Dams and state security: Damming the 3S rivers as a threat to Cambodian state security          下载免费PDF全文

Mak Sithirith 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2016,57(1):60-75

State security is a key concern for countries when dealing with transboundary river governance issues. While there is a considerable amount of literature on transboundary river cooperation in general, there has been little on transboundary cooperation and the damming of shared rivers in terms of their impacts on state security. As a result, this article seeks to answer the following questions in relation to the lower Mekong basin: (i) How is the damming process embedded in transboundary cooperation? (ii) How does this type of cooperation contribute to peace and security in the study area – the 3S river basin? And, (iii) how can transboundary cooperation be improved so as to address state security issues? To answer these questions, this study reviews the relevant literature and uses two case studies, one of the Yali Dam in Vietnam and the second of the Lower Sesan 2 Dam in Cambodia. In doing so, the article examines dam developments in the lower Mekong basin, their environmental and human security impacts, and how they contribute to or threaten state security in Cambodia. It concludes that dams on international rivers induce insecurity among states downstream and that cooperation between riparian states is key to addressing this insecurity.  相似文献   

Co‐Expression of c‐Fos with Oestradiol Receptor α or Somatostatin in the Arcuate Nucleus,Ventromedial Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area in the Follicular Phase of Intact Ewes: Alteration after Insulin‐Induced Hypoglycaemia          下载免费PDF全文

C Fergani  JE Routly  DN Jones  LC Pickavance  RF Smith  H Dobson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):68-75

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A Far-Field Hydrothermal Plume from Loihi Seamount     

JE Lupton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5264):976-979

An extensive helium plume in the north central Pacific emanates from Loihi Seamount on the flanks of Hawaii. The maximum helium signal is found at a depth of about 1100 meters, the same depth as the near-field plume directly above Loihi Seamount. Although this helium plume is strongest near Hawaii, where the 3He/4He ratio at a depth of about 1100 meters reaches values 28 percent above the atmospheric ratio, it can be detected quite clearly at latitude 24°N, over 400 kilometers to the north. Excess 3He is also present on the same isopycnal between 15°N and 20°N at 135°W, some 2000 kilometers east of the Hawaiian Islands.  相似文献   

Vertical Flux of Biogenic Carbon in the Ocean: Is There Food Web Control?     

RB Rivkin  L Legendre  D Deibel  JE Tremblay  B Klein  K Crocker  S Roy  N Silverberg  C Lovejoy  F Mesple  N Romero  MR Anderson  P Matthews  C Savenkoff  A Vezina  JC Therriault  J Wesson  C Berube  RG Ingram 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5265):1163-1166

Models of biogenic carbon (BC) flux assume that short herbivorous food chains lead to high export, whereas complex microbial or omnivorous food webs lead to recycling and low export, and that export of BC from the euphotic zone equals new production (NP). In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, particulate organic carbon fluxes were similar during the spring phytoplankton bloom, when herbivory dominated, and during nonbloom conditions, when microbial and omnivorous food webs dominated. In contrast, NP was 1.2 to 161 times greater during the bloom than after it. Thus, neither food web structure nor NP can predict the magnitude or patterns of BC export, particularly on time scales over which the ocean is in nonequilibrium conditions.  相似文献   

Simultaneous Measurement of Local Gain and Electron Density in X-ray Lasers     

R Cauble  Da Silva LB  TW Barbee  P Celliers  C Decker  RA London  JC Moreno  JE Trebes  AS Wan  F Weber 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5278):1093-1096

X-ray lasers (XRLs) have experimental average gains that are significantly less than calculated values and a persistently low level of spatial coherence. An XRL has been used both as an injected signal to a short XRL amplifier and as an interferometer beam to measure two-dimensional local gain and density profiles of the XRL plasma with a resolution near 1 micrometer. The measured local gain is in agreement with atomic models but is unexpectedly spatially inhomogeneous. This inhomogeneity is responsible for the low level of spatial coherence observed and helps explain the disparity between observed and simulated gains.  相似文献   

Dopaminergic and Opioidergic Regulation of Gonadotropin and Prolactin Release in Stallions     

C Aurich  T Gerlach  JE Aurich  H-O Hoppen  J Lange  N Parvizi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(6):335-340

