Genetic organization of aromatic rice as revealed by RAPD markers: A case study in conserving crop genetic resources on farm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shuichi Fukuoka  Suu D Tran  Kaworu Ebana  Trinh N Luu  Tsukasa Nagamine  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):61-71

Summary On-farm conservation of landraces is one strategy to maintain the diversity of crop germplasm in local agro-ecosystems. The genetic structures of landraces are a key biological factor in on-farm conservation strategies. To accumulate a genetic understanding that will help establish a methodology for on-farm conservation, the genetic organization of landraces of aromatic rice in Namdinh province, Vietnam was analyzed using RAPD markers. Eighteen RAPD markers detected 38 genotypes among 320 aromatic rice samples growing at 23 sites of farmers' fields and in the experimental field that derived from 13 sites. Geographical variation was observed in the frequency of genotypes, whereas individual landraces could not be distinguished by RAPD markers. Genetic variation within a site was generally smaller than that among sites. The degree of genetic similarity of the plants in a site varied among sites, as did the number of genotypes. Changes in genetic structure over time were investigated using experimental populations each derived from approximately 30 plants from 13 farmers' fields. The differences detected by DNA markers between the genetic structural in the farmers' fields and those in experimental fields suggested that genetic drift is a major cause of these differences. The present study suggests that DNA markers are an essential means to monitor the genetic structures of heterogeneous landraces of rice, and are useful for selecting study sites for the on-farm conservation of genetic diversity as well as for successive monitoring.  相似文献   

Curing and degradation processes of cement-bonded particleboard by supercritical CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> treatment     

Rohny Setiawan Maail  Kenji Umemura  Hideo Aizawa  Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(4):302-307

This study examined the effects of supercritical CO₂ treatment on the curing and degradation of cementbonded particleboard (CBP). Significant correlations were found between the supercritical CO₂ treatment and mechanical properties during both curing and degradation processes. Internal bond (IB) strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of CBP achieved their maximums by supercritical CO₂ treatment in 30 min. These conditions indicated that supercritical CO₂ treatment accelerates the curing process rapidly and enhances the mechanical properties of the CBP. However, these values decreased in treatment from 60 min to 10 days and had a negative effect on board performance, indicating that supercritical CO₂ treatment over a longer time span leads to degradation of the CBP. Furthermore, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation clarified that the mechanisms of degradation are directly affected by the mineralogical composition of the system, in par ticular, by the calcium carbonate content as caused by carbonation.  相似文献   

Nondestructive observation of bovine milk by NMR spectroscopy: analysis of existing States of compounds and detection of new compounds     

Hu F  Furihata K  Ito-Ishida M  Kaminogawa S  Tanokura M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):4969-4974

In this study were successfully observed the one- (1H, 13C) and two-dimensional (1H-13C, 1H-15N, 1H-31P) NMR spectra of milk directly without any pretreatment. The signals of each NMR spectrum were assigned, and their existing states were also analyzed. Lactose existed in a free state in milk. The signals due to the butyric acid chain can be assigned among the other fatty acid chains. Monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid chains) and polyunsaturated fatty acid chains (linoleic and linolenic acid) were assigned by their characteristic signals. The signals from citrate, N-acetylcarbohydrates, and lecithin could be observed directly in the 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectra; the assignment of their signals was made through the 1H-13C, 1H-15N, and 1H-31P HMBC spectra of extracted milk. Signals from creatine and N-acetylcarbohydrates were detected for the first time.  相似文献   

