Genome organization in coffee as revealed by EST PCRRFLP,SNPs and SSR analysis     

Manoj Kumar Mishra  Patrizia Tornincasa  Barbara De Nardi  Elisa Asquini  René Dreos  Lorenzo Del Terra  Rajkumar Rathinavelu  Paola Rovelli  Alberto Pallavicini  Giorgio Graziosi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(1):25-37

An EST-based PCR-RFLP method was employed to gain insight into genome organization in eight allopolyploid Coffea arabica cultivars and seven diploid coffee species. The PCR-amplified products at 19 EST loci were digested with 46 different restriction enzymes and size fractioned in agarose gels. Most often, the sum of the fragments length was double or more than the PCR product. In arabica, this condition could be explained by assuming the presence of duplicated loci in paralogous chromosomes and this was supported by considerable evidence of multiple loci SSR amplification. Based on the RFLP analysis, 12 EST loci were polymorphic. The level of polymorphism was higher in different species compared to the arabica varieties. Sequencing of the amplified products revealed a SNP frequency of 0.021 among diploid species and of 0.007 among arabica varieties. We propose that the involvement of two genomes in C. arabica maintains a residual level of heterozygosity in the form of paralogous chromosomes, while the self-fertilization in this species tends to drive of homozygosity. The heterozygosity of paralogous chromosomes in arabica creates valuable polymorphism essential for species diversity and survival in various ecological niches, while self-fertility tends to preserve in homozygosity many genes of functional significance.  相似文献   

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica oleracea</Emphasis> L. convar. <Emphasis Type="Italic">acephala</Emphasis> (DC.) Alef.) landraces,cultivars and wild populations in Europe     

Stina Christensen  Roland von Bothmer  Gert Poulsen  Lorenzo Maggioni  Marianne Phillip  Bente Anni Andersen  Rikke Bagger Jørgensen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(5):657-666

AFLP markers were used to characterize diversity and asses the genetic structure among 17 accessions of kale landraces, cultivars and wild populations from Europe. The range of average gene diversity in accessions was 0.11–0.27. Several landraces showed higher levels of diversity than the wild populations and one cultivar had the lowest diversity measures. The landraces that were most genetically diverse were from areas where kales are known to be extensively grown, suggesting in situ conservation in these areas as a supplement to storage of seeds in gene banks. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 62% of the total variation was found within accessions. For most accessions, genetic distance was not related to geographic distance. Similarities among accessions were probably not caused by recent gene flow since they were widely separated geographically; more likely the relationship among them is due to seed dispersal through human interactions. Our results indicate that a kale population found in a natural habitat in Denmark was probably not truly wild but most likely an escape from a cultivated Danish kale that had subsequently become naturalized.  相似文献   

Wastes generated during the storage of extra virgin olive oil as a natural source of phenolic compounds     

Lozano-Sánchez J  Giambanelli E  Quirantes-Piné R  Cerretani L  Bendini A  Segura-Carretero A  Fernández-Gutiérrez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11491-11500

Phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) have been associated with beneficial effects for health. Indeed, these compounds exert strong antiproliferative effects on many pathological processes, which has stimulated chemical characterization of the large quantities of wastes generated during olive oil production. In this investigation, the potential of byproducts generated during storage of EVOO as a natural source of antioxidant compounds has been evaluated using solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction processes followed by rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight and ion trap mass spectrometry (TOF/IT-MS). These wastes contain polyphenols belonging to different classes such as phenolic acids and alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, and flavones. The relationship between phenolic and derived compounds has been tentatively established on the basis of proposed degradation pathways. Finally, qualitative and quantitative characterizations of solid and aqueous wastes suggest that these byproducts can be considered an important natural source of phenolic compounds, mainly hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone, and luteolin, which, after suitable purification, could be used as food antioxidants or as ingredients in nutraceutical products due to their interesting technological and pharmaceutical properties.  相似文献   

Caprine prion gene polymorphisms are associated with decreased incidence of classical scrapie in goat herds in the United Kingdom     

Goldmann W  Ryan K  Stewart P  Parnham D  Xicohtencatl R  Fernandez N  Saunders G  Windl O  González L  Bossers A  Foster J 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):110

