Assessment of anthocyanins in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries using a noninvasive chlorophyll fluorescence method     

Agati G  Meyer S  Matteini P  Cerovic ZG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1053-1061

Anthocyanins (Anths) in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries harvested at véraison from Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier cultivars were assessed nondestructively by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) excitation spectra. With increasing Anth content, less excitation light was transmitted to the deeper Chl layers, and thus the ChlF signal decreased proportionally. By applying Beer-Lambert's law, the logarithm of the ratio between the fluorescence excitation spectra (log FER) from a green and a red berry gave the in vivo absorption spectrum of Anths, which peaked at about 540 nm. Absolute quantitative nondestructive determination of Anths for each berry was obtained by the log FER calculated for two excitation wavelengths, 540 and 635 nm (absorbed and not-absorbed by Anths, respectively) of ChlF at 685 nm. Over a range of skin colors going from green to purple, the relationship between the log [ChlF(635)/ChlF(540)] and the Anth concentration of berry extracts was fairly well fitted (r 2 = 0.92) using a power function. Reflectance spectra on the same berry samples were also measured, and Anth reflectance indices, which were originally developed for apples and table grapes, were derived. The log FER Anth index was superior to the reflectance-ratio-based index, but was as good as the color index for red grapes (CIRG) calculated from the whole visible reflectance spectrum. The proposed log FER method, applied by means of suitable portable devices, may represent a new, rapid, and noninvasive tool for the assessment of grape phenolic maturity in vineyards.  相似文献   

Lipid oxidation in milk, yoghurt, and salad dressing enriched with neat fish oil or pre-emulsified fish oil     

Let MB  Jacobsen C  Meyer AS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7802-7809

This study compared the oxidative stabilities of fish-oil-enriched milk, yoghurt, and salad dressing and investigated the effects on oxidation of adding either neat fish oil or a fish-oil-in-water emulsion to these products. Milk emulsions had higher levels of a fishy off-flavor and oxidized faster, as determined by the peroxide value and volatile oxidation products, than fish-oil-enriched yoghurt and dressing, despite the fact that dressings had a higher fish oil content and were stored at room temperature. Additionally, fish-oil-enriched yoghurt generally had higher oxidative stability than fish-oil-enriched dressings, irrespective of the mode of fish oil addition. Yoghurt thus seemed to be a good delivery system of lipids containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Different effects of adding fish oil either as neat fish oil or as a fish-oil-in-water emulsion were observed for milk, yoghurt, and dressing. Yoghurt and dressing enriched with neat fish oil were more stable than those enriched with a fish-oil-in-water emulsion, whereas milk enriched with neat fish oil was less stable than milk enriched with the fish-oil-in-water emulsion. Overall, it seemed that application of neat fish oil was a good option for preserving the final quality in yoghurt and dressings, but a pre-emulsion may still be considered for the fish oil enrichment of certain food products, for example, milk.  相似文献   

Analgesic management of an eight-year-old Springer Spaniel after amputation of a thoracic limb     

West E  Andreoni V  Keeley B  Self Ia  Jones B 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(2):111-118

Analgesic agents were administered perioperatively to an eight-year-old Springer Spaniel undergoing amputation of its right thoracic limb. The amputation was carried out due to a painful, infiltrative and poorly differentiated sarcoma involving the nerves of the brachial plexus. A combination of pre-emptive and multimodal perioperative analgesic strategies was used; including intravenous (IV) infusions of fentanyl, morphine, lidocaine and ketamine.  相似文献   

Lectin Histochemical Aspects of Mucus Function in the Oesophagus of the Reticulated Python (Python reticulatus)     

W. Meyer  S. Luz    A. Schnapper 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2009,38(4):316-318

Using lectin histochemistry, the study characterizes basic functional aspects of the mucus produced by the oesophageal epithelium of the Reticulated python ( Python reticulatus ). Reaction staining varied as related to the two epithelium types present, containing goblet cells and ciliary cells. Remarkable intensities were achieved especially in the luminal mucus layer and the fine mucus covering the epithelial ciliary border for Con A (α-D-Man; α-D-Glc) as part of neutral glycoproteins, Limax flavus agglutinin (NeuNac = NeuNgc), emphasizing that water binding hyaluronan provides a hydrated interface conductive to the passage of material and UEA-I (α-L-Fuc), corroborating the view that fucose-rich highly viscous mucus is helpful against mechanical stress during prey transport.  相似文献   

