Mammary development and milk production in the sow: Effects of udder massage, genotype and feeding in late gestation     

Karen Thodberg  Martin T. Srensen 《Livestock Science》2006,101(1-3):116-125

The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether post-ejection udder massage 1–2 weeks pp (post partum) had an effect on the amount of mammary tissue and milk production in the domestic sow.

The nursing behaviour of 35 primiparous LYL or YLY sows and their litters was followed on days 7 and 14 pp. The milk production was measured by the weigh–suckle–weigh method of the whole litter on days 11 and 18 pp. After weaning on day 28 pp, the sows were slaughtered and the mammary tissue excised and weighed.

No significant correlations were found between the duration of post-ejection udder massage and the subsequent milk production. LYL sows had more mammary tissue (P < 0.05) and their piglets spent more time performing post-ejection udder massage compared to the YLY sows (P < 0.01). Individual variation was found in the proportion of time that the sows were lying on either their right or left side. The weight of the mammary tissue from the left side was positively affected by the amount of udder massage (pre- and post-ejection massage) that the sows had received while lying on the right side relative to the amount that she had received while lying on the left side on day 7 pp (P < 0.01).

In conclusion, the intensity of udder massage influenced the amount of mammary tissue at slaughter. The genotype of the sow affected the expression of nursing behaviour and milk production. No connection was found between post-ejection udder massage and the measures of milk production 1–2 weeks pp. Finally, feeding during the last half of gestation affected the nursing behaviour.  相似文献   

Gudair^TM vaccine: enhanced safety instructions     

Martin Holmes 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(5):N10-N10

  相似文献   

The effect of exogenous purine supply on the endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in the urine of growing lambs     

Tsutomu FUJIHARA  Martin N. SHEM  Tohru MATSUI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):582-586

An experiment was made to determine the absorption of purine metabolites in dietary nucleic acids through the digestive tract, and also to determine the utilization of nucleic acids absorbed in the body, using growing lambs. Two pairs of 120‐ and 180‐day‐old twin female lambs with a bodyweight of 18.2–19.0 kg were kept in metabolism crates and fed on purine‐free milk replacement (MR) with supplements of exogenous purine (purine base or purine nucleoside) at a level of 0.2 mmol/BW^0.75/d for 5 consecutive days, and thereafter they were maintained in the crates for 4 days. The daily amount of exogenous purine supply was calculated based on the urinary excreted purine derivatives (PD) in lambs fed on milk replacement alone. A urine sample was collected daily for 9 consecutive days, and the urinary excretion of PD was determined daily. Urinary PD excretion opened to increase within 24 h after the dose of purine bases, and the level was recovered on 3 days after ceasing the exogenous purine supply. The recovery of PD in the urine was about 70% of the purine supplement. When purine nucleosides were added to the feed, urinary PD excretion was initiated within 24 h after dosing, and the values were recovered after ending the purine nucleoside supply. The recovery rate of PD in the urine was only 30% of the supplemented purine. The plasma allantoin levels were almost similar after feeding purine bases and purine nucleosides, and the values were mostly in the range (40–60 µmol/L). These findings indicate that an exogenous purine can be directly incorporated into the body, and the purine as nucleoside is more effectively utilized for the synthesis of nucleic acids than as a purine base in the body of growing lambs.  相似文献   

Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: a Mediterranean example     

Audrey Coreau  Jean-Louis Martin 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(5):747-764

Land use changes operate at different scales. They trigger a cascade of effects that simultaneously modify the composition or structure of the landscape and of the local vegetation. Mobil animals, and birds in particular, can respond quickly to such multi-scalar changes. We took advantage of a long term study on the response of songbirds to land-use changes on four Mediterranean islands in Corsica and Sardinia to explore the benefits of a multi-scale analysis of the relationships between songbird distribution, vegetation structure and landscape dynamics. Field data and aerial photographs were used to describe the vegetation at three different scales. Birds were censused by point counts. We used statistical variance decomposition to study how bird distribution and vegetation at various scales were linked. We analysed multi-scale vegetation changes (floristic composition, plot vegetation type, and landscape structure) and their consequences on bird distribution with multivariate and non-parametrical tests. The distribution of most species was linked to at least two spatial scales. The weight of a given scale was consistent with life-history traits for species whose biology was well-known. In the examples studied, vegetation composition, vegetation type and landscape changes that resulted from land abandonment negatively affected birds depending on open or heterogeneous areas. Our results emphasize that multi-scale analyses can greatly enhance our understanding of bird distribution and of their changes. Management of these populations should take into account measures at various spatial scales depending on the sensitivity of the species.  相似文献   

Neonatal Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection on a Thoroughbred Breeding Farm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Michael J. Murray  Fabio del  Piero  Stuart C. Jeffrey  Michael S. Davis  Martin O. Furr  Edward J. Dubovi  John A. Mayo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(1):36-41

Of 17 foals born on a Thoroughbred breeding farm between March and April 1995, infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was associated with neonatal morbidity in 5 foals, 3 of which died or were euthanized. Morbidity and mortality were associated with pulmonary inflammation, and EHV-1 was identified in the lungs of the 3 foals that died. All neonatal EHV-1 infections occurred in foals of mares housed in the same pasture and barn. No other clinical manifestations of EHV-1 infection (eg, abortion, neurologic disease, or respiratory disease) occurred during this outbreak. Three foals were treated with acyclovir (1 died, 2 survived), which may have influenced the clinical outcome in the surviving foals.  相似文献   

