The first report on serotyping of bluetongue virus in small ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province,Pakistan     

Malik  Amir Iftikhar  Ijaz  Muhammad  Yaqub  Tahir  Shabir  Muhammad Zubair  Avais  Muhammad  Ghaffar  Awais  Ali  Ahmad  Farooqi  Shahid Hussain  Mehmood  Khalid 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(4):977-982

Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of Orbivirus genus (family Reoviridae), is a non-contagious infection of domestic and wild ruminants. The current study was designed to detect various serotypes of BTV in small ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan, along with their effects on hemato-biochemical parameters. A total of 408 serum samples in four districts (Mansehra, Abbottabad, Swabi, and Kohat) of KPK from small ruminants were screened based on competitive ELISA (cELISA). A total of 204 (50%) samples were found positive for BTV group–specific antibodies. The seropositive samples were processed for the detection of BTV serotypes through real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Out of 204 cELISA-positive samples, 60 (29.41%) were found positive through qPCR. Three serotypes [6, 8, 9] were detected from Mansehra District and two from Kohat [2, 8] and Abbottabad [6, 8], while only one from Swabi [8]. The serotype “8” was found consistently in all the four study districts. A significant (p?<?0.05) increase in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was recorded in goats, whereas aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in sheep infected with BTV, compared to healthy animals. The hematological parameters showed significantly (p?<?0.05) raised total leucocyte count (TLC) in both sheep and goats, whereas only hematocrit (HCT) value was increased significantly (p?<?0.05) in infected sheep. This is the first report on serotyping of BTV among small ruminants in Pakistan.

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小黑麦基础日粮对育肥猪生产性能和猪肉品质的影响     

Zeb Sullivan  舒金秀  曾勇 《广东饲料》2008,17(7):42-42

小黑麦是硬质小麦和黑麦杂交的一种谷物,粗蛋白质含较量较玉米高,且其氨基酸组成更能满足育肥猪的氨基酸需要。与玉米基础饲粮相比,用小黑麦作为猪的饲粮,可以减少豆粕的用量。有关饲喂小黑麦对育肥猪的影响的研究结果并不一致,有研究报道当小黑麦代替玉米作为猪的日粮谷物源时,生产性能与玉米饲粮组相近,然而也有报道使其生产性能降低。  相似文献   

大房郢水库浮游生物群落结构变化与环境因子关系研究     

张驹  袁震  王厚云  曹晶  郑志侠  叶碧碧 《安徽农业大学学报》2024,51(1):102-109

为了更好地了解合肥市饮用水源地水生态环境状况,于2020年夏季、秋季、冬季及2021年春季对大房郢水库的水质、浮游植物和浮游动物进行监测,对比浮游生物群落现存量与历史变化,并使用冗余分析（RDA）以及蒙特卡洛置换检验探究环境因子对浮游生物群落的影响。结果表明,研究区域浮游植物以蓝藻门为主要优势种属,密度及生物量较2005年分别增加37.7%和7.0%,浮游动物以桡足类为主要优势种,密度较2005年大幅度下降了77.5%,生物量多样性增加了47.8%,影响浮游生物群落结构的主要环境因子为NH3-N、T（温度）、pH和TN。此外,研究也揭示了季节变化对水库浮游生物的物种组成影响小,但对浮游生物的丰度及多样性影响显著。  相似文献   

Influence of organic and inorganic passivators on Cd and Pb stabilization and microbial biomass in a contaminated paddy soil     

Saqib Bashir  Muhammad Shaaban  Qaiser Hussain  Sajid Mehmood  Jun Zhu  Qingling Fu  Omar Aziz  Hongqing Hu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(9):2948-2959

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Lime-Amended Semi-arid Soils in Retaining Copper,Lead, and Zinc from Aqueous Solutions     

Arif Ali Baig Moghal  Krishna R. Reddy  Syed Abu Sayeed Mohammed  Mosleh Ali Al-Shamrani  Waleed M. Zahid 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(10):372

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Carbon mineralization in response to nitrogen and litter addition in surface and subsoils in an agroecosystem     

Naila Kaneez-e-Batool  Faisal Mahmood  Sabir Hussain  Muhammad Riaz  Zahid Maqbool 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(9):1285-1292

More than 50% of global soil organic carbon stocks are stored below 20 cm of soil depth capable of massively altering global C cycle and climate. However, subsoil C dynamics are largely overlooked implicitly assuming that surface and subsoil C dynamics are similar. Here, we compared the soil C dynamics in surface and subsurface soil layers in response to nitrogen and maize leaf litter additions. Soils, sampled from 0 to 5, 15 to 35, 35 to 55 and 55 to 75 cm depths, were incubated at 25°C after adding litter, nitrogen (NH₄NO₃) or litter plus nitrogen. Soil respiration (C mineralization) was measured throughout the incubation period. Litter addition significantly increased C mineralization in all the soil layers. However, the soil CO₂ release relative to control was more than twofold higher in 15–35 and 35–55 cm soil layers than the surface layer. Nitrogen additions significantly decreased C mineralization in 0–15 cm soil, increased in 35–55 cm and had minimal effects in the 15–35 and 55–75 cm layers. Different soil C dynamics in surface and subsurface soil layers found in our study contradict the general assumption that soil C dynamics may be treated similarly along different soil depths.  相似文献   

