Adventitious shoot regeneration from hypocotyl slices of mature apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) seeds: A feasible alternative for apricot genetic engineering     

Hong Wang  Nuria Alburquerque  Lorenzo Burgos  Cesar Petri 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Adventitious shoot regeneration from hypocotyl slices of mature apricot seeds has been achieved with regeneration percentages of 31.7%, 44.4%, and 46.9% for the cultivars ‘Canino’, ‘Dorada’, and ‘Moniqui’, respectively. Regeneration was significantly affected by the parental origin of the explants (P < 0.05) but not by thidiazuron or 3-indolebutyric acid for any of the three cultivars, at the levels tested. None of the other factors studied (basal medium, 2,4 dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid pulses, dark incubation period, or addition of silver thiosulfate) affected significantly shoot regeneration percentage from ‘Canino’ hypocotyl sections. The effect of paromomycin on regeneration was genotype-dependent and different dose–response curves were obtained for each cultivar. While 40 μM paromomycin completely inhibited regeneration from ‘Canino’ sections, some buds were obtained from ‘Dorada’ and ‘Moniqui’ explants. The two aminoglycoside antibiotics tested, kanamycin and paromomycin, showed differing toxicity on ‘Canino’. A lower concentration of kanamycin (20 μM) than of paromomycin inhibited totally adventitious regeneration from ‘Canino’ explants. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation experiments, with the non-oncogenic strain AGL1 harboring the binary plasmid p35SGUSINT, were performed and GUS assays were carried out after four weeks to determinate stable transformation events. The utilization of paromomycin (10 μM) as the selective agent increased significantly both the number of explants that presented at least one transformation event (P < 0.05) and the number of large area or calli expressing the gus gene (P < 0.001), compared with the addition of kanamycin (10 μM). Moreover, when 10 μM paromomycin was added to the medium some massively transformed explants were observed and a chimerical bud was regenerated.  相似文献   

DNA from pre-Clovis human coprolites in Oregon, North America     

Gilbert MT  Jenkins DL  Götherstrom A  Naveran N  Sanchez JJ  Hofreiter M  Thomsen PF  Binladen J  Higham TF  Yohe RM  Parr R  Cummings LS  Willerslev E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):786-789

The timing of the first human migration into the Americas and its relation to the appearance of the Clovis technological complex in North America at about 11,000 to 10,800 radiocarbon years before the present (14C years B.P.) remains contentious. We establish that humans were present at Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves, in south-central Oregon, by 12,300 14C years B.P., through the recovery of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from coprolites, directly dated by accelerator mass spectrometry. The mtDNA corresponds to Native American founding haplogroups A2 and B2. The dates of the coprolites are >1000 14C years earlier than currently accepted dates for the Clovis complex.  相似文献   

Specific Dermatophagoides farinae extract for canine immunotherapy     

Raquel Moya  Laura Ramió-Lluch  Nuria Parody  Pilar Brazis  Anna Puigdemont  Jerónimo Carnés 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(2):131-e29

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Aluminium Tolerance of Maize Cultivars as Assessed by Callose Production and Root Elongation     

Merc Llugany  Nuria Massot  Alexander H. Wissemeier  Charlotte Poschenrieder  Walter J. Horst  Juan Barcel 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1994,157(6):447-451

The differences in Al tolerance between 12 maize cultivars were investigated using early stress indicators such as relative root elongation rate, induction of callose formation and Al concentrations in 5 mm root tips. Plants were grown in nutrient solution (pH 4.3) and exposed to 0 (control), 20 or 50 μM Al for 24 h. According to the relative root elongation rates, Regent, C 525 M and Adour 250 were the most Al-tolerant cultivars, while BR 201 F, Teosinte, Alarik, Burras and HS 7777 were Al-sensitive. Cultivars Brummi, HS 1230, Lixis and Aladin showed an intermediate behaviour. A significant inverse correlation between relative root-elongation rates and both Al concentration in root tips and callose concentrations could be established. The usefulness of callose as an early indicator of Al stress and the importance of Al exclusion from root tips as an Al tolerance mechanism are discussed.  相似文献   

Cadmium and Copper Effects on Larval Development and Mortality of the Polychaete Capitella Sp Y from Estero Del Yugo, Mazatlan, Mexico     

