Lesions in the brains of three cattle resembling the lesions of enterotoxaemia in lambs     

RA Fairley 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):356-358

CASE HISTORY: A 3-month-old female Angus calf was found dead, and two adult Friesian dairy cows died soon after developing nervous signs.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Grossly, bilateral and mostly symmetrical areas of haemorrhage were evident that mainly involved areas of grey matter in the brainstem from the level of the caudal colliculi to the thalamus and, in one, the internal capsule and caudate nucleus. In the occipital and caudal parietal cortex, there was extensive oedema of white matter. Histologically, in addition to haemorrhage, there was protein-rich oedema around arterioles and venules in the cerebrum, hippocampus, internal capsule, thalamus, midbrain, dorsal medulla, and central cerebellar and cerebellar folial white matter. The calf's brain had bilateral and symmetrical oedema and necrosis affecting several brainstem nuclei and the occipital grey matter overlying areas of oedema of the corona radiata.

DIAGNOSIS: Although the cause was not established, the perivascular lesions resembled those produced in calves by the intravenous administration of epsilon toxin.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is possible that epsilon toxin-induced enterotoxaemia occurs naturally in cattle, and where bilateral haemorrhage is recognised in the brains of cattle, small intestinal contents should be collected for analysis of epsilon toxin.  相似文献   

Drenching adult ewes: Implications of anthelmintic treatments pre- and post-lambing on the development of anthelmintic resistance     

DM Leathwick  CM Miller  DS Atkinson  NA Haack  RA Alexander  A-M Oliver 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):297-304

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Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ES Cell–Like Cells are Capable of In Vitro Skeletal Myogenic Differentiation     

MK Singh  KP Singh  D Kumar  RA Shah  T Anand  MS Chauhan  RS Manik  SK Singla  P Palta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):284-291

When buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell–like cells that expressed surface markers SSEA‐4, TRA‐1‐60, TRA‐1‐81, CD9 and CD90 and intracellular markers OCT4, SOX2 and FOXD3, as shown by immunofluorescence, and that expressed REX‐1 and NUCLEOSTEMIN as confirmed by RT‐PCR, were subjected to suspension culture in hanging drops in absence of LIF and buffalo foetal fibroblast feeder layer support, they differentiated to form three‐dimensional embryoid bodies (EBs). Of 231 EBs examined on Day 3 of suspension culture, 141 (61.3 ± 3.09%) were of compact type, whereas 90 (38.4 ± 3.12%) were of cystic type. The cells obtained from EBs were found to express NF‐68 and NESTIN (ectodermal lineage), BMP‐4 and α‐skeletal actin (mesodermal lineage), and α‐fetoprotein, GATA‐4 and HNF‐4 (endodermal lineage). When these EBs were cultured on gelatin‐coated dishes, they spontaneously differentiated to several cell types such as epithelial‐ and neuron‐like cells. When EBs were cultured in the presence of 1 or 2% DMSO or 10^?8 m or 10^?7 m retinoic acid for 25 days, ES cells could be directed to form muscle cell–like cells, the identity of which was confirmed by expression of α‐actinin by immunofluorescence and of MYF‐5, MYOD and MYOGENIN genes by RT‐PCR. MYOD was first detected on Day 10 in both treatment groups and on Day 15 in controls, whereas MYOGENIN was first detected on Day 10, Day 15 and Day 25 in the presence of retinoic acid, in the presence of DMSO and in controls, respectively. The present study demonstrates the ability of buffalo ES cell–like cells to undergo directed differentiation to cells of skeletal myogenic lineage.  相似文献   

Comparison of concentrations of copper in plasma and serum from farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

RA Laven  PR Wilson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):166-169

AIM: To determine the relationship between the concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum in red deer, and to compare this relationship with those previously reported in cattle and sheep.

METHODS: Paired serum and heparinised plasma samples from 114 red deer from 10 herds (n=6-20 per herd) were analysed for concentrations of Cu. Samples were collected either at slaughter (n=84; eight herds) or by jugular venepuncture (n=30; two herds). Thirty-nine of the samples taken at slaughter were from adult hinds from four herds, while other samples were taken from 10–14-month-old males, except for one herd (10 samples) where an equal number of 8–9-month-old males and females were sampled. The effect of age, gender and herd on the relationship between concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum was assessed using univariate ANOVA. The individual results for concentrations of Cu in serum were compared with those in plasma, using limits-of-agreement plotting.

RESULTS: The mean concentration of Cu in plasma was not significantly different from that of serum (0.048; 95% CI=-0.14 to 0.24 µmol/L). There was no effect of age, sex or herd on this relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: In deer, there was no significant difference between concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum regardless of age, sex or herd of origin.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In contrast to the situation in cattle and sheep, the concentration of Cu in serum can be used interchangeably with that in plasma for the estimation of concentration of Cu in blood of red deer.  相似文献   

Post-vaccinal distemper encephalitis in two Border Collie cross littermates     

RA Fairley  O Knesl  PA Pesavento  BC Elias 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):117-120

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: One 4.5-month-old male Border Collie cross presented with aggression and seizures in October 2006. A 16-month-old, female, spayed Border Collie cross presented with hypersalivation and a dropped jaw and rapidly became stuporous in September 2007. The dogs were littermates and developed acute neurological signs 5 and 27 days, respectively, after vaccination with different modified live vaccines containing canine distemper virus.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Sections of brain in both dogs showed evidence of encephalitis mainly centred on the grey matter of brainstem nuclei, where there was extensive and intense parenchymal and perivascular infiltration of histiocytes and lymphocytes. Intra-nuclear and intra-cytoplasmic inclusions typical of distemper were plentiful and there was abundant labelling for canine distemper virus using immunohistochemistry.

