The influence of age and body mass index on relative accuracy of energy intake among Japanese adults     

Okubo H  Sasaki S  Hirota N  Notsu A  Todoriki H  Miura A  Fukui M  Date C 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(5):651-657

OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between the ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR) and age and body mass index (BMI) among Japanese adults. DESIGN: Energy intake was assessed by 4-day semi-weighed diet records in each of four seasons (16 days in total). The EI/BMR ratio was calculated from reported energy intake and estimated basal metabolic rate as an indicator of reporting accuracy. SETTING: Residents in three areas in Japan, namely Osaka (urban), Nagano (rural inland) and Tottori (rural coastal). SUBJECTS: One hundred and eighty-three healthy Japanese men and women aged > or =30 years. RESULTS: The oldest age group (> or =60 years) had higher EI/BMR values than the youngest age group (30-39 years) in both sexes (1.74 vs. 1.37 for men; 1.65 vs. 1.43 for women). In multiple regression analyses, age correlated positively (partial correlation coefficient, beta = 0.012, P < 0.001 for men; beta = 0.011, P < 0.001 for women) and BMI correlated negatively (beta = -0.031, P < 0.001 for men; beta = -0.025, P < 0.01 for women) with EI/BMR. CONCLUSION: Age and BMI may influence the relative accuracy of energy intake among Japanese adults.  相似文献   

Innate lymphoid cells promote anatomical containment of lymphoid-resident commensal bacteria     

Sonnenberg GF  Monticelli LA  Alenghat T  Fung TC  Hutnick NA  Kunisawa J  Shibata N  Grunberg S  Sinha R  Zahm AM  Tardif MR  Sathaliyawala T  Kubota M  Farber DL  Collman RG  Shaked A  Fouser LA  Weiner DB  Tessier PA  Friedman JR  Kiyono H  Bushman FD  Chang KM  Artis D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6086):1321-1325

The mammalian intestinal tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are anatomically restricted to specific niches. However, the mechanisms that regulate anatomical containment remain unclear. Here, we show that interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are present in intestinal tissues of healthy mammals. Depletion of ILCs resulted in peripheral dissemination of commensal bacteria and systemic inflammation, which was prevented by administration of IL-22. Disseminating bacteria were identified as Alcaligenes species originating from host lymphoid tissues. Alcaligenes was sufficient to promote systemic inflammation after ILC depletion in mice, and Alcaligenes-specific systemic immune responses were associated with Crohn's disease and progressive hepatitis C virus infection in patients. Collectively, these data indicate that ILCs regulate selective containment of lymphoid-resident bacteria to prevent systemic inflammation associated with chronic diseases.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of two high-palmitic-acid mutant loci induced by X-ray irradiation in soybean     

Toyoaki Anai  Tomoki Hoshino  Naoko Imai  Yutaka Takagi 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):631-638

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Fine-scale effects of habitat loss and fragmentation despite large-scale gene flow for some regionally declining woodland bird species   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Katherine A. Harrisson  Alexandra Pavlova  J. Nevil Amos  Naoko Takeuchi  Alan Lill  James Q. Radford  Paul Sunnucks 《Landscape Ecology》2012,27(6):813-827

Habitat loss and associated fragmentation effects are well-recognised threats to biodiversity. Loss of functional connectivity (mobility, gene flow and demographic continuity) could result in population decline in altered habitat, because smaller, isolated populations are more vulnerable to extinction. We tested whether substantial habitat reduction plus fragmentation is associated with reduced gene flow in three ??decliner?? woodland-dependent bird species (eastern yellow robin, weebill and spotted pardalote) identified in earlier work to have declined disproportionately in heavily fragmented landscapes in the Box-Ironbark forest region in north-central Victoria, Australia. For these three decliners, and one ??tolerant?? species (striated pardalote), we compared patterns of genetic diversity, relatedness, effective population size, sex-ratios and genic (allele frequency) differentiation among landscapes of different total tree cover, identified population subdivision at the regional scale, and explored fine-scale genotypic (individual-based genetic signature) structure. Unexpectedly high genetic connectivity across the study region was detected for ??decliner?? and ??tolerant?? species. Power analysis simulations suggest that moderate reductions in gene flow should have been detectable. However, there was evidence of local negative effects of reduced habitat extent and structural connectivity: slightly lower effective population sizes, lower genetic diversity, higher within-site relatedness and altered sex-ratios (for weebill and eastern yellow robin) in 10 × 10?km ??landscapes?? with low vegetation cover. We conclude that reduced structural connectivity in the Box-Ironbark ecosystem may still allow sufficient gene flow to avoid the harmful effects of inbreeding in our study species. Although there may still be negative consequences of fragmentation for demographic connectivity, the high genetic connectivity of mobile bird species in this system suggests that reconnecting isolated habitat patches may be less important than increasing habitat extent and/or quality if these need to be traded off.  相似文献   

