Deciphering the rhizosphere microbiome for disease-suppressive bacteria   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mendes R  Kruijt M  de Bruijn I  Dekkers E  van der Voort M  Schneider JH  Piceno YM  DeSantis TZ  Andersen GL  Bakker PA  Raaijmakers JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6033):1097-1100

Disease-suppressive soils are exceptional ecosystems in which crop plants suffer less from specific soil-borne pathogens than expected owing to the activities of other soil microorganisms. For most disease-suppressive soils, the microbes and mechanisms involved in pathogen control are unknown. By coupling PhyloChip-based metagenomics of the rhizosphere microbiome with culture-dependent functional analyses, we identified key bacterial taxa and genes involved in suppression of a fungal root pathogen. More than 33,000 bacterial and archaeal species were detected, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria consistently associated with disease suppression. Members of the γ-Proteobacteria were shown to have disease-suppressive activity governed by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Our data indicate that upon attack by a fungal root pathogen, plants can exploit microbial consortia from soil for protection against infections.  相似文献   

Brazilian spotted fever: A spatial analysis of human cases and vectors in the state of São Paulo,Brazil     

Claudia Mello Ribeiro  Veruska Maia da Costa  Jonas Lotufo Brant de Carvalho  Rodrigo Guerrero Mendes  Paula Andrea de Santis Bastos  Satie Katagiri  Marcos Amaku 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):629-636

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a highly lethal disease caused by Rickettsia spp. and is transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. Understanding the epidemiology of BSF in each region can help direct health surveillance actions. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of vectors and the incidence of BSF in the state of São Paulo. Spatial analysis included confirmed BSF cases between 2009 and 2019; occurrences were registered by municipalities of the state. There were 752 confirmed BSF cases, with incidences ranging between 0.01 and 10.37/10,000 inhabitants. Moran's Global Index for BSF was 0.20 (p = .001), which was indicative of spatial dependence. Moran's map located a cluster of 20 high priority municipalities for BSF and showed that Amblyomma sculptum is the vector involved in Rickettsia rickettsii transmission in these locations. Spatial analysis identified clusters formed by 47, 20 and seven significant municipalities for the presence of A. sculptum, Amblyomma aureolatum and Amblyomma ovale vectors, respectively. Surveillance and prevention actions are necessary in areas that are at high risk for BSF and in areas where the presence of vectors was significant.  相似文献   

Cytochemical Demonstration of "Acid" Phosphatase in Bone Marrow Smears     

Rabinovitch M  Junqueira LC  Mendes FT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,107(2778):322-323

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Carotenoid compounds in grapes and their relationship to plant water status   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oliveira C  Silva Ferreira AC  Mendes Pinto M  Hogg T  Alves F  Guedes de Pinho P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(20):5967-5971

The aim of this work was to study the relationship between carotenoid contents in grapevine berries and plant water status. For this purpose, a black grapevine variety, Vitis vinifera L. cv. Touriga Nacional, was studied. The experiments were carried out in the same Douro vineyards, with plants of the same age, in two different water retention soils. A higher water retention capacity soil, soil A, and a lower water retention capacity soil, soil B, were both in a 1.2 m deep silt-loam schist-derived soil. The training system was the double cordon trained and spur pruned. A first range was nonirrigated (NI) and a second one was irrigated (I), 60% of evapotranspiration (ET(0)). For soil B, a 30% of ET(0) treatment was also applied. The plant water status was estimated by predawn leaf water potential. The effects of plant water status on berry growth were studied by measurement of the berry weight and total soluble solids (degrees Brix). The carotenoid profile was quantitatively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array. Carotenoids determined were beta-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and luteoxanthin. The comparison between irrigated and nonirrigated grapes was followed from 2 weeks before veraison until the ripe stage. Results showed that at harvest time, berries exposed to the NI had a lower weight than those exposed to the irrigated treatment (60% of ET(0)), 0.89 vs 1.36 g/berry and 0.94 vs 1.34 g/berry, for soils A and B, respectively. The irrigated treatment contributed to a higher sugar concentration in both soils. However, depending on the soil water retention capacity, the carotenoid contents were different in soils A and B. For soil A, the total carotenoid content was similar for both NI and I treatments. However, with regard to soil B, in irrigated treatment, levels of carotenoids were approximately 60% lower than those found for the NI. It seems to be possible to produce higher weight berries (with higher sugar levels) with similar carotenoid contents. On the other hand, soil characteristics had a larger influence than irrigation on the concentration of carotenoids in grapes, resulting in an important viticultural parameter to take into account in aroma precursor formation.  相似文献   

