Isolation and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus from a diseased horse in Japan     

Yamanaka T  Tsujimura K  Kondo T  Yasuda W  Okada A  Noda K  Okumura T  Matsumura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(3):293-295

Japanese encephalitis (JE) developed in an unvaccinated half-bred horse kept in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. The animal showed ataxia with pyrexia and low appetite, and ultimately died. A viral strain was isolated from the cerebrum of the horse and was identified as JE virus (JEV) by RT-PCR using JEV specific primers. The isolated JEV was classified into genotype I by nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral envelope gene. We believe that this is the first report of the genotype I strain being isolated from a horse.  相似文献   

The Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine requirements of white leghorn chicks     

S. Mori  J. Okumura 《British poultry science》1984,25(1):19-25

1. The requirements for leucine, isoleucine and valine were determined in 8‐ to 18‐d‐old White Leghorn male chicks. The requirements were estimated from body‐weight gains.

2. The estimated requirements for leucine, isoleucine and valine were 200, 115 and 125 mg/bird d, or 12–0, 5.0 and 8.0 g/kg diet, respectively. In terms of concentration in the diet, they are broadly similar to results for broiler‐type chicks.

3. When body‐weight gain was plotted against daily intakes of each amino acid, significant (P < 0.01) quadratic regression equations were obtained. The equations showed some characteristics of the individual amino acids.  相似文献   

Role of dietary γ‐linolenic acid in liver lipid metabolism in Japanese quail     

A. Murai  M. Furuse  J. Okumura 《British poultry science》1995,36(5):821-827

1. The importance of linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) itself and of dietary y‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐6) as essential fatty acids (EFA) in Japanese quail were investigated with regard to liver lipid metabolism. Experimental diets were made by adding of 0, 2 or 4 g γ‐linolenic acid/kg, or 20 g linoleic acid/kg to an n‐6 EFA‐free diet. From 3 to 6 weeks of age, birds were fed equal amounts of experimental diets.

2. liver weight and lipid content in birds fed the 2 and 4 g γ‐linolenic acid/kg diet were significantly lower than those in birds fed the γ‐linolenic acid‐free diet. However, no significant difference was observed between the γ‐linolenic acid‐ and linoleic acid‐supplemented diets.

3. In birds fed the 4 g γ‐linolenic acid/kg diet, the proportion of arachidonic acid in the liver lipid was similar to that in quail fed the 20 g linoleic acid/kg diet, implying a conversion rate from linoleic acid to y‐linolenic acid of approximately 20% of whole body content.

4. It is concluded that linoleic acid itself is not essential for Japanese quail and that at least 2 g/kg of γ‐linolenic acid in the diet completely prevents liver enlargement accompanied by lipid accumulation.  相似文献   

An Inter‐Subspecies Cloned Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Obtained by Transferring of Cryopreserved Embryos via Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer     

BZ Yang  CY Yang  RC Li  GS Qin  XF Zhang  CY Pang  MT Chen  FX Huang  Z Li  HY Zheng  YJ Huang  XW Liang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e21-e25

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of cryopreservation of inter‐subspecies cloned embryos in buffalo. In our experiment, river buffalo ear fibroblast nucleus was fused into swamp buffalo oocyte cytoplasm. The blastocyst formation rate for nuclear transfer of freshly thawed cells was not different from those of growing cells, confluent or serum‐starved cells. A total of 122 cloned blastocysts derived from cryopreserved fibroblasts were cryopreserved and thawed, 37 were survived, the cryosurvival rate was 30.3%. The survived blastocysts were transferred into 15 recipient buffalos. Five of the recipients established pregnancy, but four of them aborted on day 53, 59, 145 and 179 of gestation respectively. One cross‐bred buffalo (Murrah × Swamp buffalo (2n = 49) received three embryos delivered a 40.5 kg female calf by natural delivery on day 320 of gestation. Up to now (13‐month old), the cloned calf has been growing well with no abnormity observed. These results demonstrated that cryopreservation of inter‐subspecies cloned embryos is feasible to produce buffalo offspring.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary medium chain triglyceride on protein and energy utilisation in growing chicks.     

