Ethically chosen studies with early-weaned piglets during their raising in pens with different applications of straw. 1. The effects of different applications of straw and different floor conditions in areas of uniform size     

D Marx  R Mertz 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1989,96(1):20-26

In extension of earlier experiments in housing systems with perforated floors, utilization rates of solid floor with litter, straw in a rack and deep litter, as well as the behaviour and physical condition, especially of claws, were investigated. Each pen had an area of 0.45 m2/piglet. In further experiments the influences of race (DL instead of DL x Piétrain), kind of rearing (without straw instead of rearing with straw), lowering temperature and the effect of a preferred perforated floor in comparison with solid floor were investigated. Deep litter was preferred for activity and lying behaviour only in the case of low temperature (14-18 degrees C) whereas solid floor with litter was preferred in the case of higher temperature (19-25 degrees C). The perforated floor was equivalent to solid floor on the condition that the area dimension was sufficient, temperature 3 degrees C higher than in the other experiments and straw in a rack was offered. However, the utilization rates of solid floor increased in the case of lowering temperature by 4 degrees C. There was no significant influences of the different race or kind of rearing. In the experiments there were significant signs of a more harmonious condition of the animals and a shorter, respectively no period where the animals had to adapt to the housing conditions. These findings were in contrast to those of earlier investigations. The possibility of acting with straw led to an undisturbed circadian rhythm and to a higher rate of standing within the total activity which was as high as in earlier studies. Further social companions and environmental objects lost attractiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Surviving heat shock and other stresses     

J L Marx 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,221(4607):251-253

  相似文献   

Organizing the cytoplasm. An intricate, interconnected array of filaments in the cytoplasm gives this part of the cell more order and complexity than was once thought     

J L Marx 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4628):1109-1111

  相似文献   

Gunäkomastie bei einem Ziegenbock     

Von D. Marx  J. Klempp  K. Loeffler  S. Böhm 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1975,10(3):125-134

Bei einem hornlosen, zu Beginn der Untersuchungen ca. 1 1/2 jährigen, fruchtbaren Ziegenbock der Rasse “Deutsche bunte Edelziege” wurden 4 cm lange Zitzen, eine Andeutung eines Drüsenkörpers und eine tägliche Laktation von maximal 20 ml festgestellt. Die Sexualaktivität entsprach der anderer Ziegenböcke. Die Überprüfung der Spermaqualität über einen Zeitraum von 14 Monaten ergab während der ersten 6 Monate (im wesentlichen paarungsfreie Zeit) insbesondere hinsichtlich der Dichte negative Abweichungen von den Werten anderer Ziegenböcke. Anschlieβend wurden bei Erhöhung der Ejakulatmenge eine deutliche Konsistenzveränderung durch einen hohen Anteil schleimiger Substanzen und gleichzeitig eine Verschlechterung der Dichte und der Motilitlät der Spermien, eine Zunahme der pathologischen Spermienformen und eine Erhöhung des pH festgestellt. Bei der Milchuntersuchung ergaben sich keine wesentlichen Unterschiede zu gleichzeitig untersuchter Ziegenmilch.  相似文献   

Looking at lectins: do they function in recognition processes?     

Marx JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4297):1429-1478

  相似文献   

Evaluation of auditory evoked potentials to predict depth of anaesthesia during fentanyl/fluanisone−midazolam anaesthesia in rats     

LM Antunes MSc  DVM    JV Roughan BSc  PhD  & PA Flecknell MA  Vet MB  PhD  DLAS  Dip ECVA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(4):196-203

Objectives To assess a method for monitoring depth of anaesthesia using components of middle latency auditory evoked potential (AEP) waveforms during anaesthesia with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam. Study design Prospective observational study. Animals Five female Wistar rats weighing between 210 and 250 g. Methods Implanted electrodes were used to record AEPs in animals receiving five doses of anaesthetic. Recordings were made at 5 minutes post‐injection (deep anaesthesia; no pedal withdrawal response, PWR) and then at 25 minutes (light anaesthesia; strong PWR). Responses showed five characteristic peaks occurring at 11, 14, 23, 42 and 68 ms that were measured for latency of occurrence and peak amplitude. Results Auditory evoked potential peaks P14, N23 and P42 were increased significantly in latency with successive anaesthetic injections [avg. F(1,4) = 12.53, p < 0.001; avg. F(1,4) = 10.6, p < 0.001; avg. F(1,4) = 3.9, p = 0.02, respectively]. Peak N23 showed a significant reduction in latency during the 20 minute recovery period following both the first and second anaesthetic injections (t(3) = 7.52, p = 0.005; t(4) = 5.17, p = 0.007, respectively). Peak P42 occurred significantly earlier 20 minutes following the second anaesthetic injection (t(4) = 4.75, p = 0.009). The mean overall depth of anaesthesia assessed using PWR scores was significantly correlated with the mean latency of peak N23, such that as the strength of PWR increased, N23 occurred significantly earlier (r = ?0.99, p = 0.01). The amplitude difference between peaks N23 and P42 increased after the second and third drug administrations [avg. F(1,4) = 10.65, p = 0.031 and avg. F(1,4) = 11.24, p = 0.028, respectively]. Conclusion The characteristics of these peaks, and in particular latency of peak N23, may provide a useful tool for assessing depth of anaesthesia produced by this, and possibly other anaesthetic agents.  相似文献   

Likely T cell receptor gene cloned     

J L Marx 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,221(4617):1278-1279

  相似文献   

Oncogene linked to cell regulatory system     

J L Marx 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4674):527-528

  相似文献   

Is hepatitis B virus a retrovirus in disguise?     

J L Marx 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,217(4564):1021-1022

  相似文献   

Kinetics of the IgM and IgG immunological response to sheep erythrocytes and bluetongue virus in mice.     

R A Oellermann  P Carter  M J Marx 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1976,43(4):185-188

The IgM and IgG response of mice to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and bluetongue virus (BTV) was determined by means of haemolytic plaque assays. Maximum primary IgM response to SRBC occurred after 4 days but declined rapidly to 4% of the maximum by Day 9. A lag period of about 2 days was observed in the appearance of IgG haemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) but they reached a maximum after 6-9 days. Secondary immunization resulted in the stimulation particularly of IgG PFC and from Day 6 onwards IgG predominated in the immunological response. The IgM response to BTV was remarkably similar to that observed when SRBC were used as antigen. IgG PFC, however, appeared within a day of the IgM, reaching a peak on Days 4-5. From then onwards, IgG PFC predominated in the response. At BTV concentrations of up to 10 mug per mouse, the virulent strain of BTV type 3 produced the weakest response. At higher antigen concentrations there was very little difference in the response to the serotypes tested, although the virulent strain of BTV type 4 tended to produce the strongest response.  相似文献