Effects on microflora of using naphthalene or X-rays to reduce arthropod populations in the field     

K. Newell  J. C. Frankland  J. B. Whittaker 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,3(1-2):11-13

Summary Naphthalene or X-rays are often used to test the effect on soil processes of reducing or eliminating arthropods. Naphthalene, however, is shown here to reduce radial growth significantly in eight out of nine basidiomycete fungi tested. X-ray treatment, which killed only 24% of Onychiurus latus Gisin (Collembola), significantly reduced the radial growth rate of one of two fungi tested. These techniques are likely to affect the composition of microbial communities and therefore should be used only with extreme caution in field manipulation experiments involving fauna-microflora interactions.Dedicated to the late Prof.Dr. M.S. Ghilarov  相似文献   

SONOGRAPHIC AND SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ACUTE RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN CATS     

Krista B.  Halling  DVM  John P.  Graham  MVB  MSc  Susan P.  Newell  DVM  MS  Gary W.  Ellison  DVM  MS  Carol J.  Detrisac  DVM  PhD  Frank G.  Martin  PhD  James M.  Vangilder  BS  Daniel  Grossman  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(6):707-713

The sonographic features of acute renal allograft rejection in humans and dogs are manifested by increase in renal cross-sectional area and reduction in renal cortical blood flow. These changes have not been investigated in cats. The objectives of this study were to evaluate sonographic and scintigraphic changes during acute renal allograft rejection in cats. Eight SPF, intact, adult, male cats received heterotopic renal allotransplantations. Immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine and prednisolone were administered for 14 days and then discontinued to allow acute allograft rejection to occur. Serial measurements of renal cross-sectional area, resistive index (RI), echogenicity, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were performed to evaluate changes during acute rejection. Upon sonographic confirmation of absent diastolic blood flow or a 20% increase in cross-sectional area of the allograft, a nephrectomy and histopathologic evaluation were performed. Acute allograft rejection was confirmed histologically in all cats. Significant increases in renal cross-sectional area (P < 0.001) occurred postoperatively and during rejection. There were no significant changes in RI (P = 0.43) at any time. A subjective increase in medullary echogenicity and a decrease in corticomedullary demarcation were observed in the rejection period. While GFR decreased significantly in the immediate postoperative period (P < 0.001), no further change occurred during rejection (P = 0.42). Changes in RI and GFR do not appear to be sensitive indicators of acute renal allograft rejection in cats. Serial measurements of renal cross-sectional area appear to be a sensitive method for the early diagnosis of allograft rejection in feline renal transplant recipients.  相似文献   

Plasma indicators of muscle damage in a model of nutritional myopathy in weaner sheep     

GM SMITH  JM FRY  JG ALLEN  ND COSTA† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(1):12-17

SUMMARY Subclinical nutritional myopathy was induced in 5-month-old sheep by feeding them a diet low in vitamin E and selenium. Subsequently clinical myopathy was induced by dosing with protected polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plasma activities of creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase, enzymes of muscle origin, all remained above their reference ranges in clinically affected sheep, but fluctuated widely. Similar fluctuations occurred in subclinically affected animals, resulting in some activities being within the reference ranges and some above, at different times. Plasma malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, proved of no diagnostic value. Terminal plasma CK activities were significantly correlated with microscopic damage in the vastus lateralis (VL), but not the vastus intermedius (VI) or the tensor fascia lata (TFL) muscles. AST was the most highly correlated with damage in VI and VL. In two clinically affected sheep successfully treated with an oral dose of α-tocopherol actetate all enzymes decreased steadily to within their reference ranges, at rates probably related to their plasma half-lives. These results suggest that measurement of plasma CK activity would be useful in monitoring recovery of treated sheep.  相似文献   

Incidence of contralateral versus ipsi-lateral neurological signs associated with lateralised Hansen type I disc extrusion     

J. D. Smith    S. M. Newell    S. C. Budsberg  R. A. Bennett 《The Journal of small animal practice》1997,38(11):495-497

Asymmetrical neurological signs were noted in 50 dogs presenting with Hansen type I thoracolumbar disc extrusion. Thoracolumbar myelograms and surgical decompression were performed in all cases. Dogs were divided into two groups (acute and chronic) based on the duration of clinical signs prior to presentation to the University of Georgia. Lateralising extradural cord compressive lesions were noted on all myelograms. In the acute group, 35 per cent of the dogs had asymmetrical neurological signs contralateral to the myelographic and surgical lesion, while in the chronic group only 11 per cent had neurological signs contralateral to the lesion. There was found to be no significant difference in frequency of contralateral asymmetrical clinical signs between the two groups (Fischer's exact test; P = 0–095). The high frequency of contralateral signs documents the importance of thoracolumbar myelography for accurate localisation of the disc material before decompressive surgery.  相似文献   

Recruitment and Commercial Seed Procurement of the Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis in Maine     

Carter R.  Newell H. Hidu  B. J. McAlice  G. Podniesinski  F. Short  L. Kindblom 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1991,22(2):134-152

