Pinger affects fish catch efficiency and damage to bottom gill nets related to bottlenose dolphins     

Giuseppa Buscaino  Gaspare Buffa  Gianluca Sarà  Antonio Bellante  Antonio Josè TonelloJr.  Fernando Augusto Sliva Hardt  Marta Jussara Cremer  Angelo Bonanno  Angela Cuttitta  Salvatore Mazzola 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):537-544

There is some evidence that the presence of Tursiops truncatus in fishing areas represents a real economic threat to fishermen due the dolphin feeding on the entangled fish, damaging the nets and reducing the fish catch. We have carried out experiments to assess the efficiency of a pinger in decreasing the interaction between the dolphins and fishing nets, in a fishing area off the coast of southern Italy, where Tursiops truncatus is frequently observed to interact with bottom gill nets. Two identical monofilament bottom gill nets (900 m long), one equipped with pingers and the other without, were used to measure the effect of these pingers on the abundance of the catch and net damage. For each haul (58 in total), data on dolphin sightings near the nets, damage judged to have been done by dolphins, weight and species composition of the catch were collected. All damage to the nets were recorded at the end of each haul. Dolphins in the fishing area were sighted 11 times out of 29 fishing activities (38%). The net equipped with pingers contained 28% more fish (biomass) than the net without pingers (t test, P < 0.04) and was less damaged (−31%, t test, P < 0.01). To assess whether the efficacy of these pingers remain constant over long period, long-term experiments should be carried out.  相似文献   

C-phycoerythrin from Phormidium persicinum Prevents Acute Kidney Injury by Attenuating Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress     

Vanessa Blas-Valdivia  Plcido Rojas-Franco  Jose Ivan Serrano-Contreras  Andrea Augusto Sfriso  Cristian Garcia-Hernandez  Margarita Franco-Colín  Edgar Cano-Europa 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)

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Retrospective evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis in dogs (2003–2014): 86 cases     

Fabrice T. J. Fosset DVM  MS  Benjamin E. G. Lucas PharmD  PhD  Cassandra L. Wolsic DVM  MS  Audrey C. Billhymer DVM  DACVR  Sidonie N. Lavergne DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(5):577-586

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Fish reproductive activity reveals temporal variations predominating spatial heterogeneity in maintaining high functional diversity of a Neotropical reservoir     

Tatiane Mary Gogola  Pitgoras Augusto Piana  Pedro Rogrio Leandro da Silva  Dhyego Amilton Topan  Paulo Vanderlei Sanches 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2022,31(1):154-163

The reproductive activity of the fish assemblage in a large Neotropical reservoir was evaluated by surveying the occurrence of ichthyoplankton in response to spatial and temporal variation in environmental factors. Fish reproduction was investigated by capturing larvae along representative spatial gradients in the main body (longitudinal) and arms (lateral) of the reservoir. After identification, the captured larvae were classified into different groups according to the functional traits of their parental stock. Sampling occurred monthly at night from October to March over five reproductive periods between 2009 and 2016, using conical-cylindrical plankton nets with flowmeter. Water samples were taken simultaneously allowing the measurement of environmental factors related to reproductive activity. The relationship between the environmental factors and the functional traits was assessed using RLQ and fourth-corner analyses. An evaluation of 51,995 larvae revealed there was greater larval abundance in the lacustrine and transition zones of both longitudinal and lateral gradients. Occurrences often correlated with temporal instead of spatial gradients. Higher rainfall correlated with abundances of detritivorous and migratory species. Higher water levels correlated with higher abundances of non-native species, species without parental care, with external fecundation, and partial spawning. Dry periods, with lower water and higher dissolved oxygen, correlated with higher abundances of insectivores and sedentary species. Although the presence of a dam-free stretch of river upstream of the reservoir had a positive influence on fish larvae in the fluvial zone, the results did not show differentiation along either gradient. Thus, the composition of the functional groups of fish species that reproduce in the Itaipu Reservoir appears to be predominantly influenced by the temporal variation in environmental factors rather than the formation of spatial gradients.  相似文献   

Soil quality and fertility in sustainable agriculture,with a contribution to the biological classification of agricultural soils     

Adriano Sofo  Augusto Zanella  Jean-François Ponge 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(2):1085-1112

Soils and crops are particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many agrosystems, soil biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by soils are under threat from a range of natural and human drivers. Agricultural soils are often subject to agronomic practices that disrupt soil trophic networks and make soils less productive in the long term. In this scenario, sustainable soil use aimed at improving plant/root status, growth and development plays a crucial role for enhancing the biological capacity of agricultural soils. This commentary paper is divided into the following four main sections: (i) the contentious nature of soil organic matter; (ii) soil biological quality/fertility; (iii) soil classification; and, (iv) which agricultural practices can be defined as sustainable? The published literature was analyzed within a holistic framework, with agrosystems considered as living systems where soil, vegetation, fauna and microorganisms co-evolve and are reciprocally influenced. Ultimately, this article will suggest a better stewardship of agricultural soils as a natural capital.  相似文献   

Do fish isotopic niches change in an Amazon floodplain lake over the hydrological regime?     

Lucas Silva Azevedo  Incio Abreu Pestana  Marcelo Gomes Almeida  Wanderley Rodrigues Bastos  Cristina Maria Magalhes Souza 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2022,31(1):72-80

Floodplain lakes are ecosystems characterised by annual flood and dry cycles. Fish ecology is influenced by the flood pulse due to the large influx of allochthonous food resources and diversification of habitats during the flood cycle, while during the dry cycle, fishes tend to be confined in reduced habitat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seasonal variation in trophic niche width and overlap of four species—Mylossoma duriventre, Prochilodus nigricans, Cichla.pleiozona and Serrasalmus rhombeus—in an Amazonian floodplain lake. Stable isotope analyses were used to estimate trophic niche width and overlap during the flood and dry seasons. We hypothesised broader niche width for all species during the flood cycle and a higher degree of overlap between the two piscivorous fishes during the dry cycle. Isotopic niche width was 72% broader for P. nigricans, 61% for S. rhombeus and 54% for C. pleiozona during the dry cycle, which did not support our hypothesis. Core niche width overlaps were not observed between piscivorous species in either flood or dry cycle. The results indicate that seasonal variation in isotopic niche width is specific to feeding habit. Understanding how fish trophic ecology responds to changes in the hydrological regime during the seasons is crucial for sustainable fishery management in a region where many people rely heavily on fish for nutritional and economic purposes.  相似文献