Genetic data from avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses generated by the European network of excellence (EPIZONE) between 2006 and 2011--review and recommendations for surveillance     

Dundon WG  Heidari A  Fusaro A  Monne I  Beato MS  Cattoli G  Koch G  Starick E  Brown IH  Aldous EW  Briand FX  Le Gall-Reculé G  Jestin V  Jørgensen PH  Berg M  Zohari S  Metreveli G  Munir M  Ståhl K  Albina E  Hammoumi S  Gil P  de Almeida RS  Smietanka K  Domańska-Blicharz K  Minta Z  Van Borm S  van den Berg T  Martin AM  Barbieri I  Capua I;EPIZONE Network of Excellence Molecular Epidemiology of AI;APMV working group 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,154(3-4):209-221

Since 2006, the members of the molecular epidemiological working group of the European "EPIZONE" network of excellence have been generating sequence data on avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses from both European and African sources in an attempt to more fully understand the circulation and impact of these viruses. This review presents a timely update on the epidemiological situation of these viruses based on sequence data generated during the lifetime of this project in addition to data produced by other groups during the same period. Based on this information and putting it all into a European context, recommendations for continued surveillance of these important viruses within Europe are presented.  相似文献   

Leaf-trait responses to irrigation of the endemic fog-oasis tree Myrcianthes ferreyrae: can a fog specialist benefit from regular watering?     

Ramírez DA  Balaguer L  Mancilla R  González V  Coaguila D  Talavera C  Villegas L  Ortega A  Jiménez P  Moreno JM 《Tree physiology》2012,32(1):65-73

Myrcianthes ferreyrae is an endemic, endangered species, with a small number of individuals located only in hyperarid, fog-oases known as lomas along the Peruvian desert in southern Peru, where fog is the main source of water. Following centuries of severe deforestation, reforestation with this native species was conducted in the Atiquipa lomas, Arequipa-Perú. On five slopes, five 2-year-old seedlings were irrigated monthly with water trapped by raschel-mesh fog collectors, supplementing natural rainfall with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm month(-1) from February to August 2008. We measured plant growth, increment in basal diameter, height and five leaf traits: leaf mass area (LMA), leaf carbon isotope composition (δ(13)C), nitrogen per leaf area, total leaf carbon and stomatal density; which are indicative of the physiological changes resulting from increased water supply. Plant growth rates, estimated from the variation of either shoot basal diameter or maximum height, were highly correlated with total biomass. Only LMA and δ(13)C were higher in irrigated than in control plants, but we found no further differences among irrigation treatments. This threshold response suggests an on-off strategy fitted to exploit pulses of fog water, which are always limited in magnitude in comparison with natural rain. The absence of a differential response to increased water supply is in agreement with the low phenotypic plasticity expected in plants from very stressful environments. Our results have practical implications for reforestation projects, since irrigating with 20 mm per month is sufficient to achieve the full growth capacity of this species.  相似文献   

Novel swine influenza virus subtype H3N1 in Italy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ana Moreno  Ilaria Barbieri  Enrica Sozzi  Andrea Luppi  Davide Lelli  Guerino Lombardi  Maria Grazia Zanoni  Paolo Cordioli 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(3-4):361-367

To date, three subtypes of swine influenza viruses, H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 have been isolated in Italy. In 2006, a novel swine influenza virus subtype (H3N1) was isolated from coughing pigs. RT-PCR performed on lung tissues, experimental infection in pigs with the novel isolate, and cloning the virus by plaque assay confirmed this unique H and N combination. The novel isolate was also antigenically and genetically characterized. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis showed that the complete HA gene of the H3N1 strain has the highest nucleotide identity to three Italian H3N2 strains, one isolated in 2001 and two in 2004, whereas the full length NA sequence is closely related to three H1N1 subtype viruses isolated in Italy in 2004. The remaining genes are also closely related to respective genes found in H1N1 and H3N2 SIVs currently circulating in Italy. This suggests that the novel SIV could be a reassortant between the H3N2 and H1N1 SIVs circulating in Italy.  相似文献   

景墙在景观环境中的功能属性     

皮微  杨柳青 《现代农业科技》2012,(6):243+246

通过挖掘景墙在景观环境中的功能,阐述了相应功能的表达方式,列举了相关场所对景墙的功能要求。  相似文献   

响应曲面法对蛹虫草多糖超声提取工艺的优化效果     

邓黎  周同永  韩涛  赵晓辉  皮立  韩发 《贵州农业科学》2012,(8):187-190

为了优化蛹虫草多糖超声提取工艺,采用响应曲面法,根据中心旋转试验设计,研究超声提取时间、提取温度和液料比等工艺条件对提取率的影响。结果表明:蛹虫草多糖超声提取最佳工艺条件为超声提取时间65min、温度80℃、液固比32mL/g、提取2次,提取率可达3.89%。  相似文献   