Retinol-Binding Protein in Serum and Urine of Hyperthyroid Cats before and after Treatment with Radioiodine     

I. van Hoek  E. Meyer  L. Duchateau  K. Peremans  P. Smets  S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(5):1031-1037

Background: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is suggested as a clinically useful marker of renal function in cats.
Hypothesis: Serum and urinary RBP concentrations in hyperthyroid (HT) cats differ from those in healthy (H) cats; radioiodine (¹³¹I) treatment influences serum and urinary RBP concentrations in HT cats.
Animals: Ten HT and 8 H cats.
Methods: RBP concentration was evaluated in feline serum and urine samples from a prospective study.
Results: There was a significant ( P = .003) difference in the urinary RBP/creatinine (uRBP/c) ratios of H (−) and untreated HT (1.4 ± 1.5 × 10⁻² μg/mg) cats. Serum total thyroxine concentration (1.8 ± 1.9 μg/dL, 24 weeks) and uRBP/c (0.6 ± 1.0 × 10⁻² μg/mg, 24 weeks) decreased significantly ( P < .001) in HT cats at all time points after treatment with ¹³¹I, and these variables were significantly correlated with one another ( r = 0.42, P = .007). Serum RBP concentrations from HT cats (199 ± 86 μg/L) did not differ significantly ( P = .98) from those of H cats (174 ± 60) and did not change after treatment with ¹³¹I (182 ± 124 μg/L, P = .80).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The presence of urinary RBP in HT cats is a potential marker of tubular dysfunction that is correlated to thyroid status, although it is independent of circulating RBP concentrations. The decreased uRBP/c combined with the absence of changes in serum RBP after treatment suggests that the suspected tubular dysfunction was partly reversible with treatment of ¹³¹I.  相似文献   

The great tumaco, Colombia earthquake of 12 december 1979     

Herd DG  Youd TL  Meyer H  C JL  Person WJ  Mendoza C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,211(4481):441-445

Southwestern Colombia and northern Ecuador were shaken by a shal-low-focus earthquake on 12 December 1979. The magnitude 8 shock, located near Tumaco, Colombia, was the largest in northwestern South America since 1942 and had been forecast to fill a seismic gap. Thrust faulting occurred on a 280- by 130-kilometer rectangular patch of a subduction zone that dips east beneath the Pacific coast of Colombia. A 200-kilometer stretch of the coast tectonically subsided as much as 1.6 meters; uplift occurred offshore on the continental slope. A tsunami swept inland immediately after the earthquake. Ground shaking (intensity VI to IX) caused many buildings to collapse and generated liquefaction in sand fills and in Holocene beach, lagoonal, and fluvial deposits.  相似文献   

Current-induced hydrogen tautomerization and conductance switching of naphthalocyanine molecules     

Liljeroth P  Repp J  Meyer G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5842):1203-1206

The bistability in the position of the two hydrogen atoms in the inner cavity of single free-base naphthalocyanine molecules constitutes a two-level system that was manipulated and probed by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. When adsorbed on an ultrathin insulating film, the molecules can be switched in a controlled fashion between the two states by excitation induced by the inelastic tunneling current. The tautomerization reaction can be probed by resonant tunneling through the molecule and is expressed as considerable changes in the conductivity of the molecule. We also demonstrated a coupling of the switching process so that the charge injection in one molecule induced tautomerization in an adjacent molecule.  相似文献   

Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels     

Diabetes Genetics Initiative of Broad Institute of Harvard  MIT  Lund University    Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research  Saxena R  Voight BF  Lyssenko V  Burtt NP  de Bakker PI  Chen H  Roix JJ  Kathiresan S  Hirschhorn JN  Daly MJ  Hughes TE  Groop L  Altshuler D  Almgren P  Florez JC  Meyer J  Ardlie K  Bengtsson Boström K  Isomaa B  Lettre G  Lindblad U  Lyon HN  Melander O  Newton-Cheh C  Nilsson P  Orho-Melander M  Råstam L  Speliotes EK  Taskinen MR  Tuomi T  Guiducci C  Berglund A  Carlson J  Gianniny L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5829):1331-1336