梨果实发育中Ca²⁺在果肉细胞的定位及变化研究*   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

彭抒昂  岩堀修一 《园艺学报》2001,28(6):497-503

 用焦锑酸钾沉淀的细胞化学方法, 研究了􀀂 幸水 梨果实发育中果肉细胞的焦锑酸Ca²⁺ 定位变化及其与细胞超微结构的关系。结果表明: ( 1) 在未受精之前, 果肉细胞内未检测到Ca²⁺ 沉淀颗粒, 细胞核内的染色质少且染色淡, 细胞质的细胞器数量也少; ( 2) 受精后果肉细胞呈现大量的Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒, 主要分布在细胞核、细胞质、质体以及叶绿体外膜上, 含Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒的质体非常膨大, 导管和初期发育的石细胞内也密集分布Ca2+ 沉淀颗粒; ( 3) 受精1 周后果肉细胞的Ca²⁺移向细胞之间的连接处; ( 4) 生理落果的细胞和导管中Ca²⁺没有或极少, 但有的细胞内沿液泡膜有Ca²⁺分布; ( 5) 受精3~ 4 周后, 果肉细胞中很难检测到Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒, 此状态一直持续到果实采收, 但果实腐烂前Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒沿果肉细胞 壁两侧出现。就Ca2+ 在果实发育中的作用及与细胞超微结构的关系等进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Development of a genetically modified nontoxigenic Pasteurella multocida toxin as a candidate for use in vaccines against progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

To H  Someno S  Nagai S 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(1):113-118

OBJECTIVE: To construct a genetically modified nontoxigenic Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) and examine its immunoprotective activity against challenge exposure with wild-type PMT in pigs. ANIMALS: 5 healthy pigs. PROCEDURE: A nontoxigenic PMT was created by replacing the serine at position 1164 with alanine (S1164A) and the cysteine at position 1165 with serine (C1165S). Toxic activity was determined by use of the guinea pig skin test and mouse lethality test. Three pigs were vaccinated twice with the modified PMT, and the remaining 2 pigs served as nonvaccinated control animals. Vaccinated and control pigs were challenge exposed with wild-type PMT. Pigs were euthanatized and necropsied on day 14 after challenge exposure. Turbinate atrophy was examined macroscopically and assigned a score. Serum anti-PMT antibodies were determined by use of an ELISA. RESULTS: The genetically modified PMT was characterized by a total lack of toxic activity. Pigs vaccinated with the modified PMT became seropositive; in contrast, control pigs remained seronegative. Necropsy revealed that the 2 control pigs had moderate and severe turbinate atrophy, respectively, whereas the 3 vaccinated pigs did not have any lesions in the turbinates or abnormalities in other organs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Modification by use of S1164A and C1165S leads to a complete loss of toxic effects of PMT without impairment of the ability to induce protective immunity in pigs. Analysis of these results suggests that genetically modified PMT may represent a good candidate for use in developing a vaccine against progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs.  相似文献   

Molecular study on chicken tumor necrosis factor receptor-II and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-5     

Abdalla SA  Horiuchi H  Furusawa S  Matsuda H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,98(1-2):31-41

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) were identified as signal transducers for the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. In this study, we cloned and characterized two genes that encode chicken TNFR-II and TRAF5. The initial cDNA fragments were obtained by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) of chicken spleen cells with or without lipopolysaccharide stimulation (Salmonella typhimurium SL1181 (RE-mutant)). The results showed that chicken TNFR-II is 1518 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1386 bp having 31% homology with human TNFR-II. Expression analysis of chicken TNFR-II revealed that it is highly expressed in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. The chicken cell lines IN24, MSB1 and 1104B express TNFR-II abundantly. The time course analysis of expression in spleen, bursa of Fabricius and IN24 cell line showed that TNFR-II is maximally expressed at 6 h after stimulation in bursa of Fabricius and after 8 h stimulation in the IN24 cell line. With regard to TRAF5, the complete sequence was 1936 bp in length with an ORF of 1671 bp that showed 71.3% homology with human TRAF5. Expression analysis showed that, among the tissues examined, TRAF5 was strongly expressed in spleen and bursa of Fabricius, while among the cell lines examined, it was maximally expressed in IN24. Thus, both genes were expressed in the same tissues and cell line among examined materials. These results suggest that chicken TNFR-II may interact with TRAF5 adaptor protein to complete its signal transduction pathway.  相似文献   

Chicken peripheral blood CD3+CD4-CD8- cells are regulated by endocrine and nerve systems     

Kushima K  Yoshida K  Fujita M  Shigeta A  Horiuchi H  Matsuda H  Furusawa S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):143-148