In the non‐breeding season, LH release is reduced via dopaminergic systems in the ram. On the other hand, our previous studies demonstrated an opioidergic inhibition of LH release in stallions outside the breeding season. Thus, in the present study we investigated the dopaminergic regulation of LH and prolactin secretion in stallions, considering interactions between dopamine and opioids. To achieve this, stallions (n=8) were treated with the dopamine antagonist sulpiride (0.6 mg/kg), the opioid antagonist naloxone (0.5 mg/kg), sulpiride plus naloxone or saline in December, March and June. Two hours after the respective treatments, they received a GnRH agonist. Sulpiride induced a significant prolactin release which was most pronounced in December, indicating seasonal variations in the inhibition of prolactin secretion by dopaminergic systems. Prolactin concentrations were not changed by naloxone. Neither during nor outside the breeding season, a dopaminergic regulation of LH release could be demonstrated. In contrast, naloxone caused a significant (p < 0.05) LH release, confirming an opioidergic inhibition of LH release. In conclusion, opioidergic regulation of LH and dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion undergo seasonal changes. Neither during nor outside the breeding season, dopaminergic effects on LH release exist in the stallion.  相似文献   

Exploitable genetic variation in a composite bulk population of barley     

C. Mak  B. L. Harvey 《Euphytica》1982,31(1):85-92

Summary Advanced agricultures are characterized by a great increase in the adoptation of uniform crop cultivars associated with a drastic reduction in locally adapted variation, the plant breeders should also examine means of creating and conserving genetic resources. Composite cross breeding is a technique that creates and preserves genetic variation in an exploitable form. The merits and problems of this method were discussed. using data obtained from barley Composite Cross XXI.  相似文献   

Sorption of copper and lead by citric acid modified wood   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

K.?S.?LowEmail author  C.?K.?Lee  S.?M.?Mak 《Wood Science and Technology》2004,38(8):629-640

The sorption characteristics of citric acid modified wood to remove copper and lead ions from aqueous solution under batch conditions have been investigated. Sorption was pH dependent with increasing uptake at higher pH values. The kinetics of sorption for both ions was rapid with 90% sorption taking place within the first 60 min regardless of its initial concentration. Sorption can be explained by a second-order kinetics model from which the rate constant, the equilibrium sorption capacity and the initial rate were calculated. From these parameters, the predictive models for Cu and Pb sorbed (q _t) in time t and at an initial concentration (C _o) are given by q _t=C _o t[0.31C _o–2.29+(0.04C _o+5.19)t] and q _t=C _o t/[0.06C _o–6.59+(0.01C _o+4.48)t] for Cu and Pb, respectively. Using these models the predicted and experimental uptakes of Cu and Pb were compared and discussed. Maximum sorption capacities of modified wood under present experimental conditions were 23.70 and 82.64 mg/g for Cu and Pb, respectively. However, for untreated wood the corresponding values were 2.56 and 7.71 mg/g indicating a tenfold increase in sorption upon citric acid modification. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid complexed with both ions render sorption less favorably. However, salicylic acid had little influence. In a binary system, Pb ions were more favorably sorbed than Cu ions which could be due to the larger ionic radius of the former ions.  相似文献   

Drugs in racing     

JE MADDISON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(3):176-176

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Modelling the Potential Effects of the Hungarian Red Mud Disaster on Soil Properties     

Attila Anton  Márk Rékási  Nikolett Uzinger  Gábor Széplábi  András Makó 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):5175-5188

In this experiment, the effects of the Hungarian red mud disaster were studied in a soil column experiment focusing on element solubility. The effect of flooding with the highly alkaline red mud suspension and the effect of the percolation of precipitation water through the 10 cm thick red mud layer were modelled separately. Both scenarios affected the soil pH up to a depth of 80 cm. An increase in the total element concentration was only observed for Na and Mo, probably due to the leaching of red mud particles measuring 0.05?C0.02 and <0.002 mm in the column. At the same time, the water-soluble concentrations of the potentially toxic elements As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn rose, at least in the top soil layer, but the concentration values remained below the limit values laid down by quality standards. Over a longer period of time, the main environmental risk raised by the disaster is the secondary salinization of the area.  相似文献