Evaluation of bioequivalence after oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration of racemic ketoprofen in pigs     

Raekallio MR  Mustonen KM  Heinonen ML  Peltoniemi OA  Säkkinen MS  Peltoniemi SM  Honkavaara JM  Vainio OM 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(1):108-113

OBJECTIVE: To assess bioequivalence after oral, IM, and IV administration of racemic ketoprofen in pigs and to investigate the bioavailability after oral and IM administration. ANIMALS: 8 crossbred pigs. PROCEDURES: Each pig received 4 treatments in a randomized crossover design, with a 6-day washout period. Ketoprofen was administered at 3 and 6 mg/kg, PO; 3 mg/kg, IM; and 3 mg/kg, IV. Plasma ketoprofen concentrations were measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography for up to 48 hours. To assess bioequivalence, a 90% confidence interval was calculated for the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)). RESULTS: Equivalence was not detected in the AUCs among the various routes of administration nor in C(max) between oral and IM administration of 3 mg/kg. The bioavailability of ketoprofen was almost complete after each oral or IM administration. Mean +/- SD C(max) was 5.09 +/- 1.41 microg/mL and 7.62 +/- 1.22 microg/mL after oral and IM doses of 3 mg/kg, respectively. Mean elimination half-life varied from 3.52 +/- 0.90 hours after oral administration of 3 mg/kg to 2.66 +/- 0.50 hours after IV administration. Time to peak C(max) after administration of all treatments was approximately 1 hour. Increases in AUC and C(max) were proportional when the orally administered dose was increased from 3 to 6 mg/kg. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Orally administered ketoprofen was absorbed well in pigs, although bioequivalence with IM administration of ketoprofen was not detected. Orally administered ketoprofen may have potential for use in treating pigs.  相似文献   

Genomic prediction of grain yield in commercial Finnish oat (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) breeding programmes     

Hanna Haikka  Timo Knürr  Outi Manninen  Leena Pietilä  Mika Isolahti  Esa Teperi  Esa A. Mäntysaari  Ismo Strandén 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(3):550-561

Genomic selection has been adopted in many plant breeding programmes. In this paper, we cover some aspects of information necessary before starting genomic selection. Spring oat and barley breeding data sets from commercial breeding programmes were studied using single, multitrait and trait-assisted models for predicting grain yield. Heritabilities were higher when estimated using multitrait models compared to single-trait models. However, no corresponding increase in prediction accuracy was observed in a cross-validation scenario. On the other hand, forward prediction showed a slight, but not significant, increase in accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values for breeding cohorts when a multitrait model was applied. When a correlated trait was used in a trait-assisted model, on average the accuracies increased by 9%–14% for oat and by 11%–28% for barley compared with a single-trait model. Overall, accuracies in forward validation varied between breeding cohorts and years for grain yield. Forward prediction accuracies for multiple cohorts and multiple years’ data are reported for oat for the first time.  相似文献   

The cardiopulmonary effects of a peripheral alpha‐2‐adrenoceptor antagonist,MK‐467, in dogs sedated with a combination of medetomidine and butorphanol     

Kati Salla  Flavia Restitutti  Mari Vainionpää  Jouni Junnila  Juhana Honkavaara  Erja Kuusela  Marja Raekallio  Outi Vainio 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(6):567-574

ObjectiveTo compare the cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) medetomidine and butorphanol with or without MK-467.Study designProspective, randomized experimental cross-over.AnimalsEight purpose–bred beagles (two females, six males), 3–4 years old and weighing 14.5 ±1.6 kg (mean ± SD).MethodsAll dogs received four different treatments as follows: medetomidine 20 μg kg^?1 and butorphanol tartrate 0.1 mg kg^?1 IV and IM (MB), and MB combined with MK-467,500 μg kg^?1 (MBMK) IV and IM. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressures (SAP, MAP, DAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output, respiratory rate (f_R), rectal temperature (RT) were measured and arterial blood samples were obtained for gas analysis at baseline and at 3, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after drug administration. The cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) were calculated. After the follow-up period atipamezole 50 μg kg^?1 IM was given to reverse sedation.ResultsHR, CI and DO₂I were significantly higher with MBMK after both IV and IM administration. Similarly, SAP, MAP, DAP, CVP, SVRI and RT were significantly lower after MBMK than with MB. There were no differences in f_R between treatments, but arterial partial pressure of oxygen decreased transiently after all treatments. Recoveries were uneventful following atipamezole administration after all treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMK-467 attenuated the cardiovascular effects of a medetomidine-butorphanol combination after IV and IM administration.  相似文献   

Enzymes of Trichoderma and other origin in biopreparation of cotton          下载免费PDF全文

Anita Losonczi　 George Szakacs　 Emilia Csiszar　 Outi Kareela 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):437-437

Preparation and bleaching are among the most energy and chemical intensive steps of the traditional cotton finishing. About 75% of the organic pollutants arising from textile finishing are derived from the preparation of cotton goods. Biopreparation may be a valuable and environmentally friendly alternative to harsh alkaline chemicals for preparing of cotton. Different enzymes i.e. cellulases, pectinases, lipases and proteases have been tested for biopreparation. Many papers have been publishe…  相似文献   

Combined effects of dexmedetomidine and vatinoxan infusions on minimum alveolar concentration and cardiopulmonary function in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs     

Rachel C. Hector  Marlis L. Rezende  Khursheed R. Mama  Eugene P. Steffey  Marja R. Raekallio  Outi M. Vainio 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(3):314-323