Identification of fish species after cooking by SDS-PAGE and urea IEF: a collaborative study     

Etienne M  Jérôme M  Fleurence J  Rehbein H  Kündiger R  Mendes R  Costa H  Pérez-Martín R  Piñeiro-González C  Craig A  Mackie I  Malmheden Yman I  Ferm M  Martínez I  Jessen F  Smelt A  Luten J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):2653-2658

A collaborative study, to validate the use of SDS-PAGE and urea IEF, for the identification of fish species after cooking has been performed by nine laboratories. By following optimized standard operation procedures, 10 commercially important species (Atlantic salmon, sea trout, rainbow trout, turbot, Alaska pollock, pollack, pink salmon, Arctic char, chum salmon, and New Zealand hake) had to be identified by comparison with 22 reference samples. Some differences in the recoveries of proteins from cooked fish flesh were noted between the urea and the SDS extraction procedures used. Generally, the urea extraction procedure appears to be less efficient than the SDS extraction for protein solubilization. Except for some species belonging to the Salmonidae family (Salmo, Oncorhynchus), both of the analytical techniques tested (urea IEF, SDS-PAGE) enabled identification of the species of the samples to be established. With urea IEF, two laboratories could not differentiate Salmo salar from Salmo trutta. The same difficulties were noted for differentiation between Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Oncorhynchus keta samples. With SDS-PAGE, three laboratories had some difficulties in identifying the S. trutta samples. However, in the contrast with the previous technique, SDS-PAGE allows the characterization of most of the Oncorhynchus species tested. Only Oncorhynchus mykiss was not clearly recognized by one laboratory. Therefore, SDS-PAGE (Excel gel homogeneous 15%) appears to be better for the identification, after cooking, of fish such as the tuna and salmon species which are characterized by neutral and basic protein bands, and urea IEF (CleanGel) is better for the gadoid species, which are characterized by acid protein bands (parvalbumins). Nevertheless, in contentious cases it is preferable to use both analytical methods.  相似文献   

Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on eucalyptus: oviposition non-preference and antibiosis     

Zulene Antônio Ribeiro  Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza  Eduardo Neves Costa  José Eduardo Petrilli Mendes  Reginaldo Gonçalves Mafia  Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior 《Euphytica》2015,202(2):285-295

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External contamination of broilers by Campylobacter spp. increases from the farm to the slaughterhouse     

Â. J. Mendes  N. L. Santos-Ferreira  F. M. Costa  E. P. Lopes  J. Freitas-Silva  Â. S. Inácio 《British poultry science》2020,61(4):400-407

ABSTRACT

1. In this study, classical and molecular microbiological methods for detection and quantification of Campylobacter spp. were used to estimate their prevalence in faecal samples and skin swabs collected from 31 broiler flocks (20 farms) in Portugal, and measure the impact of transport-related factors on the expected rising excretion rates from the farm to the slaughterhouse.

2. Data on husbandry practices and transport conditions were gathered, including time in transit, distance travelled or ante-mortem plant-holding time.

3. A generalised linear mixed model was used to evaluate the significance of a potential post-transport rise in Campylobacter spp. counts and to assess risk determinants.

4. At least one flock tested positive for Campylobacter spp. in 80% of the sampled farms. At the slaughterhouse, Campylobacter spp. were detected in all faecal samples, C. jejuni being the most commonly isolated.

5. A post-transport rise of Campylobacter spp. counts from skin swabs was observed using classical microbiological methods (from a mean of 1.43 to 2.40 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) and molecular techniques (from a mean of 2.64 to 3.31 log₁₀ genome copies/cm²).

6. None of the husbandry practices or transport-related factors were found to be associated with Campylobacter spp. counts.