M Furuse  R T Mabayo  K Kita  J Okumura 《British poultry science》1992,33(1):49-57

1. Protein, fat and energy retentions of chicks fed on diets containing medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT), at 100 and 200 g fat/kg diet, were investigated. Maize oil was used as the LCT source. The MCT used was glyceryl tricaprylate. 2. Body weight gain and food intake were decreased with the diets containing MCT and these effects were greater at the higher fat concentration. Protein retention was also reduced by dietary MCT, although the efficiency of protein utilisation (protein retained/protein intake) was not altered. 3. The values for fat and energy retentions were significantly lower in the chicks fed on the MCT-supplemented diets than in those receiving the LCT-containing diets. Dietary ME values and efficiencies for energy utilisation (energy retained/ME intake) were also reduced by dietary MCT.  相似文献   

Effect of intestinal microflora on digestible energy and fiber digestion in chickens fed a high-fiber diet.     

T Muramatsu  H Kodama  T Morishita  M Furuse  J Okumura 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(7):1178-1181

The effect of intestinal microflora on digestible energy (DE) value and fiber digestion was studied in single-comb White Leghorn chickens fed a low-fiber diet (experiment 1) or a high-fiber diet with low or adequate metabolizable energy (ME) value (experiment 2). Fecal energy excretion was calculated from the difference between total energy excretion in urinary and fecal droppings and urinary energy excretion, which was estimated from the energy values for individual urinary nitrogenous compounds extracted with Li2CO3. When the birds were fed the low-fiber diet, no differences in growth, DE, or ME were observed between germ-free and conventional environments. Of birds fed the high-fiber diet, growth of those in the conventional environment was similar to that of the birds in the germ-free environment at the adequate ME value, whereas birds in the conventional environment grew faster than the birds in the germ-free environment at the low ME value. Changes in observed dietary ME values of the high-fiber diets, being higher in birds in the conventional environment than in birds in the germ-free environment (experiment 2), were almost entirely accounted for by those in dietary DE values, most of which was contributed by crude fiber digestion. It was concluded, therefore, that by means of fiber digestion, the intestinal microflora may benefit the host bird by supplying extra energy, which would result in growth promotion, particularly when the bird is deficient in energy.  相似文献   

Mechanism of macrophage activation by chitin derivatives   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mori T  Murakami M  Okumura M  Kadosawa T  Uede T  Fujinaga T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(1):51-56

In order to analyze the detailed mechanisms responsible for macrophage activation by chitin derivatives, resident peritoneal macrophages were prepared and stimulated with chitin, chitosan and low-molecular weight chitosan. Our findings were as follows: (i) chitosan induced apoptosis of peritoneal macrophages, but this did not occur when chitin or water soluble low-molecular weight chitosan were used; (ii) chitosan treatment induced activation markers, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, class II, Fc receptors, transferrin receptor, mannose receptor, Fas, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, whereas chitin and low molecular weight soluble chitosan induced only the expression of MHC class I and II molecules; (iii) apoptosis induced by chitosan was mediated by the Fas signaling pathway, in response to phagocytosis via the mannose receptor. We conclude that since chitosan activates macrophages, this may be the mechanism by which it accelerates wound healing.  相似文献   

Relationship of disease progression and plasma histamine concentrations in 11 dogs with mast cell tumors     

Ishiguro T  Kadosawa T  Takagi S  Kim G  Ohsaki T  Bosnakovski D  Okumura M  Fujinaga T 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(2):194-198