Nuria Méndez  Carlos Green-Ruiz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,171(1-4):291-299

The effects of cadmium and copper on larval metamorphosis and mortality of cultured Capitella sp Y were investigated. Metatrochophore larvae were exposed to 0.013 (control), 0.030, 0.080, 0.120, and 0.170 mg Cd L^?1 and 0.017 (control), 0.025, 0.060, and 0.075 mg Cu L^?1 for 34 days. Larval mortality significantly (p < 0.01) increased with increasing Cd and Cu concentrations (Kruskal-Wallis test), with similar effects for both metals for day 10 (LC₅₀ = 0.035 mg Cd L^?1 and 0.035 mg Cu L^?1). Metamorphosis was inhibited in larvae exposed to the two metals in the absence of food, the effect of Cu being the most severe. This study suggests that Cd and Cu exposure could be harmful to early developmental stages of Capitella sp Y producing a delay in recruitment into natural populations.  相似文献   

Olive oils improve lipid metabolism and increase antioxidant potential in rats fed diets containing cholesterol     

Gorinstein S  Leontowicz H  Lojek A  Leontowicz M  Ciz M  Krzeminski R  Gralak M  Czerwinski J  Jastrzebski Z  Trakhtenberg S  Grigelmo-Miguel N  Soliva-Fortuny R  Martin-Belloso O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):6102-6108

The effect of olive oils on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity was investigated on 60 male Wistar rats adapted to cholesterol-free or 1% cholesterol diets. The rats were divided into six diet groups of 10. The control group (control) consumed the basal diet (BD) only, which contained wheat starch, casein, cellulose, and mineral and vitamin mixtures. To the BD were added 10 g/100 g virgin (virg group) or Lampante (Lamp group) oils, 1 g/100 g cholesterol (chol group), or both (chol/virg group) and (chol/Lamp group). The experiment lasted 4 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total phospholipids (TPH), HDL-phospholipids (HDL-PH), total radical-trapping antioxidative potential (TRAP), malondialdehyde lipid peroxidation (MDA), and liver TC were measured. Groups did not differ before the experiment. In the chol/virg and chol/Lamp vs chol group, the oil-supplemented diets significantly (P < 0.05) lessened the increase in plasma lipids due to dietary cholesterol as follows: TC (25.1 and 23.6%), LDL-C (39.3 and 34.7%), TG (19.3 and 17.0%), and TC in liver (36.0 and 35.1%) for the chol/virg and chol/Lamp group, respectively. The chol/virg and chol/Lamp diets significantly decreased the levels of TPH (24.7 and 21.2%; p < 0.05 in both cases) and HDL-PH (22.9 and 18.0%; p < 0.05 in both cases) for the chol/virg and chol/Lamp group, respectively. Virgin and Lampante oils in rats fed basal diet without cholesterol did not affect the lipid variables measured. Virgin, and to a lesser degree Lampante, oils have increased the plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed BD without cholesterol (an increase in TRAP, 20.6 and 18.5%; and a decrease in MDA, 23.2 and 11.3%, respectively). In the rats of chol/virg and chol/Lamp vs Chol diet groups the added oils significantly hindered the decrease in the plasma antioxidant activity (TRAP, 21.2 and 16.7%; and MDA, 27.0 and 22.3%, respectively). These results demonstrate that virgin, and to less degree Lampante, oils possess hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. It is more evident when these oils are added to the diets of rats fed cholesterol. These positive properties are attributed mostly to the phenolic compounds of the studied oils.  相似文献   

Effects of teflubenzuron on larvae and juveniles of the polychaete Capitella SP. B from Barcelona, Spain     

Nuria Méndez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,160(1-4):259-269

The insecticide teflubenzuron is currently employed by salmon farms as an in-feed compound to control ectoparasite infestations, and its occurrence in the sediments surrounding the farms could thus pose a hazard to local infauna. The effect of teflubenzuron on mortality, growth and metamorphosis of larvae of cultured Capitella sp. B were investigated. This is a poecilogonic species with two hatching periods. Larvae and juveniles produced during the first and second releases were exposed to sediment spiked with teflubenzuron (0, 8.4, 25 and 41.8 μg/g dry wt sediment) for a 31 days period and daily observations were performed. Teflubenzuron incorporated to sediment produced larval and juvenile mortality and a strong reduction of body size from juveniles of the two release periods. Larval metamorphosis was delayed without a clear dose-response relationship. This preliminary study suggests that teflubenzuron is harmful to early developmental stages of Capitella sp. B. This fact has relevant ecological effects such as a delay in recruitment of individuals into natural populations.  相似文献   

