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The frequency of fish diseases diagnosed at the Fish Disease Laboratory at the University of Berne from 1979 to 1988 is presented. Parasitic infections have been found to be the most frequent diagnosis. Among noninfectious diseases poisonings were predominant. Six infectious diseases have been considered to be economically relevant. These diseases (according to their frequency: Gyrodactylosis, Costiosis, Ichthyophthiriosis, Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS), Saprolegniosis and Furunculosis) were further analysed. Their incidence varies with season, species, origin and length of fish. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.  相似文献   
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Greasy wool production, body weight, behaviour and fertility of male, fine wool Merino sheep were studied from 10 to 21 months of age to assess their suitability for wool production. The males were either castrated (wethers), or were hemi-castrated with a vasectomy and reduction (either partially or in full) of the parenchyma of the retained testicle, or the testicles pushed up into the ingulnal canal and the scrotum shortened (induced cryptorchids). There were significant differences among all groups in body weight, with increases being associated with the larger amounts of testicular tissue present. Fertility was low in the induced cryptorchids at 19 months of age. The hemi-castrates with reduced testicular parenchyma were infertile. The hemi-castrates with reduced testicular parenchyma had significantly heavier greasy fleece weights than the wethers and induced cryptorchids, which had similar fleece weights. The wether group suffered a higher prevalence of posthitis in spring and autumn than the hemi-castrate or induced cryptorchid groups. Those hemi-castrates with the largest amount of testicular parenchyma retained and the induced cryptorchids exhibited masculine behaviour patterns and had an increased incidence of fly strike to the head. The principle of hemi-castration and reduction of the testicular parenchyma is shown to be applicable in wool producing flocks with the potential to increase greasy wool production while minimising the management and marketing limitations previously associated with induced cryptorchids.  相似文献   
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M. Geibel  D. Treutter  N. Meier 《Euphytica》1990,45(3):229-235
Summary In order to prove cultivar identity of sour cherries the flavonoids of the bark were separated with highperformance liquid-chromatography. The quantitative results were compared using the multivariate discriminant analysis. With this method 103 groups could be separated. Supposed unknown cultivars could be found by the computer in 95% of the performed test calculations.  相似文献   
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The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH and bicarbonate concentration in the activation or inhibition of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa and to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetamide, ethylene glycol, propanol, glycerol and methanol (MeOH). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of motile cells, the percentage of alive cells (by Hoechst staining) and the spermatozoa morphometry pre- and post-cryopreservation (by computer-assisted morphology analysis). Based on the above findings, three cryoprotectants (DMSO, MeOH and glycerol) were chosen and evaluated in two media (P1 and P1 modified) with different concentrations of NaHCO(3) and in the presence or absence of foetal bovine serum (FBS). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of alive and motile cells post-cryopreservation. DMSO was the cryoprotectant showing better results in relation to the percentage of spermatic alive cells post-freezing and caused a smaller modification of the head spermatozoa morphology. The combination of P1-modified medium with DMSO and containing FBS increased slightly but significantly the percentage of motile spermatozoa post-cryopreservation.  相似文献   
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Locoregional lymph nodes are routinely examined in order to define the spatial extent of neoplastic disease. As draining patterns of certain tumor types can be divergent from expected anatomical distribution, it is critical to sample the lymph nodes truly representing the draining area. The aim of this bicenter prospective pilot study was to describe the technique of computed tomographic (CT)‐lymphography for primary draining lymph node mapping in tumor staging in dogs. Forty‐five dogs with macro‐ or microscopic tumors in specified localizations were evaluated. Depending on body weight, 0.8–2 ml contrast agent (iohexol) was injected into four quadrants around the tumor, and CT‐images were obtained at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes post‐injection. Attenuation of chosen regions of interest (Hounsfield units (HU)) and patterns of enhancement were assessed for 284 lymph nodes in the precontrast study with median HUs of 31.1 (Interquartile range (IQR) = 18.4) and for 275 in the intravenous postcontrast study with 104.3 HU (IQR = 31.2) (paired Wilcoxon test, P < 0.001). In the CT‐lymphography study, 45 primary draining lymph nodes with a significantly higher median HU value of 348.5 (IQR = 591.4) (one‐sample t‐test, P < 0.001) were identified. Primary draining lymph nodes were found to be clearly visible after 1–3 minutes after local injection, often concurrent with a good visibility of the lymphatic vessel system. The herein described technique of peritumorally injected CT‐contrast agent followed by subsequent CT‐lymphography for primary draining lymph node mapping works well in a majority of cases in all investigated sites and warrants further validation for different tumor entities.  相似文献   
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