DIAGNOSIS: Post-vaccinal canine distemper.

CLINCIAL RELEVANCE: Post-vaccinal canine distemper has mainly been attributed to virulent vaccine virus, but it may also occur in dogs whose immunologic nature makes them susceptible to disease induced by a modified-live vaccine virus that is safe and protective for most dogs.  相似文献   

苎麻生物脱胶复合菌群的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

饶维桥  陈洪高  余苗  王超群 《中国麻业科学》2012,34(3)

分别从沤麻池、苎麻脱胶厂污泥、老麻园土和腐烂麻堆等生境收集自然菌群,采用室内温水沤麻的方法检测它们的原始脱胶能力,结果表明:这些自然菌群的脱胶能力较弱,使苎麻分纤分别需要12 d、18 d、14 d和10 d,脱胶后的纤维强度极低,最高只有2.83 cN/dtex,失去了工业利用价值.将不同来源的菌群等比例混后用于脱胶试验,其分纤周期为8d,分纤时纤维强为2.58 cN/dtex.以苎麻为唯一碳源和能源对复合菌群进行长期驯化,分别在驯化至69 d、89 d、182 d和407 d发现其分纤周期缩短到了5d、4d、3d和2.2 d,而且随着分纤周期的缩短,纤维强度也逐渐提高.复合菌群驯化407d后,分纤周期稳定在50h左右,分纤状况良好,纤维强度达到了5.52 cN/dtex.  相似文献   

Patellar luxation in 70 large breed dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gibbons SE  Macias C  Tonzing MA  Pinchbeck GL  McKee WM 《The Journal of small animal practice》2006,47(1):3-9

O bjectives : To report the signalment, history, clinical features, and outcome in dogs weighing greater than 15 kg, treated surgically and non-surgically for patellar luxation. Risk factors for the development of patellar luxation, postoperative complications, and outcome were evaluated.
M ethods : Details regarding signalment, bodyweight, breed, aetiology, unilateral or bilateral luxation, duration of lameness, grade of luxation, direction of luxation, grade of lameness at presentation, concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture, method of treatment, surgical technique, surgeon, and complications were obtained from the medical records. Outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor, according to the degree of lameness.
R esults : Seventy dogs (45 males and 25 females) were included. Thirty-five had bilateral luxations (105 limbs). Mean age was two years, and mean weight was 30 kg. The relative risk for Labrador retrievers was 3·3 (P<0·001). All luxations were developmental. Luxations were medial in 102 stifles and lateral in three. Fourteen stifles had concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture. As the grade of patellar luxation increased, so did the grade of lameness (P<0·001). Surgery was performed in 70 stifles, and outcome was excellent/good in 94 per cent and fair/poor in 6 per cent of stifles. Complications occurred in 29 per cent of stifles, and increasing bodyweight was found to be a risk factor (P=0·03). Thirty-five stifles were managed non-surgically, and outcome was excellent/good in 86 per cent and fair/poor in 14 per cent of stifles.
C linical S ignificance : In view of the potential risk of postoperative complications, all surgically treated cases of patellar luxation in large breed dogs should be managed with a femoral trochleoplasty, a tibial tuberosity transposition (stabilised with K-wires and a tension band wire), and soft tissue releasing and tightening procedures.  相似文献   

Characterization and spatial distribution of particulate and soluble carbon and nitrogen from wildfire-impacted sediments     

Kaelin M. Cawley  Amanda K. Hohner  Georgina A. McKee  Thomas Borch  Pinar Omur-Ozbek  Jill Oropeza  Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(4):1314-1326

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Multi-Year Measurements of Field-Scale Metolachlor Volatilization     

John H. Prueger  Joseph Alfieri  Timothy J. Gish  William P. Kustas  Craig S. T. Daughtry  Jerry L. Hatfield  Lynn G. McKee 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(2):84

Volatilization is a critical pathway for herbicide loss from agricultural fields, and subsequently deposited downwind from the edge of the field. To better understand the volatilization process, field-scale turbulent volatilization fluxes of metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide) were quantified for 13 consecutive years using a combination of herbicide concentration profiles and eddy diffusivities derived from turbulent fluxes of heat and water vapor. Site location, type of herbicides, and agricultural management practices remained unchanged during this study in order to evaluate the effect of soil moisture on metolachlor volatilization. Twenty gravimetric surface soil moisture samples (0–5 cm) were collected immediately after herbicide application and then at 0430 hours each morning to determine the impact of surface moisture on herbicide volatilization. Five days after application, cumulative herbicide volatilization ranged from 5 to 63% of that applied for metolachlor. Metolachlor volatilization remained an important loss process more than 5 days after application when the soil surface was moist. Conversely, if the soil surface was dry, negligible volatilization occurred beyond 5 days. Furthermore, the total amount of metolachlor volatilized into the atmosphere increased exponentially with surface soil water content during application (r ²?=?0.78). Metolachlor volatility was found to be governed largely by surface soil moisture.  相似文献   

Post-cambrian trilobite diversity and evolutionary faunas     

JM Adrain  RA Fortey  SR Westrop 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5371):1922-1925

A cluster analysis of the stratigraphic distribution of all Ordovician trilobite families, based on a comprehensive taxonomic database, identified two major faunas with disjunct temporal diversity trends. The Ibex Fauna behaved as a cohort, declining through the Ordovician and disappearing at the end-Ordovician mass extinction. In contrast, the Whiterock Fauna radiated rapidly during the Middle Ordovician and gave rise to all post-Ordovician trilobite diversity. Its pattern of diversification matches that of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna; hence, trilobites were active participants in the great Ordovician radiations. Extinction patterns at the end of the Ordovician are related to clade size: Surviving trilobite families show higher genus diversity than extinguished families.  相似文献