Endometrial Population of Oestrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta and Progesterone Receptors A and B During the Different Phases of the Follicular Wave of Llamas (Lama glama)     

CP Bianchi  L Sahlin  A Meikle  B Masironi  MV Cavilla  MA Aba 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):872-880

The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of oestrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ as well as both progesterone receptors isoforms progesterone receptor (PR) A and PRB in the luminal and glandular epithelia and stroma of the endometrium during the different phases of the follicular wave in llamas. Six llamas were examined by transrectal ultrasonography, and a transcervical biopsy was obtained when a follicle at the growing, plateau and regressing phase was recorded. Blood samples were collected at the time of biopsy for hormone determinations. An immunohistochemical technique was used to study receptor populations. Total positive area was evaluated in the different cell types by Image Analysis. Mean diameter measurements of the largest follicle were 6.9, 8.5 and 5.1 mm (p < 0.001) and mean plasma oestradiol‐17β concentrations were 27.9 ± 3.26; 30.0 ± 2.79 and 24.0 ± 1.78 pmol/l (p = 0.32) during the growing, plateau and regressing phases, respectively. Immunostaining of ERα was higher in the luminal epithelium during the plateau and regressing phases (p < 0.05) than during the growing phase. More positive cells to ERβ were observed in the glandular epithelium of the growing and plateau phases (p < 0.05) than during the regressing phase. A higher percentage of cells positive to PRB was recorded in the luminal and glandular epithelia during the plateau phase (p < 0.05), while the PRA immunostaining was similar among phases. In brief, this study showed an increased population of ERα and PRB in the luminal epithelium, and only of PRB in the glandular epithelium at the time when an ovulatory follicle is present. The physiological importance of these changes in llamas remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

Effect of hyperlipidemia on 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase,glucocorticoid receptor,and leptin expression in insulin-sensitive tissues of cats     

Nadja S. Sieber-Ruckstuhl  Eric Zini  Melanie Osto  Marco Franchini  Felicitas S. Boretti  Marina L. Meli  Brigitte Sigrist  Thomas A. Lutz  Claudia E. Reusch 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2010

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Microbial respiration of biochar- and digestate-based mixtures     

Santanu Mukherjee  Lutz Weihermueller  Wolfgang Tappe  Harry Vereecken  Peter Burauel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(2):151-164

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Sunken scald spot field injury evident in stored potatoes     

T. M. Whiteman  J. M. Lutz 《American Journal of Potato Research》1954,31(2):43-49

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Causes of death and disease in kittens     

V Mossi-Dieth  B Hauser  L Corboz  H Lutz  A Pospischil 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1990,132(10):587-594

Post-mortem examinations were carried out on 168 kittens 0 to 12 weeks of age. One third of the kittens died of an infectious agent, one third showed non infectious illnesses and in one third the examinations revealed none or vague results.  相似文献   

The pharmacokinetics of common chemotherapeutic drugs used in veterinary medicine     

F Lutz 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(2):113-118

The present paper summarizes the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in controlling bacterial disease in animals. Data on absorption, distribution and excretion of chemotherapeutic agents are given in form of tables. It is explained that pharmacokinetic parameters of antimicrobial chemotherapy among others are influenced by the drug's pharmaceutical formulation, its route of administration, its biotransformation and also by the age of the patients. There are given hints for handling the drug in order to achieve optimal effects.  相似文献   

Psittacine proventricular dilatation syndrome in an umbrella cockatoo     

M E Lutz  R B Wilson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(11):1962-1964

Psittacine proventricular dilatation syndrome (macaw wasting disease) is a fatal disease of the gastrointestinal tract and, sometimes, the CNS. The disease most often affects macaws and is thought to be of viral origin. An Umbrella cockatoo was referred with signs of neurologic dysfunction. Other unusual findings included flaccid crop, distended duodenum, and acute weight loss. Because treatment has not been reported to be effective, the affected cockatoo was euthanatized to limit spread of the disease.  相似文献   

Haemolytic anaemia in a heifer with bovine viral diarrhoea and mucosal disease complex     

Braun U  Jehle W  Hilbe M  Peterhans E  Lutz H 《The Veterinary record》2005,157(15):452-453

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Evaluation of diagnostic tests in the absence of a gold standard using an Anaplasma marginale field data set     

Müllner P  Dreher UM  Meli ML  Lutz H  Hofman-Lehmann R  Doherr MG 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(9-10):416-422

The evaluation of newly developed diagnostic tests (tests) commonly involves the comparison of the test outcomes (pos/neg.) of a sample of animals to those of a reference test (gold standard) in order to derive sensitivity and specificity estimates. Often, however, new tests have to be evaluated against an imperfect reference test since a true gold standard test is either too expensive or too costly to apply. This results in bias in the test characteristic estimates. To solve this problem, latent class and Bayesian models can be used to estimate sensitivity and specificity when evaluating a diagnostic test in the absence of a gold standard. They require at least two imperfect reference tests applied to all individuals in the study. In our approach we used a two-test two-population scenario. Both the gold standard and these modelling approaches rely on various assumptions. When violated, biased results will be obtained. The analysis of field data from an Anaplasma marginale outbreak in cattle in Switzerland with four diagnostic procedures (detection of the agent, serology, PCR and hematocrit measurements) was used as a practical example to demonstrate and critically discuss the approaches taken. In this relatively small data set (n = 275) the estimates for the test characteristics obtained by the different methods were quite similar. Overall, the bias in the point estimates depended mainly on the chosen estimation approach. All tests showed a non-negligible correlation mainly in the test sensitivities. This emphasizes the importance of taking into account test dependence even if it seems not biologically plausible at first thought.  相似文献   

Conventional and alternative housing systems for poultry--point of view of infectious disease medicine     

Conraths FJ  Werner O  Methner U  Geue L  Schulze F  Hänel I  Sachse K  Hotzel H  Schubert E  Melzer F  Mettenleiter TC 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(5-6):186-204

The use of conventional battery cages for hens will be prohibited in Germany in 2007. Only few studies, however, have considered the differences between battery cages and alternative systems with regard to infectious diseases. The existing gaps in the current knowledge need to be closed by research and measures must be developed that will prevent the spread of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections in alternative poultry housing systems.With regard to virus infections, avian influenza requires particular attention. Since wild birds, particularly anseriformes, represent a reservoir for avian influenza viruses, free-ranging poultry is much more at risk of infection than birds in closed hen-houses. Appropriate measures must prevent direct contact with wild birds and transmission via contaminated water, feed, or equipment. Several bacterial infections of poultry represent zoonoses. Salmonella and Campylobacter are considered as particularly important. To avoid a potential increase in the risk of infection for consumers due to poultry keeping systems that might favour infections with bacterial zoonotic agents, there is a special need for research in this area. With regard to parasitic infections, coccidioses may cause problems in alternative poultry housing systems, and lead to considerable economic consequences. The epidemiological situation concerning infections with Histomonas meleagridis needs to be analysed. Since all compounds that had been used for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes in the past have been banned, there is a need to develop new drugs which are safe for animals and humans.  相似文献