Intercropping of Corn with Soybean and Lupin for Silage: Effect of Seeding Date on Yield and Quality     

B. Prithiviraj  K. Carruthers  Q. Fe  D. Cloutier  R. C. Martin  D. L. Smith 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(2):129-136

Intercropping of corn with legumes is an alternative to corn monocropping and has a number of advantages, for example, lower levels of inputs, lower costs of production and better silage quality than the monocrop system. An experiment was carried out at two sites in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the effects of seeding date (simultaneous with corn or 3 weeks later) and number of rows of large‐seeded legumes (one or two) seeded between the corn rows. The intercrop plots received 90 kg ha^?1 less nitrogen fertilizer than the monocrop plots, which received 180 kg ha^?1. Silage yields were sometimes decreased by the simultaneous seeding of corn and large‐seeded legumes. Protein content and concentration were not affected by most treatments and provided reasonable quality silage, despite a reduction in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used.  相似文献   

Observations on the cooling and cryopreservation of pig oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

B A Didion  D Pomp  M J Martin  G E Homanics  C L Markert 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(9):2803-2810

This study examined the viability of pig oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage following cooling or cryopreservation. Cumulus-intact oocytes (n = 641) were collected from slaughterhouse pig ovaries and used in two experiments. In Exp. I the viability of 1) control, 2) cryoprotectant control (CC, 1.5 M glycerol/.5 M sucrose), 3) cooled (0 degrees C) and 4) cryopreserved (-196 degrees C) oocytes was assessed after no incubation or a 24-h incubation. Survivability was judged by morphological appearance, trypan blue exclusion and fluorescein diacetate staining. Survival rate of control oocytes (90%; based primarily on morphological appearance of the cumulus) incubated 0 h was greater (P less than .05) than that of all other groups, whereas survival rate of -196 degrees C oocytes (57%) was less (P less than .05) than that of all other groups. However, vital staining of 0 degrees C and -196 degrees C oocytes showed 0% survival rate as evidenced by trypan blue uptake and lack of fluorescence. The cumulus cells surrounding oocytes that were stored at 0 degrees C or -196 degrees C survived freezing as evidenced by trypan blue exclusion and intense fluorescence. Similar differences among treatment groups were found for oocytes incubated 24 h. Exp. 2 examined the temperature at which oocytes became sensitive to cooling. Oocyte death occurred when oocytes were cooled to 15 degrees C or lower. These results demonstrate that pig oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage did not survive cooling to 15 degrees C or below. When assessing the viability of cryopreserved cumulus enclosed oocytes it is important to use vital stains in conjunction with morphological appearance.  相似文献   

Uterine rupture as a postpartum complication in two mares     

D E Brooks  D J McCoy  G S Martin 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,187(12):1377-1379

Uterine rupture was diagnosed in 2 postpartum mares with hemorrhagic vaginal discharge. Both mares had abdominal pain, as evidenced by pawing, kicking at the abdomen, or attempting to roll. Peritoneal fluid analysis was useful in establishing a diagnosis. One mare had many RBC in the peritoneal fluid and was anemic; this mare was managed medically with oxytocin, antibiotics, and blood transfusion. The mare was able to raise her foal to weaning age. The second mare had many RBC, degenerate neutrophils, and intracellular and extracellular bacteria in peritoneal fluid. Surgical repair of the uterus was performed, and the mare was treated for peritonitis. The mare later became pregnant.  相似文献   

Crop and market news     

B. A. Brown  K. P. Bemis  E. A. Stokdyk  G. D. Clark  H. C. Moore  A. G. Tolaas  H. O. Werner  Wm. Martin  E. V. Hardenburg  W. K. McCulock  H. H. Zimmerly  J. G. Milward 《American Journal of Potato Research》1926,3(7):247-260

  相似文献   

Prognosis for Neonatal Foals in an Intensive Care Unit     

Martin Furr  Mary Kay Tinker  Lucy Edens 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(3):183-188

This study was conducted to develop an equation for the prediction of outcome in neonatal foals undergoing treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). Fifty-three physical examination, historical, and clinicopathologic variables were analyzed from the records of 99 neonatal foals (<14 days of age) treated in the neonatal ICU of the Equine Medical Center. The outcome was recorded and the results were categorized into either surviving or nonsurviving groups. The mean values for the 2 groups were compared, and variables that differed significantly between the two groups were retained and used to construct a logistic regression equation. Retained variables were heart rate, temperature, and neutron phil count. The predictive equation then was tested prospectively in 2 additional groups of foals from 2 separate ICUs. The predicted outcome was compared to the actual outcome, and performance variables were calculated. Sensitivity (.83), specificity (.87), negative predictive value (.72), and positive predictive value (.93) were determined for foals from one neonatal ICU; the sensitivity (.83), specificity (.44), negative predictive value (.44), and positive predictive value (.83) were lower for foals at a second, separate ICU.  相似文献