ABSTRACT: The application of genetic breeding programmes to eradicate transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in goats is an important aim for reasons of animal welfare as well as human food safety and food security. Based on the positive impact of Prnp genetics on sheep scrapie in Europe in the past decade, we have established caprine Prnp gene variation in more than 1100 goats from the United Kingdom and studied the association of Prnp alleles with disease phenotypes in 150 scrapie-positive goats. This investigation confirms the association of the Met142 encoding Prnp allele with increased resistance to preclinical and clinical scrapie. It reveals a novel association of the Ser127 encoding allele with a reduced probability to develop clinical signs of scrapie in goats that are already positive for the accumulation of disease-specific prion protein in brain or periphery. A United Kingdom survey of Prnp genotypes in eight common breeds revealed eleven alleles in over thirty genotypes. The Met142 encoding allele had a high overall mean allele frequency of 22.6%, whereas the Ser127 encoding allele frequency was considerably lower with 6.4%. In contrast, a well known resistance associated allele encoding Lys222 was found to be rare (0.9%) in this survey. The analysis of Prnp genotypes in Mexican Criollas goats revealed nine alleles, including a novel Phe to Leu substitution in codon 201, confirming that high genetic variability of Prnp can be found in scrapie-free populations. Our study implies that it should be feasible to lower scrapie prevalence in goat herds in the United Kingdom by genetic selection.  相似文献   

Mammary carcinoma in a tiger (Panthera tigris): morphological and immunohistochemical study     

Finotello R  Ressel L  Verin R  Di Lollo S  Baroni G  Piccinini R  Poli A 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(1):134-138

The histologic and immunohistochemical features of a case of mammary gland carcinoma are described in a 14-yr-old female tiger (Panthera tigris). Immunoreactivity to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), tumoral protein 53 (p53), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) was investigated. Neoplastic cells were negative for ER, PR, and p53 but showed positivity for VEGF, HER-2, and COX-2, both in the primary and the metastatic lesions. Histopathologic findings and immunohistochemistry results suggested that the malignant behavior of the reported case could be comparable with some aggressive cat mammary carcinomas.  相似文献   

Early growth habit and vigour parameters in olive seedlings     

Sofiene B.M. Hammami  Lorenzo León  Hava F. Rapoport  Raul De la Rosa 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Fruit tree growth habit and vigour are important traits for orchard management and production, yet are difficult to select for in breeding programs because the parameters for their evaluation are complex, and their expression often requires sufficient plant size and development, entailing valuable time. Thus, in olive (Olea europaea L.) breeding, as for other fruit crops, it is critical to define growth habit and vigour parameters with selection potential, and to determine the earliest age at which they can be measured. Furthermore seedling growth habit traits are important in themselves, particularly in their relation to juvenile period length and management. To explore these issues we evaluated a series of new and standard growth habit parameters during the first year of growth in a population of unpruned olive seedlings originating from six different crosses. The influence of plant age on growth habit traits was determined by comparing measurements at two or three different times. Both parent genotype and plant age significantly affected the vigour and growth habit of the olive seedlings, and 9 months was the most appropriate age for evaluating seedling growth parameters. ‘Picual’, ‘Arbosana’ and ‘Sikitita’ were shown to be promising cultivars for use as genitors, because of their tendency to produce offspring with desirable growth habit traits such as high vigour, weeping habit and low lateral shoot number. From among the 17 parameters studied, based on parent influence and the absence of correlation among parameters, five were identified which best described olive seedling growth habit: Primary Shoot Top Diameter, Primary Shoot Conicity, Secondary Shoot Number, Secondary Shoot Insertion Angle and Longest Secondary Shoot Internode Length.  相似文献   

The Effect of Molecular Weight on the Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan from Loligo opalescens for Food Packaging Applications     

Luciana C. Gomes  Sara I. Faria  Jesus Valcarcel  Jos A. Vzquez  Miguel A. Cerqueira  Lorenzo Pastrana  Ana I. Bourbon  Filipe J. Mergulho 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)