Adenosine and ATP affect LPS-induced cytokine production in canine macrophage cell line DH82 cells     

Fujimoto Y  Nakatani N  Kubo T  Semi Y  Yoshida N  Nakajima H  Iseri T  Azuma YT  Takeuchi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(1):27-34

Macrophages are essential for controlling the majority of infections, and are mediators of natural immunity. During infection, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adenosine and ATP released into the extracellular space by immunological stimuli have been shown to regulate various immune functions. More recently, it has been shown adenosine and ATP have a critical role on the physiological negative feedback mechanism for limitation and termination of tissue-specific and systemic inflammatory responses. It was useful and meaningful to gain information about interaction between LPS, which generates the inflammation, and adenosine and ATP, which terminate the inflammation. We evaluate effects of adenosine and ATP on the production of cytokines related to inflammation in canine macrophage cell line DH82 cells. Adenosine and ATP respectively increased the production of IL-10 without affecting the production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 in DH82 cells. In addition, adenosine and ATP prevented the production of LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 in DH82 cells. In contrast, adenosine and ATP potentiated LPS-induced IL-10 production in DH82 cells. Moreover, adenosine, but not ATP inhibited LPS-induced expression of TLR4 in DH82 cells. These results suggest that conditions related to increased adenosine and/or ATP may play an important role in the inflammatory reactions.  相似文献   

Myocardial injury-related changes in plasma NT-proBNP and ANP concentrations in a canine model of ischemic myocardial injury     

Hori Y  Ohshima N  Chikazawa S  Kanai K  Hoshi F  Itoh N  Higuchi S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,191(1):46-51

Serial changes in plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations are unknown in dogs with myocardial injury. The time-course secretory responses between NT-proBNP and ANP or cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) related to myocardial infarction (MI) were investigated in this study. Six dogs were anaesthetised and the left anterior descending artery was ligated. A transient decrease in cardiac function was detected 1h after MI but returned to baseline levels within 7 days and remained so for 6 months. Echocardiographic examination revealed focal ventricular dyskinesis throughout the study. Six months following MI, the left atrium to aorta ratio increased significantly although the relative wall thickness decreased significantly from baseline. Significantly elevated plasma NT-proBNP and cTnT concentrations were detected 1 day after MI and these gradually decreased over 28 days to baseline levels without left ventricular pressure elevation. Plasma ANP was elevated significantly 6 months after MI. The NT-proBNP assay is a helpful diagnostic indicator for identifying asymptomatic acute and subacute myocardial injury whereas plasma ANP concentration mainly reflects atrial dilation.  相似文献   

Potential role of frugivorous birds in the recovery process of forest vegetation after feral goat eradication in Mukojima Island, the Bonin Islands     

Naoko Emura  Kazuto Kawakami  Tomohiro Deguchi  Koichi Sone 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(4):352-359

Some introduced frugivorous birds disperse introduced plants and are thus a substitute for extinct native birds. Introduced birds have negative and/or infrequently positive effects on local ecosystems. It is important for management of the ecosystems to understand the relationships between native and introduced frugivorous and plant species. In this study, we elucidated these relationships in Mukojima Island, the Bonin Islands, where was anthropologically deforested and Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus and some plants were already introduced. We examined the habitat selection of frugivorous birds, actual dispersed seeds in bird feces, and the distribution of the potentially dispersed plant species. The Japanese White-eye and the native, Blue Rockthrush Monticola solitarius, were dominant on this island. The former mainly used the forest area and dispersed only small seeds and frequently introduced plant seeds. The latter mainly used the open area and dispersed both small and large seeds. Some small-seed plants occurred not only in the forest but also in the open area. Their seedlings were distributed farther from their adult trees than the large-seed species. These indicate that small-seed plants would be more spread than the large-seed plants because the two bird species disperse their seeds in different environments. This introduced bird species may be important in vegetation recovery, although it may contribute to the distribution of introduced plants on this island.  相似文献   

Iron biofortification of rice using different transgenic approaches   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroshi Masuda  May Sann Aung  Naoko K Nishizawa 《Rice》2013,6(1):40

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Transgenic rice lines that include barley genes have increased tolerance to low iron availability in a calcareous paddy soil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Motofumi SUZUKI  Kendi Claudio MORIKAWA  Hiromi NAKANISHI  Michiko TAKAHASHI  Masahiko SAIGUSA  Satoshi MORI  Naoko K. NISHIZAWA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(1):77-85

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Importance of contact between rice roots and co-situs applied fertilizer granules on iron absorption by paddy rice in a calcareous paddy soil     

Claudio Kendi MORIKAWA  Masahiko SAIGUSA  Naoko Kishi NISHIZAWA  Satoshi MORI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(3):467-472

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