Some behavioural and physiological changes in pregnant goats and sheep during adaptation to laboratory conditions.     

R A Pearson  D J Mellor 《Research in veterinary science》1976,20(2):215-217

Eight goats and 12 sheep were examined during their first six to eight weeks in the laboratory. Plasma corticosteroid concentrations in four untamed goats and four untamed sheep were elevated during the first week but thereafter remained at basal values. In contrast, low corticosteroid concentrations were observed throughout in four tame goats and in four untamed sheep sampled only after they had been in the laboratory for two weeks. Plasma glucose concentrations were elevated during the first week in the untamed goats. In four partially tamed sheep a rise in heart rate which occurred transiently during handling for 4-6 min did not occur when these animals showed tame behaviour after two to three weeks, and in four untamed sheep a rise in plasma corticosteroid concentration, which occurred transiently when seven blood samples were taken in 90 min, did not occur when these sheep were judged to be tame after five to six weeks.  相似文献   

Preparturient changes in the pH of urine from chronically catheterized foetal sheep     

D J Mellor  J S Slater 《Research in veterinary science》1972,13(1):89-90

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A technique for chronic catheterization of the amniotic and allantoic sacs of sheep foetuses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D J Mellor 《Research in veterinary science》1970,11(1):93-95

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Dehorning and disbudding distress and its alleviation in calves     

Stafford KJ  Mellor DJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(3):335-349

Dehorning and disbudding are routine painful procedures carried out on cattle to facilitate management. The pain caused by these procedures and its alleviation may be evaluated by monitoring behaviour and physiological responses, and by measuring their effects on weight gain. The cortisol response to cautery disbudding is significantly smaller than that to amputation dehorning which infers that the latter is more painful. Amputation dehorning stimulates a defined cortisol response with a rapid rise to a peak value within 30 min followed by a decline to a plateau which then declines to pre-treatment values after about 8 h. A cornual nerve blockade using lignocaine virtually eliminates the escape behaviour seen during disbudding and dehorning and reduces the plasma cortisol response to dehorning for about 2 h. Thereafter there is an increase in the plasma cortisol concentration, a delayed response, which lasts for about 6 h. A cornual nerve blockade, using lignocaine combined with cauterizing the wound caused by amputation dehorning, virtually eliminates the cortisol response as does combining a lignocaine blockade with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen. When xylazine is combined with a cornual nerve blockade using lignocaine before dehorning, the cortisol response is virtually eliminated for about 3 h. When this regime is used before cautery disbudding and includes a NSAID given before and after disbudding the behaviour of calves so treated suggests that pain may be alleviated for 24 h. Cautery disbudding is preferable to amputation dehorning, but for optimal pain relief xylazine sedation, local anaesthesia and a NSAID should be used with both procedures.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Thymoma     

Mellanby RJ  Mellor PJ  Herrtage ME 《The Journal of small animal practice》2004,45(12):589, 626-589, 628

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Prevalence and demographic characteristics of exertional rhabdomyolysis in horses in Australia     

Cole FL  Mellor DJ  Hodgson DR  Reid SW 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(20):625-630

The proportion of the horses, of both sexes and of different ages, breeds and levels of activity, owned by a stratified random sample of Australian owners, which had suffered one or more episodes of exertional rhabdomyolysis during the previous 12 months was determined. The proportion in the general population was 1.9 per cent, and horses which exercised were significantly more likely to have experienced the condition than horses which did not. There were significant differences between the sexes and between certain breeds and activity groups in the proportions of horses affected.  相似文献   

The effects of ovariohysterectomy plus different combinations of halothane anaesthesia and butorphanol analgesia on behaviour in the bitch     

Fox SM  Mellor DJ  Stafford KJ  Lowoko CR  Hodge H 《Research in veterinary science》2000,68(3):265-274

One hundred and sixty-six behaviours were identified as possible indices of post-operative pain-induced distress in the bitch. These were assessed in bitches after treatment with different combinations of halothane and butorphanol in the absence of surgery and following ovariohysterectomy under halothane anaesthesia with or without butorphanol analgesia given at different stages during the operation. Behaviour was monitored while the bitches were alone (non-interactive) and when routinely examined and handled prior to blood sampling (interactive). Seventy-six of the 166 behaviours occurred so infrequently (less than two occurrences per hour) as to be of no value as indices. Non-interactive behaviours associated with surgery were a decrease in normal speed cage circling and an increase in drawing the rear limbs up in the pike position. The infrequent non-interactive behaviours of incision licking, vomiting and flank gazing were considered to be expressions of pain caused by ovariohysterectomy. During the post-surgical period, bitches given analgesic moved less frequently than those not receiving analgesic. Vocalisation was associated with dysphoria of analgesia rather than pain-induced distress. The behaviour of bitches after ovariohysterectomy suggests that this is a painful procedure which warrants analgesia.  相似文献   