论农产品加工业对县域经济的促进作用     

皮业林 《湖南农业科学》2012,(5):78-80,84

分析了湖南省农产品加工业的发展现状,指出了湖南省农产品加工业发展中存在的问题,阐述了农产品加工业具有壮大县域工业经济、增加县级财政收入、转移农村劳动力和提供就业岗位、增加农民收入等作用,并从原料基地建设、加工产能布局、技术创新提升、发展现代物流4个方面提出了依托农产品加工业促进县域经济发展的对策。  相似文献   

Astroviruses as causative agents of poultry enteritis: genetic characterization and longitudinal studies on field conditions     

Canelli E  Cordioli P  Barbieri I  Catella A  Pennelli D  Ceruti R  Moreno A  Lavazza A 《Avian diseases》2012,56(1):173-182

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Effects of lactose and yeast-dried milk on growth performance, fecal microbiota, and immune parameters of nursery pigs     

Tran H  Moreno R  Hinkle EE  Bundy JW  Walter J  Burkey TE  Miller PS 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(9):3049-3059

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lactose alone or in combination with a yeast-dried milk product (50% dried near-dated milk and 50% dried yeast) on growth performance, fecal microbiota, and immune status in nursery pigs (Sus scrofa). A total of 108 pigs (age, 20 ± 1 d; initial BW, 6.07 ± 0.03 kg) were randomly allotted to 18 pens (6 pigs/pen; 6 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were: 1) control, 2) control + lactose, and 3) control + lactose + 5% yeast-dried milk. Except for the control diet, diets in Phase 1 (wk 1 and 2), 2 (wk 3 and 4), and 3 (wk 5) contained 20, 15, and 5% total lactose, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all pigs at d 0, 14, 28, and 35 to determine circulating IgG, IgA, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations. At d 0, 7, and 14, fecal samples were collected (n = 18; 6 pigs/treatment) to evaluate fecal microbiota using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Compared with pigs fed the control diet, pigs fed lactose and lactose with yeast-dried milk had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and tended (P = 0.07) to have greater BW and ADFI during Phase 1. There were no differences for BW, ADG, or ADFI during Phase 2, 3, or the overall experimental period. A main effect of treatment was observed for circulating IgA where control pigs had greater (P < 0.01) IgA compared with pigs fed lactose with or without yeast-dried milk; however, no effects of treatment were observed (P > 0.10) for circulating IgG or TNF-α. No differences (P > 0.10) in microbial diversity indices were observed on d 7 or 14 among treatments. However, a shift in microbial composition was observed on d 7, with lactose-fed pigs having greater (P < 0.05) putative L. johnsonii staining intensity compared with control pigs and pigs fed lactose plus yeast-dried milk. On d 14, L. delbrueckii was eliminated (P < 0.04) by feeding lactose with or without yeast-dried milk. This research indicates that growth performance, immune status, and fecal microbiota are affected by dietary inclusion of lactose alone, or in combination with yeast-dried milk.  相似文献   

基于滑模观测器的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制的研究     

黄飞  皮佑国 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,(2)

简要论述滑模观测器的理论基础,根据PMSM的数学模型,建立基于滑模观测器的PMSM无传感器控制的系统模型.根据滑模观测器原理,通过电机的定子电压和相电流估算出电机的转角和转速.利用MATLAB工具建立无位置传感器的永磁同步电动机调速系统的仿真平台,仿真实验检验滑模观测器法的有效性.在采用DSP2812的伺服控制平台上,验证滑模观测器法的正确性和可行性.实验结果表明滑模观测器法具有良好的动静态性能.  相似文献   

河源独头火蒜与独头蒜挥发成分测定     

李叶青  皮小弟 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(19)

[目的]了解河源火蒜与普通蒜的香气成分差异。[方法]采用静态顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱联用法(SHS-GC-MS)对河源独头火蒜和独头蒜的挥发性物质及含量进行分析。[结果]该试验条件下,共检出独头蒜挥发性风味成分主要有23种,12种为含硫化合物,其中主要成分是二烯丙基三硫醚(25.11%)、二烯丙基二硫醚(19.78%)、3,4-二甲基-1,2-二硫环戊烯酮(18.65%)、二氧化硫(5.20%)、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫环戊烯(2.61%)、烯丙基甲基硫醚(2.31%)、2-乙烯基-1,3-二噻烷(2.07%)、2-恶唑烷硫酮(2.00%)、甲硫基乙腈(1.78%)、硫氰酸乙酯(1.28%),共占总含量81.73%;共检出独头火蒜主要挥发性风味成分也为23种,14种为含硫化合物,其中主要成分是二烯丙基三硫醚(38.03%)、二烯丙基二硫醚(22.63%)、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫环戊烯(7.95%)、3,4-二甲基-1,2-二硫环戊烯酮(7.55%)、二氧化硫(4.08%)、甲硫基乙腈(4.04%)、二烯丙基硫醚(2.99%)、异硫氰甲酸甲酯(2.08%)、硫氰酸乙酯(1.49%)、烯丙基甲基硫醚(1.41%)、硫化丙烯(1.25%)、2-乙烯基-1,3-二噻烷(1.15%),共占总含量95.59%。[结论]河源独头火蒜的挥发性物质的数量和含量比普通独头蒜都高。  相似文献