The existence of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells in thymus and spleen has already been known. However, because of the presence of large amounts of thrombocytes in peripheral blood (PB), the proportion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells in PB has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the proportion of peripheral T cell-subsets was investigated in 6-week-old chickens. The percentage of CD3(+) cells, CD4(+) cells, CD8 alpha(+) cells, CD8 beta(+), and CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells was 76%, 41%, 14%, 5%, and 15%, respectively. The proportion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells in PB increased during egg-laying periods and in chickens treated with an analog of estrogen, while it decreased with age and in response to restraint stress. All of the CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells expressed TCR1, and did not have NK activity. CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells represent about 60% of peripheral TCR1(+) cells. These findings indicate that the proportion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells is regulated by the endocrine and nerve systems.  相似文献   

Usefulness of MRI compared with CT for diagnosis of mesenteric lymphoma in a dog     

Yasuda D  Fujita M  Yasuda S  Taniguchi A  Miura H  Hasegawa D  Orima H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(11):1447-1451

We evaluated the usefulness of MRI and compared it with CT for diagnosis of mesenteric lymphoma in a dog. The results in the plain CT, dynamic CT and plain MR (T1WI and T2WI) images suggested that the mass was a large single nodular lesion with abundant blood perfusion. On enhanced MRI(T1WI) , the mass was depicted as a tumor with adhesion to the gut wall. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the mass was consistent with the findings on enhanced MRI. We think that MRI might be a useful imaging tool for diagnosis of canine mesenteric lymphoma.  相似文献   

Simultaneous observation of the GnRH pulse generator activity and plasma concentrations of metabolites and insulin during fasting and subsequent refeeding periods in Shiba goats     

Matsuyama S  Ohkura S  Ichimaru T  Sakurai K  Tsukamura H  Maeda K  Okamura H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(6):697-704

The time course of GnRH pulse generator activity and plasma concentrations of energy substrates and insulin were simultaneously observed in female goats during 4-day fasting and subsequent refeeding in the presence or absence of estrogen for a better understanding of the mechanism of energetic control of gonadotropin secretion in ruminants. The GnRH pulse generator activity was electrophysiologically assessed with the intervals of characteristic increases in multiple-unit activity (MUA volleys) in the mediobasal hypothalamus. In estradiol-treated ovariectomized (OVX+E2) goats, the MUA volley intervals increased as fasting progressed. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid and ketone body increased, while those of acetic acid and insulin decreased during fasting. The MUA volley intervals and plasma concentrations of those metabolites and insulin were restored to pre-fasting levels after subsequent refeeding. In ovariectomized (OVX) goats, changes in plasma metabolites and insulin concentrations were similar to those in OVX+E2 goats, but the MUA volley intervals were not altered. The present results demonstrated that fasting suppressed GnRH pulse generator activity in an estrogen-dependent manner. Changes in plasma concentrations of energy substrates and insulin during fasting were associated with the GnRH pulse generator activity in the presence of estrogen, but not in the absence of the steroid in female goats.  相似文献   

Parathyroid hormone (1-34) improves bone mineral density and glucose metabolism in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Lepr(fa) rats     

Kimura S  Sasase T  Ohta T  Sato E  Matsushita M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(1):103-105

The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Lepr(fa) (SDT-fa/fa) rat, a model of obese type 2 diabetes, shows obesity, hyperglycaemia and low bone mineral density (BMD). The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of parathyroid hormone (1-34) [PTH(1-34)] on BMD and glucose metabolism in the SDT-fa/fa rat. SDT-fa/fa rats showed obesity with hyperglycaemia and decreased serum osteocalcin levels and the tibial BMD. A 4-week treatment of PTH(1-34) (20 μg/kg/day) increased the serum osteocalcin levels and the tibial BMD, and decreased the serum glucose levels without changing the serum insulin levels. These findings indicate that PTH(1-34) improved not only BMD but also glucose metabolism in SDT-fa/fa rats. This study suggests that PTH(1-34) is a novel agent for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.  相似文献