Comparative Efficacy of CO2 and Ozone Gases Against Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae Under Different Temperature Regimes     

M. Husain  Khawaja G. Rasool  Muhammad Tufail  Abdullah M. A. Alhamdan  Khalid Mehmood  Abdulrahman S. Aldawood 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

Comparative efficacy of three different modified atmospheres: 100% CO₂, 75% CO₂ + 25% N₂, and 22 ppm ozone were examined against larval mortality of the almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at temperature regimes of 25°C and 35 ± 2°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and 9:15 dark and light. Wandering young larval instars, which are fast growing, large enough in size and considered as more tolerant to modified atmosphere, were collected directly from the rearing culture, placed inside pitted date fruits of vars.: “Khudri,” “Ruziz,” and “Saqie,” were treated with aforementioned gases for 24, 48, and 72 h. The immediate and delayed larval mortality was recorded after each exposure timing. Ozone possessed the strongest fumigant toxicity causing 100% mortality with all varieties, at 25 and 35°C after 24 h exposure and was more effective than 75% CO₂ that caused 83 and 100% immediate mortality with variety ruziz at 25 and 35°C, respectively. Extending the treatments exposure time to 72 h, 100% mortality was recorded by exposing larvae to any of the studied gases at 25 and 35°C. These results suggest that gases and temperature used in this study can be effectively used to control E. cautella in dates and stored grains.  相似文献   

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer forms and crop straw biochars on soil exchange properties and maize growth on an acidic Ultisol     

Khalid Mehmood  M. Abdulaha-Al Baquy 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(6):834-849

Effects of repeated application of urea (UN) and calcium nitrate (CN) singly and together with crop straw biochars on soil acidity and maize growth were investigated with greenhouse pot experiments for two consecutive seasons. Canola straw biochar (CB), peanut straw biochar (PB) and wheat straw biochar (WB) were applied at 1% of dried soil weight in the first season. N fertilizers were applied at 200 mg N kg^?1. In UN treatments, an initial rise in pH was subjected to proton consumption through urea hydrolysis, afterwards nitrification of NH₄⁺ caused drastic reductions in pH as single UN had soil pH of 3.70, even lower than control (4.27) after the 2nd crop season. Post-harvest soil analyses indicated that soil pH, soil exchangeable acidity, NH₄⁺, NO₃^? and total base cations showed highly significant variation under N and biochar types (P < 0.05). Articulated growth of plants under combined application with biochars was expressed by 22.7%, 22.5%, and 35.7% higher root and 25.6%, 23.8%, and 35.9% higher shoot biomass by CB, PB and WB combined with CN over UN, respectively. Therefore, CN combined with biochars is a better choice to correct soil acidity and improve maize growth than UN combined with biochars.  相似文献   

Estimation of economic threshold level of alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) to Tackle Grain quality and yield Losses in Rice     

Azhar Mehmood  Asif Tanveer  Muhammad Mansoor Javed  Muhammad Ather Nadeem  Muhammad Naeem 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(2):208-218

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is the most troublesome invasive weed in transplanted rice ecosystems worldwide. A two-year field study was conducted to estimate economic threshold levels and the season long competitive effect of six alligator weed densities (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants m^?2) on yield and quality traits of transplanted rice. A gradual linear incline in dry weight of alligator weed was observed with an increase in its density from 2 to 32 plants m^?2. Maximum N (15.93–18.26 kg ha^?1), P (15.10–16.46 kg ha^?1) and K (16.34–17.81 kg ha^?1) uptake by alligator weed was recorded at its density of 32 plants m^?2. More micronutrient loss to the tune of 6.53, 47.92, 19.99, and 38.42 mg kg^?1 for Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn, respectively was observed at the same density. Increasing density of alligator weed caused more losses in paddy yield (up to 21.37–23.78%), amylose and rice grain protein contents. According to a nonlinear hyperbolic regression model, maximum paddy yield loss of rice at asymptotic value of alligator weed density was 38.8% during 2011 and 42.4% during 2012. Economic threshold value of alligator weed was estimated 1.5 and 1.3 plants per m² during 2011 and 2012, respectively.  相似文献   

Effects of biomass ash,bone meal,and alkaline slag applied alone and combined on soil acidity and wheat growth     

Ren-yong Shi  Jiu-yu Li  Ni Ni  Khalid Mehmood  Ren-kou Xu  Wei Qian 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(8):2116-2126

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