Plasma histamine concentrations (PHCs) were measured serially over 9 months or until death in 11 dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs). Eight dogs had grossly visible disease and the other 3 dogs had microscopic disease. Initial PHCs in the dogs with gross disease were significantly higher than PHCs in healthy dogs (median, 0.73 ng/mL and 0.19 ng/mL respectively; P < .009), whereas initial PHCs in dogs with microscopic disease showed no difference from controls. Seven dogs subsequently had progressive increases in PHC, and developed hyperhistaminemia (median, 14.0 ng/mL; range, 5.11-30.1 ng/nL). These 7 dogs died from MCTs, and 1 had general weakness with rapid lysis of a large tumor burden after radiation therapy. PHCs of the other 4 dogs were less than 1 ng/mL during the study. These 4 dogs were still alive with adequate control of the tumor at the conclusion of the study. Four of the 11 dogs initially had gastrointestinal (G1) signs, which abated soon after administration of histamine-2 (H-2) blockers. No significant difference was found between PHCs in dogs with GI signs and those without GI signs (median, 0.86 ng/mL and 0.35 ng/mL. respectively). Thereafter, 7 dogs had serious GI complications for which H-2 blocker therapy was ineffective. PHCs in these 7 dogs were extremely high (median, 12.2 ng/mL; range, 3.42-30.1 ng/nL). Results of this study demonsrated that PHC was one factor related to disease progression, and indicated that marked hyperhistaminemia was associated with the GI signs refractory to H-2 blocker therapy in dogs with MCTs.  相似文献   

Effect of isotonic and hypotonic lactated ringer's solutions with dextrose intravenously administered to dehydrated heifers     

Suzuki K  Okumura J  Abe I  Iwabuchi S  Kanayama K  Asano R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(4):335-340

To determine the effects of rapid infusion of essential fluids in a volume of hypotonic lactated Ringer's solution, the central venous pressure (CVP) and acid-base equilibrium were investigated in to mildly dehydrated heifers. Mild dehydration was induced in 9 Holstein heifers by withholding food and water until 7.0+/-5.7% of plasma volume had been lost. The heifers were randomly assigned to the ILG (lactated Ringer's + 5% dextrose), HLG (1/2 lactated Ringer's + 2.2% dextrose) or HRG (1/2 Ringer's + 2.5% dextrose) groups with 3 heifers in each group. Heifers received 30 ml/kg of one of the fluids, at a flow rate of 20 ml/kg/hr. The rapid intravenous (IV) infusions of HLG and HRG used in this study were found to be safe and effective in increasing plasma volume without increasing CVP, even though the infusion was given to the jugular vein at a dosage of 30 ml/kg. However, ILG infusion induced progressive increases in CVP, reaching 9.0+/-2.0 mmHg. No clinical signs, such as moist rales on auscultation, moist cough, jugular vein congestion, ophthalmoptosis, salivation or arrhythmia, were observed throughout the fluid infusion. The relative changes in base excess (rBE) for the ILG and HRG groups were significantly decreased until the end of fluid infusion. As for the HLG group, rBE slightly decreased until the end of the fluid infusion. Then the values significantly increased and exceeded the pre-infusion value at the end of the experiment. While IV infusion of HLG inhibited acidification caused by dilution, HRG infusion induced diluted acidification. It is suggested that HLG infusion should be examined as a treatment for cattle with dehydration and moderate metabolic acidosis, since rapid infusion of HLG may be more beneficial for rehydrating cattle with metabolic acidosis than current treatment.  相似文献   

Surgical salvage from comminuted metatarsal fracture using a weight-bearing pin-putty apparatus in a dog     

Okumura M  Watanabe K  Kadosawa T  Fujinaga T 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(2):95-98

Comminuted metatarsal fractures in a dog were treated using intramedullary pins externally connected and stabilized by epoxy resin putty and application of a fibreglass cast. Two weeks later the cast was removed. After further 2 weeks application of a Robert-Jones bandage the dog could stand and walk with the pin-putty apparatus in position. The pin-putty apparatus was removed 3 months postoperatively, and the dog resumed normal activity. This fixation method could be an easy, economical and effective alternative treatment for managing comminuted fractures of the metatarsal and possibly metacarpal bones in selected cases.  相似文献