The growing requirement for sustainable processes has boosted the development of biodegradable plastic-based materials incorporating bioactive compounds obtained from waste, adding value to these products. Chitosan (Ch) is a biopolymer that can be obtained by deacetylation of chitin (found abundantly in waste from the fishery industry) and has valuable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and easy film-forming ability. This study aimed to produce and characterize poly(lactic acid) (PLA) surfaces coated with β-chitosan and β-chitooligosaccharides from a Loligo opalescens pen with different molecular weights for application in the food industry. The PLA films with native and depolymerized Ch were functionalized through plasma oxygen treatment followed by dip-coating, and their physicochemical properties were assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy. Their antimicrobial properties were assessed against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, where Ch-based surfaces reduced the number of biofilm viable, viable but nonculturable, and culturable cells by up to 73%, 74%, and 87%, respectively, compared to PLA. Biofilm growth inhibition was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results suggest that Ch films of higher molecular weight had higher antibiofilm activity under the food storage conditions mimicked in this work, contributing simultaneously to the reuse of marine waste.  相似文献   

Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds: in vivo effects on oxidative stress   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Simonetti P  Ciappellano S  Gardana C  Bramati L  Pietta P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):6217-6221

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with procyanidins from Vitis vinifera on markers of oxidative stress. Ten healthy volunteers received a daily dose of 110 mg of procyanidins for 30 days. Fasting venous blood samples were taken before and at the end of the supplementation period and after 7 days of wash-out. The total antioxidant activity and the plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol were not modified. Conversely, the levels of alpha-tocopherol in red blood cell membranes increased significantly from 1.8 +/- 0.1 to 2.8 +/- 0.2 mg/g. Similarly, the lymphocyte oxidized DNA [8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine/2'-deoxyguanosine ratio] was reduced from 7.23 +/- 2.47 to 2.34 +/- 0.51, and the red blood cell membrane fatty acid composition shifted to a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids. On the basis of these results, it may be suggested that dietary procyanidins exert their antioxidant protection in vivo by sparing liposoluble vitamin E and reducing DNA oxidative damage.  相似文献   

Composition and seasonal variation of the essential oils from two mandarin cultivars of southern Brazil     

Frizzo CD  Lorenzo D  Dellacassa E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(10):3036-3041

Cold-pressing and hydrodistilled peel oils of two Brazilian mandarin cultivars, commonly called Cai and Montenegrina (Citrus deliciosa Tenore), were obtained from fruits collected on mandarin trees submitted to the same pedoclimatic and cultural conditions. Their chemical composition and seasonal variation of the main volatile constituents were investigated by capillary GC and GC-MS, and the results were submitted to statistical analysis. To better characterize the oils, the enantiomeric distribution ratio of seven components (alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-pinene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, and alpha-terpineol) was determined by multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC). The similarities found between both C. deliciosa cultivars are strong evidence for the hypothesis that Montenegrina originated from Cai as previously reported from agronomic studies.  相似文献   

Agronomic, chemical and genetic variability of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) of different origin by LC-UV–vis-DAD and AFLP analyses     

Laura Siracusa  Fabio Gresta  Giovanni Avola  Emidio Albertini  Lorenzo Raggi  Gianpiero Marconi  Grazia M. Lombardo  Giuseppe Ruberto 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(2):711-721

The identification of a bi-univocal correspondence between geographical origin of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and the composition of its stigmas has recently been the subject of many research papers, which have focused on the analysis of the differences among the so called “minor components”, such as flavonoids and volatiles, in the secondary metabolic pattern of this spice. Saffron pigments (crocetin esters), on the other hand, constitute the majority of the metabolites found in its stigmas, and their spectrophotometric measurement is still used as an official method to determine the quality of the spice in terms of coloring power. To our knowledge, no attempts have been made to find a correspondence between the geographical origin of different saffron samples and their morphological traits and pigments pattern. In this paper, we have demonstrated that saffron corms of different origins, grown in the same experimental field, produce daughter corms with different dimensions and still produce stigma samples with different pigment profiles. Furthermore, daughter corm dimensions and pigment profile even more so, may be related to the origin of the sample, and therefore pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers. Compositional analyses results were corroborated by genetic data obtained using AFLP molecular markers.  相似文献