Radiographic Abnormalities in Barrel Racing Horses with Lameness Referable to the Metacarpophalangeal Joint     

Bruno Carvalho Menarim  Vânia Maria Vasconcelos Machado  Luís Emiliano Cisneros Alvarez  Rodrigo Carneiro  Leandro Busch  Luiz Carlos Vulcano 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Removal of Chromium, Copper, and Nickel from an Electroplating Effluent Using a Flocculent Brewer’s Yeast Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manuela D. Machado  Helena M. V. M. Soares  Eduardo V. Soares 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,212(1-4):199-204

The release of heavy metals in aquatic systems due to the discharge of industrial wastewaters is a matter of environmental concern. Heat-inactivated cells of a flocculent strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used in the bioremediation, in a batch mode, of a real electroplating effluent containing Cu, Ni, and Cr. In this approach, no previous reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was required. Cr(VI) was selectively removed (98%) by yeast biomass at pH 2.3. At this pH, Cr(VI) is mainly in the form of HCrO ₄ ^? and yeast surface is surrounded by H⁺ ions, which enhance the Cr(VI) interaction with biomass binding sites by electrostatic forces. Subsequently, pH of the effluent was raised up to 6.0; this pH maximizes the efficiency of cations removal since at this pH the main binding groups of yeast cells are totally or partially deprotonated. The passage of effluent through a series of sequential batches, at pH 6.0, allowed, after the third batch, the removal of Cu(II), Ni (II), Cr total, and Cr(VI) in the effluent to values below the legal limit of discharge. The strategy proposed in the present work can be used in plants for the treatment of heavy metals rich industrial effluents containing simultaneously Cr(VI) and Cr(III).  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular characterization of Colletotrichum spp. from citrus orchards affected by postbloom fruit drop in Brazil     

E.E. Kuramae-Izioka  C.R. Lopes  N.L. Souza  M.A. Machado 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(4):323-329

Brazilian isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from citrus orchards affected by postbloom fruit drop were examined for colony colour, mycelial growth, benomyl-resistance, pathogenicity, and genetic variability by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All isolates were obtained from flowers and persistent calyxes from different citrus hosts from Sao Paulo, Brazil. DNA polymorphisms detected after amplification with random 10-mer primers were used to classify the isolates into two groups. Group I isolates grew rapidly on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and were sensitive to benomyl, and group II isolates grew slowly on PDA and were benomyl-resistant. Colletotrichum acutatum was analyzed by RAPD and had high genetic similarity with group II isolates of Colletotrichum from citrus. Probably, the group I is C. gloeosporioides and group II is C. acutatum.  相似文献   

Brazilian biosafety law and the new breeding technologies     

Alexandre Lima NEPOMUCENO  Renata FUGANTI-PAGLIARINI  Maria Sueli Soares FELIPE  Hugo Bruno Correa MOLINARI  Edivaldo Domingues VELINI  Eduardo Romano de Campos PINTO  Maria Lucia Zaidan DAGLI  Galdino ANDRADE FILHO  Patr&#  cia Machado Bueno FERNANDES 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(2):204-210

Globally, the area of land cultivated with genetically modified (GM) crops has increased a thousand-fold over the last two decades. Although this technology has become important for food production, the regulatory frameworks that underpin these outcomes are based on a list of requirements for a risk assessment that differ from country to country. In recent years, policymakers have had the opportunity to learn from the controversies over transgenics to create effective regulatory milestones for emerging technologies, allowing them to reach their potential for a more sustainable agriculture, ensuring food security. In Brazil, Law No. 11.105 of 24 March 2005 established a framework with four main organizations responsible for risk assessment and management. However, most of new breeding technologies did not exist at that time and were not considered in this law. In 2016, Normative Resolution No. 16 of the National Biosafety Technical Commission (CTNBio) was established to address this gap based on the evaluation of the products obtained through these techniques (termed Innovative Precision Improvement Techniques in the resolution), in a case-by-case consultation system. Briefly, if the product is designated to be a GM, the developer will have to go through the biosafety requirements and will be approved only after CTNBio risk assessment. If the product is designated not to be GM (for the purposes of the legislation), then it can be registered using the existing procedures. Currently, 152 GM products are commercially approved in Brazil. In 2018, CTNBio assessed the first consultation on commercial release of plants generated using the new breeding technologies and has subsequently approved six products. It is expected that many institutions would be able to participate in Brazilian and world markets, developing and introducing new biotechnological solutions and products through a more sustainable approach and without facing public disapproval, a common issue for GM crops.  相似文献   