New strategies for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) require improved insight into disease etiology. We analyzed 386,731 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1464 patients with T2D and 1467 matched controls, each characterized for measures of glucose metabolism, lipids, obesity, and blood pressure. With collaborators (FUSION and WTCCC/UKT2D), we identified and confirmed three loci associated with T2D-in a noncoding region near CDKN2A and CDKN2B, in an intron of IGF2BP2, and an intron of CDKAL1-and replicated associations near HHEX and in SLC30A8 found by a recent whole-genome association study. We identified and confirmed association of a SNP in an intron of glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) with serum triglycerides. The discovery of associated variants in unsuspected genes and outside coding regions illustrates the ability of genome-wide association studies to provide potentially important clues to the pathogenesis of common diseases.  相似文献   

Diversity in attitudes toward farming and patterns of work among farm women: A regional comparison     

Peggy F. Barlett  Linda Lobao  Katherine Meyer 《Agriculture and Human Values》1999,16(4):343-354

Attention to diversity in women's attitudes toward farming and in women's patterns of farm work activity expands our understanding of the linkage between agrarian structure, regional history, and the behavior and values of individual farm women. We combine several disciplinary and methodological approaches to reveal patterns in work and values in a Southern case and then verify the existence of similar patterns in the Midwest. Two divergent conceptions of women's relationship to farm and marital partnership were found in a Georgia study, the agrarian and the industrial, and we explore how they emerged in the context of the political and economic history of the South. We find these marital models are linked today to different patterns of farm work. We then extend the Georgia analysis to a statewide survey of Ohio farm women, where attitudinal diversity is not as marked, due to the stronger agrarian traditions of the Midwest and its distinct political economy. We find similar patterns, however, in Ohio farm women's work and affirm the validity of Carbert's categorization of Rosenfeld's survey items. Attention to diversity in the work patterns, values, and attitudes of farm women highlights that the term traditional is a misnomer when applied to Southern women and reinforces the value of multi-disciplinary approaches and regional comparisons.  相似文献   

Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition     

Holger Fischer  Kai‐Uwe Eckhardt  Axel Meyer  Günter Neumann  Peter Leinweber  Klaus Fischer  Yakov Kuzyakov 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(1):67-79

The aim of this study was to assess differences in rhizodeposition quantity and composition from maize cropped on soil or on 1:1 (w/w) soil–sand mixture and distribution of recently assimilated C between roots, shoots, soil, soil solution, and CO₂ from root respiration. Maize was labeled in ¹⁴CO₂ atmosphere followed by subsequent simultaneous leaching and air flushing from soil. ¹⁴C was traced after 7.5 h in roots and shoots, soil, soil solution, and soil‐borne CO₂. Rhizodeposits in the leachate of the first 2 h after labeling were identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS). Leachate from soil–sand contained more ¹⁴C than from soil (0.6% vs. 0.4%) and more HPLC‐detectable carboxylates (4.36 vs. 2.69 μM), especially acetate and lactate. This is either because of root response to lower nutrient concentrations in the soil–sand mixture or decreasing structural integrity of the root cells during the leaching process, or because carboxylates were more strongly sorbed to the soil compared to carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, Py‐FIMS total ion intensity was more than 2 times higher in leachate from soil than from soil–sand, mainly due to signals from lignin monomers. HPLC‐measured concentrations of total amino acids (1.33 μM [soil] vs. 1.03 μM [soil–sand]) and total carbohydrates (0.73 vs. 0.34 μM) and ¹⁴CO₂ from soil agreed with this pattern. Higher leachate concentrations from soil than from soil–sand for HPLC‐measured carbohydrates and amino acids and for the sum of substances detected by Py‐FIMS overcompensated the higher sorption in soil than in sand‐soil. A parallel treatment with blow‐out of the soil air but without leaching indicated that nearly all of the rhizodeposits in the treatment with leaching face decomposition to CO₂. Simultaneous application of three methods—¹⁴C‐labeling and tracing, HPLC, and Py‐FIMS—enabled us to present the budget of rhizodeposition (¹⁴C) and to analyze individual carbohydrates, carboxylates, and amino acids (HPLC) and to scan all dissolved organic substances in soil solution (Py‐FIMS) as dependent on nutrient status.  相似文献