unique properties and applications for the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and animal feed industries. Current production is limited by the availability of the substrate neohesperidin, a flavonoid that accumulates to significant levels only in the inedible bitter citrus species. We propose a process to convert hesperidin, a tasteless flavonoid extracted from orange peels that are abundant byproducts of the vast orange juice industry, into neohesperidin using metabolic engineering and biotransformation via three steps: (i) extraction of hesperidin from orange peels, (ii) hydrolysis of sugar moieties, and (iii) biotransformation of hesperidin hydrolysis products into neohesperidin. We overcame the current technological bottleneck in biotransformation of hesperidin hydrolysis products into neohesperidin using metabolically engineered plant cell cultures expressing a recombinant flavanone-7-O-glucoside-2-O-rhamnosyltransferase. A small-scale production experiment established the feasibility of the proposed process.  相似文献   

Restoring the capacity of spent mushroom compost to treat coal mine drainage by reducing the inflow rate: A microcosm experiment     

Lloyd R. Stark  William R. Wenerick  Frederick M. Williams  S. Edward Stevens Jr.  Paul J. Wuest 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,75(3-4):405-420

Four volumes of spent mushroom compost were exposed to synthetic coal mine drainage (pH 3.5, 48 mg L^?1 Fe, 22 mg L^?1 Mn) under oxidizing conditions (Eh 300 to 400 mV) at a relatively high rate of flow. After 15 days, the compost lost its ability to elevate pH, to lower the redox potential, to lower outlet iron concentrations, and to lower manganese concentrations, with larger volumes retaining more Fe and H⁺, but less Mn. Estimated retention maxima per liter of spent mushroom compost were 281 μeq H⁺, 5.56 g Fe, and 0.15 g Mn. These values are similar to those reported elsewhere for peat. The ‘saturated’ compost was then mixed and exposed to mine water in order to eliminate ‘dead zones’ in the compost. Subsequently, the compost was re-exposed to synthetic mine water (pH 4.0, 60 mg L^?1 Fe, O mg L^?1 Mn) under a much lower flow rate and less oxidizing regime for a period of 114 days. Under the low flow regime, iron was first exported from the compost as reducing conditions were established, and then retained on a stable basis. In addition, Eh was lowered and pH was elevated by the compost. On a net basis, the capacity of the compost to retain iron was increased and apparently stable under the decreased flow conditions.  相似文献   

Bioassay and transcuticular movement of systemic fungicides     

Lloyd Edgington  Heinrich Buchenauer  Friedrich Grossmann 《Pest management science》1973,4(5):747-752

A sensitive bioassay method was developed using bidirectional diffusion of fungicides in agar bands instead of diffusion through 360°. This method permitted the measurement of fungicide movement through isolated cuticular disks into agar bands underneath. Oil dispersible formulations of oxycarboxin and pyracarbolid penetrated through cuticles of coffee much more efficiently than wettable powder formulations.  相似文献   

Seasonal allergic dermatitis in sheep     

R M Connan  S Lloyd 《The Veterinary record》1988,123(13):335-337

The lesions of a seasonal dermatitis in sheep occurred mainly on the ventral surface of the animals, but in other respects they resembled those of 'sweet itch' in horses. They were primarily an immediate hypersensitivity response and the circumstantial evidence indicated that they were due to the bites of Culicoides species, possibly C obsoletus.  相似文献   

Equine muscle fiber types: A histological and histochemical analysis of select thoroughbred yearlings     

David A. Barlow Ph.D.  Judith M. Lloyd B.S.  HT  Paul Hellhake B.S.  Jeffrey A. Seder J.D.  M.B.A. 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1984,4(2):60-66

Equine skeletal muscle was histologically and histochemically analyzed in orderto measure fiber composition. Well-sampled open muscle biopsies were obtained from the semitendinosus muscle in select yearling Thoroughbreds. Each biopsy was sectioned and stained for the Harris Hematoxylin and Eosin and the modified Gomori Trichrome in order to demonstrate the basic muscle fiber morphology delineating intra and extracellular elements. A thirdstain, CA++ activated myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase at pH 9.4 was used to differentiate between specific types on the basis of enzyme activities. Subsequent differentiation of Type I slow twitch and Type II fast twitch muscle fibers was assessed on the basisof staining intensity. The high predominance of Type II fast twitch fibers ranged from 85.1 to 100 % with a mean of 90.5 %. Racing records, as two- and three-year-olds, were monitored in order to qualitatively compare histochemical results with performance achievements. While caution must be exercised, results of this investigation suggested that it may be possible, at an early age to partially predict the potential of each horse to adapt to training and to compete successfully in races of varying distances.  相似文献   

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia produced by aerosols artificially generated from cultures of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides     

L C Lloyd  J R Etheridge 《The British veterinary journal》1983,139(4):330-337

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Treatment of respiratory distress in a prematurely born foal     

K C Lloyd  A B Kelly  C I Dunlop 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,193(5):560-562

A foal born 3 weeks prematurely was treated for respiratory distress, using a combination of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilatory assistance. Clinical response and arterial blood gas tensions were monitored regularly. Continuous positive-airway pressure and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation administered via a nasotracheal tube were effective in improving arterial oxygenation and ventilatory function.  相似文献