Aurantiochytrium sp. meal can replace fish oil in practical diets for the juvenile Pacific white shrimp     

Ariane Martins Guimares  Delano Dias Schleder  Mariana Nagata  Renata Oselame Nbrega  Dbora Machado Fracalossi  Walter Quadros Seiffert  Felipe do Nascimento Vieira 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):798-807

This study evaluated the use of microalgae (Aurantiochytrium sp.) meal as a substitute for fish oil in the diet of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a clear‐water system. Dietary treatments at five replacement levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were performed in triplicate. After 46 days, only a slight difference in shrimp final weight was observed among treatments (0.61 g). An increase in final weight was observed with replacement of up to 50% fish oil for microalgae meal, while the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 44.7%. Feed conversion rate (FCR) of animals fed a diet of Aurantiochytrium sp.meal to replace up to 50% fish oil decreased, and the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 49.3%. The fatty acids profile in shrimp muscle tissue demonstrated an increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 10.03% to 14.28% with increased replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal in the diet. Therefore, the partial replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal resulted in improved shrimp growth and FCR, and total replacement of dietary fish oil had no negative effects on these parameters. In addition, inclusion of microalgae meal raises the level of DHA in shrimp muscle.  相似文献   

Essential oils in diets for Nile tilapia juveniles: Productive performance and plasmatic biochemistry     

Bruno dos Santos Sosa  Evandro Bilha Moro  Riccio Luan Marques Gomes  Matheus dos Santos Cardoso  Leonardo Machado Cardoso  Wilson Rogrio Boscolo  Jos Dilson Silva de Oliveira  Altevir Signor  Fbio Bittencourt 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):2758-2765

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of increasing levels of a commercial mix of essential oils (EOs) from cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and castor bean (Ricinus communis) as an additive in diets for Nile tilapia. Thus, 240 juveniles with an initial weight of 35.06 ± 1.02 g were distributed in a completely randomized design (four treatments and six replicates) in 24 cylindrical‐tapered tanks; the fish were fed for 60 days, four times a day, diets containing increasing levels of EO (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20%) and a control diet (without the additive). After the experimental period, the animals were desensitized, and an aliquot of blood was collected for the biochemical analysis; they were subsequently euthanized for the evaluation of productive performance and fillet chemical composition. No significant differences (p > .05) were observed in the analyses of productive performance, fillet chemical composition, and triglycerides, VLDL, total proteins, urea and glucose. However, significant differences (p < .05) were observed in the analyses of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Inclusion above 0.15 of the additive showed an improvement in the levels of lipoprotein carriers, increasing HDL levels and decreasing LDL values, without interfering with the fish productive performance.  相似文献   

Seasonal influence on hematologic values and hemoglobin electrophoresis in Brazilian boa constrictor amarali.     