A thorough understanding of recruitment in the blue mussel is necessary if the new industry is to maximize seed procurement without impinging upon other fisheries. Larval appearance is a relatively precise event in Maine, cued to early summer water temperature of 10–12 C and, apparently, full moon spawning events. Mussel larvae are more abundant on the flood tides indicating inshore and estuarine retention, although this retention relates to the morphometry and relative energy of the system. Webb Cove, a wide embayment with maximum sample station current velocity of 0.2 m/s, showed a random ebb tide vs. flood tide larval distribution; the narrow, long Damariscotta River estuary with 0.35 m/s current velocity showed a two-fold flood tide larval enhancement and the Jordan River with 1.5 m/s current velocities showed up to a 14-fold flood tide enhancement of mussel larvae and bysally drifting juveniles. Thus certain Maine estuaries may act as larval traps, providing areas of concentrated settlement and seed abundance. Primary setting normally begins with a large initial pulse in June followed by one or more secondary pulses throughout the summer. Secondary settlement (reattachment of bysally drifting juveniles) occurs at lower levels throughout the year, especially in late July and early August. Maximum attachment of larvae and juveniles occurs during periods of maximum current velocity. Extensive eelgrass beds at the mouths of some estuaries (i.e., Jordan River) may be the sites of extensive primary and secondary setting. Great Eastern Mussel Farms, the industry component, guided by these studies, is testing the deployment of live and shell mussel cultch to develop and optimize a new seed procurement system.  相似文献   

Pancreatic torsion in a dog     

Tamera L. Brabson  Lynn C. Maki  Susan M. Newell  S. Christopher Ralphs 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(5):476-478

A 6-month-old male intact Cane Corso mastiff dog was presented for a recent history of vomiting, abdominal pain, and lethargy. A diagnosis of pancreatic torsion was made during abdominal exploratory surgery and was confirmed with histopathology. The dog underwent partial pancreatectomy and recovered with no complications.  相似文献   

Impact of Space Research on Science and Technology: Space techniques have provided new tools for science and applications     

Newell HE  Jaffe L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(3784):29-39

Science and technology are themselves a part of our modern culture. They contribute to the arts, furnish new media for human expression, provide better and new musical instruments and improved acoustics for enriched enjoyment of them, and give the artist new materials and techniques for his work. They enrich the humanities in furnishing man with a broader basis for understanding himself, his potentialities, and his place in nature. The historian has a better approach to his subject because of scientific methodology. The archeologist has a surer grasp on temporal relationships because of the tools that physics and chemistry give him for dating materials and identifying their sources. Slowly, an entire world absorbs the increased understanding of man and nature that science generates, and reflects that understanding in its literature, its social, political, and economic institutions, and its application to human daily living. Today, much of the world's population is aware of the world as a body of a solar system in a galaxy among millions of other galaxies. These people can conceive of man in a historical and cosmological perspective that did not exist in centuries past. As this understanding and these concepts spread to more and more of the world's people, it may be hoped that this common bond of understanding will not only give increased motivation to solve peaceably the problems that beset the world, but will also provide increased means for doing so.  相似文献   

Generation and maintenance of gradients in taxonomic diversity     

Stehli FG  Douglas RG  Newell ND 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,164(3882):947-949

Latitudinal gradients in diversity of organisms represent an equilibrium distribution for at least the last 270 x 10(6) years. Faunas endemic to tropical regions evolved significantly faster than extra-tropical faunas. The latitude-dependent difference in rates of evolution also represents an equilibrium condition for at least the last 270 x 10(6) years and has consequences for paleontological correlation of rocks because the attainable resolution depends on rate of evolution and will thus be greater in tropic regions than in extra-tropical ones.  相似文献   

Interaction between two decomposer basidiomycetes and a collembolan under Sitka spruce: Distribution,abundance and selective grazing     

Kathryn Newell 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1984,16(3):227-233

The fungi Mycena galopus (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer and Marasmius androsaceus (L. ex Fr.) Fr. produced over 99% of the fruit bodies on a site under Picea sitchensis Carr. In the laboratory M. androsaceus colonized litter from both the L and F₁ horizons more than twice as fast as M. galopus, but in the field its distribution was restricted to the L horizon whereas M. galopus occurred in the F₁ horizon. The collembolan Onychiurus latus Gisin, the most abundant mycophagous arthropod at the field site which consistently had basidiomycete hyphae in its gut, was found throughout the autumn in the litter horizons in densities up to 600 m^?2. This collembolan showed a marked preference for the mycelium of M. androsaceus rather than that of M. galopus in both laboratory and field tests. These results suggest that selective grazing by O. latus may be an important factor in determining the vertical distribution of these two fungi in the field.  相似文献   

Report from the conference, ‘identifying obstacles to applying big data in agriculture’     

White  Emma L.  Thomasson  J. Alex  Auvermann  Brent  Kitchen  Newell R.  Pierson  Leland Sandy  Porter  Dana  Baillie  Craig  Hamann  Hendrik  Hoogenboom  Gerrit  Janzen  Todd  Khosla  Rajiv  Lowenberg-DeBoer  James  McIntosh  Matt  Murray  Seth  Osborn  Dave  Shetty  Ashoo  Stevenson  Craig  Tevis  Joe  Werner  Fletcher 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(1):306-315

Precision Agriculture - Data-centric technology has not undergone widespread adoption in production agriculture but could address global needs for food security and farm profitability. Participants...  相似文献