Exploring the Role of Management in the Coproduction of Ecosystem Services from Spanish Wooded Rangelands     

Mario Torralba  Elisa Oteros-Rozas  Gerardo Moreno  Tobias Plieninger 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(5):549-559

The wood pastures or hardwood rangelands of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula are complex social-ecological systems created from the long-term interaction of society and the landscape. Dehesa, oak woodlands managed for grazing, cropping, and other forms of production, is the most common rangeland system and one of the most distinctive landscapes. Traditionally characterized by multifunctional low-intensity management that enhances a wide range of ecosystem services, current management has shifted from the traditional toward more intensified models. This paper assesses the coproduction of ecosystem services on dehesa properties by exploring the relationship between biophysical and sociocultural factors and dehesa management practices. Based on 42 surveys we analyze 16 quantitative indicators using multivariate techniques. The results indicate that there are four main dehesa types as defined by their characteristics and management: large heterogeneous operations with diverse products; small and homogeneous operations focused on a reduced number of products; medium-large properties focused on crop production; and midsized properties with easy public access. Management is the result of the dynamics of interacting biophysical and sociocultural factors that influence manager priorities and investments. Management decisions group around the degree of multifunctionality of the operation, the relative importance of crop production, the degree of grazing pressure in the system, and how restrictive public access policy is. We find that in the study area, interactions between all the previously mentioned elements covary consistently, generating bundles of ecosystem services associated with each of three management models based on the intensity of management.  相似文献   

Earthworm communities in native savannas and man-made pastures of the Eastern Plains of Colombia     

J. J. Jiménez  A. G. Moreno  T. Decaëns  P. Lavelle  M. J. Fisher  R. J. Thomas 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1998,28(1):101-110

 The structure and seasonal changes of earthworm communities were evaluated in a natural savanna and in a improved grass-legume pasture in a Colombian oxisol over a period of 18 months. One plot of 90×90 m was isolated in each of the systems and each month five samples of 1 m²×0.5 m and ten of 20×20×20 cm were randomly selected from a stratified block design. Species richness was similar in the two evaluated plots (seven species), whereas diversity measured by the index, H (Shannon and Weaver 1949) was clearly different, i.e. H=2.89 in natural savanna and H=1.29 in pasture. This is explained by differences in earthworm community structure. The average annual density in the savanna was 49.8, ranging from 10.8 to 135.8 individuals (ind) m^–2, and biomass was 3.3 g m^–2 (hand-sorting method), ranging from 0.9 to 11.5 g m^–2. In the man-made pasture, density was 80.1 ind m^–2 on average, ranging from 24 to 215.8 ind m^–2 and biomass was more than tenfold higher, ranging from 29.2 to 110.4 g m^–2. This was especially due to the presence of a large glossoscolecid anecic species, Martiodrilus carimaguensis Jiménez and Moreno, which has been greatly favoured by conversion of savanna to pasture. Endogeic species were dominant in the natural savanna whereas the anecic species accounted for 88% of total earthworm biomass in the pasture. Total earthworm density and biomass were significantly different in the two systems studied (t-test). The results indicate a clearly positive response of earthworm communities to improved pastures, a type of land use that is being increasingly adopted in moist neotropical savannas. Received: 20 October 1997  相似文献   

Enhanced resistance to bacterial infection byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica in transgenic potato plants expressing the attacin or the cecropin SB-37 genes     

Patricio Arce  Mauricio Moreno  Mónica Gutierrez  Marlene Gebauer  Paola Dell’Orto  Hebert Torres  Ivette Acuña  Pauline Oliger  Alejandro Venegas  Xavier Jordana  Julio Kalazich  Loreto Holuigue 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(3):169-177

Blackleg and soft rot diseases, caused by the bacteriumErwinia carotovora, are among the diseases that cause important losses in culture and storage of potato. In this paper, we introduced bacterial resistance into potato, via genes encoding for proteins with antibacterial activity. For this purpose, potato clones were transformed either with the gene encoding the acidic attacin protein fromHyalophora cecropia, or with the gene encoding the cecropin analog peptide SB37. These clones were evaluated for soft rot and blackleg resistance, after inoculation with the bacterial strainErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica T7. Results reported in this paper indicate that a considerable percentage of the potato clones (15–22%) showed increased resistance to bacterial infection, revealed by reduced severity of blackleg or soft rot symptoms. Expression of the transgenes was demonstrated in some of the clones by Northern blot analysis. This is the first report indicating that expression of the gene encoding for an attacin protein and for the cecropin SB-37 peptide in transgenic potato confers increased resistance to bacterial infection.  相似文献   