Carla C Machado  Luis F N Silva  Paulo R R Ramos  Regina K Takahira 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(4):487-491

As ectothermic animals, snakes depend exclusively on the environment for proper temperature maintenance, which may greatly influence their activity. Twenty-five adult Boa constrictor amarali snakes maintained in captivity were used to determine the influence of seasons on their hematologic values and electrophoretic profile of hemoglobin. A complete blood cell count (CBC) and examination for hemoparasites were performed in the summer and winter of 2004. Hemoglobin was stored for later electrophoresis. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were obtained in RBC, WBC, lymphocyte, thrombocyte, and monocyte counts, demonstrating the importance of the period of the year in the interpretation of reference values in these animals. Two snakes were detected with blood parasites (Hepatozoon sp.) in the winter and four in the summer, although it appears that their presence did not cause any significant alterations in the CBC. The electrophoretic analysis of the samples demonstrated two-four hemoglobin bands in this species.  相似文献   

Development of a Suitable Maintenance Diet for Anodonta cygnea     

Fátima  Carvalho Paula  Lima Fernando  Gonçalves Fernanda  Russell-Pinto Jorge  Machado 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2004,35(2):189-198

Selenastrum, Chlorella and the Cyanophyta groups, important components of the phytoplankton in the natural habitat of Anodonta cygnea in Mira Lagoon, were used separately as experimental diet for Anodonta cygnea. To assess the effects of the different diets, several organic and inorganic compounds of the haemolymph and extrapallial fluid were measured. Protein content was significantly reduced with experimental Non Feed, and carbohydrate content with Non Feed, Selenastrum, Chlorella , and Cyanophyta diets compared to the control in the lagoon. Lipid contents in body fluids were similar among the different diet groups, with the exception of the Chlorella diet, which showed a higher value. In all diets, the inorganic elements, magnesium and chloride, presented a non-significant variation profile. The concentration of sodium and potassium was significantly affected in Selenastrum and Chlorella diets, observing in the Non Feed diet a minimum value for potassium. The non-significant variation of osmolality suggests the presence of a specific osmotic regulatory mechanism independent of the diet. A particular regulation mechanism seems to exist for both calcium and manganese ion inducing similar profiles for all experimental diets with higher contents in Selenastrum and Cyanophyta diets, respectively. The higher calcium ion concentration appears associated with lower protein-carbohydrate contents, probably due to weak calcium aggregation and deposition mechanism, except for the control and Mixture diets. In general, the concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds in the body fluids of Mixture-fed A. cygnea , were more similar to those found in the control diet group. This suggests that an equal mixture of the three algae, Selenastrum, Chlorella , and Cyanophyta, is more appropriate diet to provide the necessary nutrients for a normal maintenance of A. cygnea in the wild.  相似文献   

Soil biological properties in multistrata successional agroforestry systems and in natural regeneration     

Raul Matias Cezar  Fabiane Machado Vezzani  Daniel Kramer Schwiderke  Sérgio Gaiad  George Gardner Brown  Carlos Eduardo Sícoli Seoane  Luís Cláudio Maranhão Froufe 《Agroforestry Systems》2015,89(6):1035-1047

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Identification,occurrence and clinical findings of canine hemoplasmas in southern Brazil     

Stella de Faria Valle  Joanne B. Messick  Andrea Pires dos Santos  Luiz Carlos Kreutz  Naila Cristina Blatt Duda  Gustavo Machado  Luis Gustavo Corbellini  Alexander Welker Biondo  Felix Hilario Diaz González 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

Hemoplasmas are ubiquitous pleomorphic and epicellular bacteria detected in erythrocytes in several species. In Brazil, studies on hemoplasmas have not included information on occurrence, clinical signs, and risk factors in dogs. This paper investigates the occurrence of hemoplasmas in dogs, focusing on risk factors and clinical status. Conventional PCR for the four types of canine hemoplasmas was performed in 331 blood samples collected from dogs clinically treated at a teaching veterinary hospital. Of all samples, 17/331 (5.1%) were positive for Mycoplasma haemocanis and 6/331 (1.8%) were positive for a ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum-like’ organism. Risk factors included the presence of vectors, old age, dog bite wounds, and neoplastic diseases. In the multivariate analysis, a 4.40 odds ratio in dogs with vector-borne diseases indicated risk for hemoplasmosis. There was correlation between hemoplasma infection and neoplastic disease, suggesting that neoplastic conditions are a risk factor for hemoplasma infection in dogs.  相似文献