7. This study highlights the need for more research to better understand the multi-factorial nature of Campylobacter spp., a public health threat that was found to be highly prevalent in a sample of Portuguese poultry farms.  相似文献   

Spectral Doppler ultrasound in selecting an equine embryo receiver     

Camila Silva Costa Ferreira  Rita de Cássia Lima Morais  Amanda Bricio Pereira de Andrade  Mário Felipe A. Balaro  José Antônio Silva Ribas  Gustavo Mendes Gomes  Aline Emerim Pinna 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(6):747-752

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the RI and PI values would help in choosing the best embryo recipient, and observe whether CL vascularization would influence P4 production. During the breeding season 2018/2019, the study was conducted using 35 mares, which is used for reference to collect data for the project on the day of embryo transfer. The utilized mares were divided into five groups followed by the day after ovulation, with D0 being the day of ovulation. Therefore, the five groups are as follows: D4—mares that were on the 4th post-ovulation day; D5—mares that were on the 5th post-ovulation day; and doing so successively for D6, D7 and D8. On the day of embryo transfer, the CL of the mares that selected as recipients was evaluated by B-mode and power flow mode ultrasonography and the right and left dorsal branches of the uterine arteries by spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on the day of the embryo transfer for a dosage of P4 concentration by radioimmunoassay. No statistical difference was found between the variables when the mares were separated into pregnant and non-pregnant mares, or when they were separated by age groups. When the groups of mares were compared by the day of embryo transfer, the statistical difference was found between the groups D5 × D6 (p = .0053) and D6 × D8 (p = .0036) in RI variable. In PI variable, the statistical difference was found between the groups D4 × D8 (p = .049), D5 × D6 (p = .0446) and D6 × D8 (p = .0024). We conclude that the mares with RI measurement of uterine arteries near 1.0 are correlated to mares with high CL vascularization and elevated P4 concentration.  相似文献   

Molecular expression and identification of caprine estrogen receptor gene 1 for fertility status in bucks     

S Saraswat  SD Kharche  PK Rout  R Pawaiya  C Gangwar  DK Swain  R Kaushik 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(9):1080-1092

Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (oestrogen receptor1) responsible for better fertility. ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression and presence of ESR1 gene in fertile and low-fertile male goat breeds. We identified ESR1 gene through various molecular tools. Genotyping was carried out by high resonance melting analysis using Roche Light Cycler 480(LC-480) system and found three different genotypes. Genotypic frequency-AA (blue-0.67), BB(Red-0.2), AB(Green-0.08) with allele frequency A(0.71 and B (0.29). The predominance of this gene in head of epididymis in fertile bucks was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. From the results, we corroborated that the present study provides a useful and effective way to predict male fertility in goat breeds, which in turn increases the percentage of fertility in flock leading to more number of offspring in a kidding season.  相似文献   

Response of Passiflora setacea to Mycorrhization and Phosphate Fertilization in a Semiarid Region of Brazil     

Eliene Matos Silva  Natoniel Franklin de Melo  Alessandra Monteiro Salviano Mendes  Francisco Pinheiro de Araújo  Leonor Costa Maia 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(3):431-442

The Caatinga is a unique biome that encompasses nearly 11% of Brazil's territory and contains diverse vegetation composed of trees and bushes that have been scarcely studied from the economic perspective. In this context, Passiflora setacea may constitute a strategic alternative for agriculture because it produces fruit that has commercial potential and is tolerant to some diseases. Some species of Passiflora show more robust growth when associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and are dependent on mycorrhization. In this study, the response of P. setacea to phosphate (P) fertilization and mycorrhization with Claroideoglomus etunicatum was evaluated. The experimental design included eight replicates of four randomized treatments: non-inoculated plants (NI), plants fertilized with phosphorus (P), mycorrhized plants (AMF), and plants that were both fertilized and mycorrhized (P+AMF). The plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh biomass (FB), and dry biomass (DB) of the shoots and roots, nutrient content, mycorrhizal colonization (MC), and the number of glomerospores (NG) in the rhizosphere were evaluated. The MC and the NG were reduced by phosphate fertilization. The development of the mycorrhized plants was significantly better than the NI and P treated plants for all of the variables tested. Inoculation with C. etunicatum promoted the growth of P. setacea seedlings even in the absence of phosphate fertilization, reducing production costs and strengthening the potential of P. setacea as a viable agricultural alternative for the semiarid region.  相似文献