Growth and feeding of Patagonian pejerrey Odontesthes hatcheri reared in net cages     

Juan Pablo Hualde  Walter Damián Ceferino Torres  Pablo Moreno  Mirna Ferrada  Mariela Ana Demicheli  Leonardo Javier Molinari  Carlos Marcelo Luquet 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):754-763

An experiment was performed to evaluate the performance of Patagonian pejerrey during net cage rearing in the oligomesotrophic reservoir Exequiel Ramos Mexía. Survival, growth, nutrition and reproduction were evaluated for two lots of pejerrey, initial weights 4.0 and 2.5 g, reared in net cages for 22 and 14 months respectively. Fish were stocked at 29 and 48 individuals m^?3 densities and fed with an experimental pejerrey feed. During the experiment, temperature fluctuated between 6.6 and 19.6 °C. The two lots did not show substantial differences in survival (pooled survival at the end of the experiment >80%) and the thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), daily feed intake and feeding efficiency were 0.43±0.19, 1.70±0.80 and 53.6±9.9 respectively. Digestive tract analysis showed that caged pejerrey can consume substantial quantities of natural food, taking advantage of its planktivorous condition. Pejerrey showed high percentage survival, slow growth and early sexual maturation in captivity. The use of the TGC is proposed as a model for describing the growth pattern of this species and other pejerrey under culture conditions.  相似文献   

Energy analysis of irrigation delivery systems: monitoring and evaluation of proposed measures for improving energy efficiency   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

M. A. Moreno  J. F. Ortega  J. I. Córcoles  A. Martínez  J. M. Tarjuelo 《Irrigation Science》2010,28(5):445-460

In Spain, the Ministry of Industry is implementing actions for analyzing the energy efficiency of Water User Associations (WUAs) by using energy indicators and proposing measures to improve the use of energy. The main objective of this work was to develop tools to improve energy efficiency in WUAs. These tools were validated by utilizing them in the energy analysis of 15 WUAs located in Castilla-La Mancha Region (Spain) during the 2007 irrigation season. These tools were also utilized for the proposal of measures to improve the use of energy. The proposed measures were monitored and evaluated in 7 of the 15 WUAs during the 2008 irrigation season. The developed tools were integrated into a Decision Support System for performing energy analysis and for proposing measures of energy efficiency improvement. In most of the study cases, an improvement of the energy efficiency after the implementation of the proposed measures was detected, with an average energy saving of the 10.2%.  相似文献   

新农科背景下《动物遗传学》课程思政资源挖掘与应用     

彭夏雨  张永生  赵静  皮文辉  赵宗胜 《畜牧兽医杂志》2024,43(2):116-120

新农科建设提出以来,对涉农专业人才培养提出了更高的要求。《动物遗传学》作为畜牧专业主干基础课程,如何对课程思政资源进行有效挖掘和应用,实现知识和价值目标的有机融合,以适应新农科背景下对创新型畜牧人才培养的要求,是本课程组近年来一直探索并实践的方向。本文通过介绍课程组在结合遗传发展史中的重要事件、人物、生产实际案例以及最新科研成果,剖析思政资源与遗传知识的结合点,深入挖掘课程思政元素的教学实例,以期为动物遗传学的思政教学改革提供参考。  相似文献   