A survey of the methods used by farmers to castrate calves in New Zealand     

Stafford KJ  Mellor DJ  McMeekan CM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2000,48(1):16-19

AIMS: To identify the methods used to castrate calves and the age at which castration is carried out on farms in New Zealand. METHODS: A survey was carried out by questionnaire sent to the 14,000 recipients of Meat Matters produced by Meat New Zealand. The questionnaires on return were analysed on a national and regional basis. RESULTS: Of the 3,788 respondents, 74% (2,825) castrated calves on their farms. Of these 2,825 respondents 85% (2,403) used a rubber ring, 18% (512) carried out surgical castration and only a few respondents, 25, used a clamp. The ring was used on calves with an average age of 2.2 months and 93% of calves castrated by ring were castrated during the first 3 months of life. Surgical castration was carried out on calves with an average age of 4.3 months, 54% of them were castrated in the first 3 months of life and 39% during the following 3 months. Respondents from the West Coast (40%), Otago (38%) and Southland (50%) were more likely to use surgical castration than respondents from elsewhere (<17%). Local anaesthetic was used by only 3% (94) of respondents and a similar percentage employed a veterinarian to do the castration. CONCLUSIONS: There are marked regional differences in methodology used for castration of calves. The survey gives a sound basis for future research into humane and cost effective methods.  相似文献   

Acute castration and/or tailing distress and its alleviation in lambs     

Mellor DJ  Stafford KJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2000,48(2):33-43

PURPOSES AND APPROACH: Acute castration and/or tailing distress in lambs has been examined extensively during the last decade. At least 59 different approaches to assessing and alleviating this distress have been reported so that the literature is quite complex. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature on castration and/or tailing distress, where the distress was assessed using acute changes in plasma cortisol concentrations. A method of analysis involving the integrated cortisol response (i.e. the areas under the cortisol curves while the plasma concentration is above pretreatment values) to each treatment and using treatments which were common to different studies as reference points, allowed meaningful comparison within and between studies. A 6-point ranking scale emerged, where rank 1 represented the least distress and rank 6 the most distress. COMPARISON OF ACUTE DISTRESS RESPONSES: This analysis revealed the following major points. Surgical methods of castration and/or tailing cause the greatest cortisol responses (rank 5 or 6). Most ring and ring plus clamp methods of castration plus tailing or castration, used without a local anaesthetic or systemic analgesic, cause rank 4 responses. One form of ring plus clamp castration (i.e. applying the clamp for 10 s across the full width of the scrotum distal to the ring in lambs aged no more than 1 week) reduces the cortisol response to rank 1. When these lambs are also tailed by applying a ring and clamp in a similar manner to the tail, they also exhibit a rank 1 response. Local anaesthetic given 10-20 or 12 min or 10-15 s before or immediately after ring only castration and/or tailing can virtually abolish the cortisol response (rank 1), depending on the site(s) of injection. For ring or ring plus clamp castration, the most effective sites (as judged by cortisol responses) are the neck of the scrotum or the testes. Delivery of local anaesthetic to achieve successful nerve blockade can be by needle, high-pressure needleless administration or, for the tail only, by an aerosol spray. Local anaesthetic injected into the scrotal neck, spermatic cords and/or testes has little effect on the overall cortisol response to clamp castration. Reductions in cortisol responses to clamp castration or to ring tailing can occur after administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Most tailing methods elicit cortisol responses that are several ranks lower than those caused by castration plus tailing or castration alone. Although tailing by most methods elicits rank 1 cortisol responses, the use of local anaesthetic or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the response within the rank 1 range. RECOMMENDATION: Farmers should be encouraged to choose the lowest ranked method that is economically and practically feasible for them. Specific methods such as surgical castration should be discouraged.  相似文献   

Neuroaxonal dystrophy in Merino‐Border Leicester × Polled Dorset lambs     

JW Finnie  IV Jerrett  J Manavis  J Cave 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(10):389-391

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