SNP diversity in introduced populations of the invasive Gambusia holbrooki     

Oriol Vidal  Nuria Sanz  Rosa‐Maria Araguas  Raquel Fernández‐Cebrian  David Diez‐del‐Molino  José‐Luis García‐Marín 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(1):100-108

Abstract – We used a targeted gene approach to amplify genomic fragments to characterise single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in introduced European populations of the invasive mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. Patterns of diversity within and among European populations of G. holbrooki and American collections of G. holbrooki and Gambusia affinis reveal unexpected high diversities within European populations. This ascertainment bias is one of the major challenges in the development of SNP markers for monitoring species involved in worldwide introductions. Pattern of diversity among European populations confirmed diverse introductions, as suggested by earlier mtDNA studies. However, SNPs showed larger differentiation between populations than had been previously detected with mtDNA sequencing. Five major population groups were identified: central France, southern Iberian, northern Iberian, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean French Rivers.  相似文献   

New herbicide models from benzoxazinones: aromatic ring functionalization effects     

Macías FA  De Siqueira JM  Chinchilla N  Marín D  Varela RM  Molinillo JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):9843-9851

The utility of benzoxazinones and some of their synthetic derivatives in the search for new leads for herbicide model development has been widely discussed. As the benzoxazinone skeleton contains three different potential areas for functionalization (C-2, N-4, and aromatic protons H-5, H-6, H-7, and H-8), and the first two have already been optimized, the main objective of this work was the substitution of aromatic protons for different substituent types and the study of the effects of the prepared chemicals on selected standard target species (STS) and weeds. Thus, different combinations of aromatic substituents, including methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, fluorine, chlorine, and trifluoromethyl, were introduced at different positions. Phytotoxicity results were successfully correlated with steric and electronic molecular parameters, the resulting molecular volume (V) and dipole moment (mu) being the most influential ones. Halogenations at C-6 and fluorination at C-7 were the most successful modifications. Compounds 6-fluoro-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (6F-D-DIBOA), 7-fluoro-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (7F-D-DIBOA), and 6-chloro-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (6Cl-D-DIBOA) had the highest phytotoxic activities. The dose-response profiles on wheat and two of its most common weeds (Lolium rigidum Gaud. and Avena fatua L.) were compared by means of a proposed selectivity index, which displayed 7F-D-DIBOA as the most selective of the tested benzoxazinones.  相似文献   

Water,Nitrogen and Plant Density Affect the Response of Leaf Appearance of Direct Seeded Rice to Thermal Time     

Maite MARTíNEZ-EIXARCH  ZHU De-feng  Maria del Mar CATAL-FORNER  Eva PLA-MAYOR  Nuria TOMS-NAVARRO 《水稻科学》2013,20(1):52-60

Field experiments were conducted in the Ebro Delta area (Spain), from 2007 to 2009 with two rice varieties:Gleva and Tebre. The experimental treatments included a series of seed rates, two different water management systems and two different nitrogen fertilization times. The number of leaves on the main stems and their emergence time were periodically tagged. The results indicated that the final leaf number on the main stems in the two rice varieties was quite stable over a three-year period despite of the differences in their respective growth cycles. Interaction between nitrogen fertilization and water management influenced the final leaf number on the main stems. Plant density also had a significant influence on the rate of leaf appearance by extending the phyllochron and postponing the onset of intraspecific competition after the emergence of the 7th leaf on the main stems. Final leaf number on the main stems was negatively related to plant density. A relationship between leaf appearance and thermal time was established with a strong nonlinear function. In direct-seeded rice, the length of the phyllochron increases exponentially in line with the advance of plant development. A general model, derived from 2-year experimental data, was developed and satisfactorily validated; it had a root mean square error of 0.3 leaf. An exponential model can be used to predict leaf emergence in direct-seeded rice.  相似文献