有机物料输入对关中土碳氮影响的后效作用     

柳媛媛  孙本华    皮小敏  张彤勋  刘平静  高明霞  冯浩     《水土保持研究》2018,25(4):71-76

土壤有机碳氮是土壤肥力的关键因素,有机物料施用是提高土壤有机碳氮的有效措施。研究和比较了不同有机物料输入对土耕层（0—20 cm）土壤有机碳、全氮、可溶性有碳氮及0—200 cm剖面土壤硝态氮和含水量分布变化的后效作用。结果表明,停止施入有机物料两年后,与对照（CK）相比,秸秆与氮磷肥配施（SNP）和生物炭与氮磷肥配施（BNP）的表层（0—20 cm）土壤有机碳（SOC）分别提高了29.5%和29.8%（p<0.05）;氮磷肥（NP）、有机肥与氮磷肥配施（MNP）、秸秆与氮磷肥配施（SNP）和生物炭与氮磷肥配施（BNP）的表层土壤全氮含量较CK分别提高了22.0%,14.3%,24.2%和26.4%（p<0.05）。BNP处理的土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）显著高于其他处理（p<0.05）,分别比CK,NP,MNP和SNP提高了23.4%,10.9%,21.3%,20.5%;所有施肥处理的土壤可溶性有机氮（DON）均显著高于CK（p<0.05）,分别提高了39.3%,29.3%,34.5%和52.3%。与CK相比,各施肥处理显著提高了表层土壤硝态氮含量（p<0.05）,增加了0—100 cm土层的硝态氮累积量。与NP处理相比,MNP和SNP显著提高了0—200 cm土层的硝态氮累积量（p<0.05）,而BNP则差异不显著。相比CK,施肥处理（NP,MNP,SNP,BNP）可显著提高0—20 cm土层的含水量,增加0—40 cm土层的储水量,且BNP处理显著高于SNP和MNP。总体而言,生物炭在提高和维持表层土壤肥力以及降低剖面硝态氮淋溶风险等方面的后效作用显著优于秸秆和有机肥,是陕西关中地区旱地土上一种较好的有机物料施用方式。  相似文献   

不同时期叶面喷施萘乙酸对秋芝麻品种赣芝13号产量及种子质量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

孙建  熊书敏  皮晓玲  乐美旺  饶月亮  颜廷献  颜小文  周红英 《南方农业学报》2018,49(7):1318-1323

[目的]探讨苗期和花期叶面喷施萘乙酸(NAA)对秋芝麻产量及种子质量的影响,为秋芝麻高产栽培和种子繁育提供理论参考.[方法]以秋芝麻品种赣芝13号为试验材料,设叶面喷施清水(CK)及苗期(T1)、花期(T2)及苗期和花期重复喷施(T3)10 mg/L NAA溶液4个处理,成熟后测定上、中、下部蒴果的每蒴粒数及粒重等产量性状,并测定不同部位种子的发芽性状.[结果]不同时期叶面喷施NAA均能促使秋芝麻赣芝13号的株高和始蒴高度变高,空稍尖长度和果轴长度变长,单株蒴果数和每蒴粒数增加,但均与CK差异不显著(P>0.05,下同).与CK相比,不同时期叶面喷施NAA后,T1、T2和T3处理的千粒重分别增加5.58%、5.15%和6.44%,单株产量分别增加8.76%、5.15%和16.24%,单位面积产量分别增加10.96%、10.97%和24.72%,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同).叶面喷施NAA还能显著增加赣芝13号植株上部蒴果的每蒴粒数和千粒重,显著提高上部蒴果种子的发芽率、苗高、根长和苗鲜重,提高种子质量,均以T3处理的效果较佳;但对中部和下部蒴果的相关性状影响不显著.[结论]叶面喷施NAA能显著提高赣芝13号的千粒重和单株产量,达到显著增产效果,苗期和花期重复喷施的作用效果优于苗期或花期单次喷施,其主要体现在显著提高上部蒴果的每蒴粒数和籽粒千粒重,使种子质量显著提高.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of glyphosate resistance and response to alternative herbicide‐based management in populations of the three Conyza species introduced in southern Spain          下载免费PDF全文

Ignacio Amaro‐Blanco  Pablo Tomás Fernández‐Moreno  María Dolores Osuna‐Ruiz  Fernando Bastida  Rafael De Prado 《Pest management science》2018,74(8):1925-1937

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Baseline susceptibility of Mediterranean strains of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) to cyantraniliprole          下载免费PDF全文

Inmaculada Moreno  Ana Belando  Carolina Grávalos  Pablo Bielza 《Pest management science》2018,74(7):1552-1557

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