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of combined infusions of vatinoxan and dexmedetomidine on inhalant anesthetic requirement and cardiopulmonary function in dogs.Study designProspective experimental study.MethodsA total of six Beagle dogs were anesthetized to determine sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) prior to and after an intravenous (IV) dose (loading, then continuous infusion) of dexmedetomidine (4.5 μg kg^–1 hour^–1) and after two IV doses of vatinoxan in sequence (90 and 180 μg kg^–1 hour^–1). Blood was collected for plasma dexmedetomidine and vatinoxan concentrations. During a separate anesthesia, cardiac output (CO) was measured under equivalent MAC conditions of sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine, and then with each added dose of vatinoxan. For each treatment, cardiovascular variables were measured with spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Repeated measures analyses were performed for each response variable; for all analyses, p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsDexmedetomidine reduced sevoflurane MAC by 67% (0.64 ± 0.1%), mean ± standard deviation in dogs. The addition of vatinoxan attenuated this to 57% (0.81 ± 0.1%) and 43% (1.1 ± 0.1%) with low and high doses, respectively, and caused a reduction in plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations. Heart rate and CO decreased while systemic vascular resistance increased with dexmedetomidine regardless of ventilation mode. The co-administration of vatinoxan dose-dependently modified these effects such that cardiovascular variables approached baseline.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIV infusions of 90 and 180 μg kg^–1 hour^–1 of vatinoxan combined with 4.5 μg kg^–1 hour^–1 dexmedetomidine provide a meaningful reduction in sevoflurane requirement in dogs. Although sevoflurane MAC-sparing properties of dexmedetomidine in dogs are attenuated by vatinoxan, the cardiovascular function is improved. Doses of vatinoxan >180 μg kg^–1 hour^–1 might improve cardiovascular function further in combination with this dose of dexmedetomidine, but beneficial effects on anesthesia plane and recovery quality may be lost.  相似文献   

Engineering of a broad specificity antibody for simultaneous detection of 13 sulfonamides at the maximum residue level     

Korpimäki T  Brockmann EC  Kuronen O  Saraste M  Lamminmäki U  Tuomola M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(1):40-47

Sulfa antibiotics (sulfonamides) are a group of molecules sharing the p-aminobenzenesulfonamide moiety. Sulfonamides are used in veterinary and human medicine. Sometimes, the meat or milk of medicated animals is contaminated with residual sulfonamides. Current analytical methods for sulfonamides are unfit for screening of food, because they are either too laborious, insensitive, or specific for a few sulfa compounds only. A rapid immunoassay for detection of all sulfas in a single reaction would thus be useful. Previously, we used protein engineering to improve the broad specificity of sulfa antibody 27G3. In this study, we improved the best mutant of the previous studies with site-directed mutagenesis. The new mutants recognized different sulfonamides with affinities sufficient for detection of all 13 tested sulfonamides below the MRL level. We furthermore demonstrated the functionality of one mutant in some real sample matrices.  相似文献   

Short-term uptake of <Superscript>15</Superscript>NH<Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>+</Superscript> into soil microbes and seedlings of pine,spruce and birch in potted soils     

Outi?PrihaEmail author  Aino?Smolander 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,37(5):324-327

Short-term competition between soil microbes and seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) for N was assessed in a pot study using (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ as a tracer. Seedlings were grown in organic and mineral soil, collected from a podsol soil; 3.18 mg (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ per pot were injected into the soil, corresponding to 4 µg ¹⁵N g^-1 d.m. (dry matter) mineral soil and 17 µg ¹⁵N g^-1 d.m. organic soil. The amounts of N and ¹⁵N in the seedlings and in microbial biomass derived from fumigation-extraction were measured 48 h after addition of ¹⁵N. In the mineral soil, 19–30% of the added ¹⁵N was found in the plants and 14–20% in the microbial biomass. There were no statistically significant differences between the tree species. In the organic soil, 74% of the added ¹⁵N was recovered in the microbial biomass in birch soil, compared to 26% and 17% in pine and spruce soils, respectively. Correspondingly, about 70% of the ¹⁵N was recovered in pine and spruce seedlings, and only 23% in birch seedlings. In conclusion, plants generally competed more successfully for added ¹⁵NH₄ ⁺ than soil microbes did. An exception was birch growing in organic soil, where the greater amount of available C from birch root exudates perhaps enabled micro-organisms to utilise more N.  相似文献   

Microbial community structure and characteristics of the organic matter in soils under Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula pendula at two forest sites     

Outi Priha  Susan J. Grayston  Risto Hiukka  Taina Pennanen  A. Smolander 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2001,33(1):17-24

 Microbial biomass C (C_mic), C mineralization rate, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) using Biolog were determined from the humus and mineral soil layers in adjacent stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) at two forest sites of different fertility. In addition, the Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra were run on the samples for characterization of the organic matter. C_mic and C mineralization rate tended to be lowest under spruce and highest under birch, at the fertile site in all soil layers and at the less fertile site in the humus layer. There were also differences in microbial community structure in soils under different tree species. In the humus layer the PLFAs separated all tree species and in the mineral soil spruce was distinct from pine and birch. CLPPs did not distinguish microbial communities from the different tree species. The FTIR spectra did not separate the tree species, but clearly separated the two sites. Received: 3 December 1999  相似文献   

Activation of complement system in kidney after ketoprofen-induced kidney injury in sheep     

Mari J Palviainen  Sami Junnikkala  Marja Raekallio  Seppo Meri  Outi Vainio 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat inflammatory pain in humans and animals. An overdose of an NSAID is nephrotoxic and can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Complement activation occurs in several types of renal disorders with proteinuria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether complement system becomes activated in kidneys after a high dose of NSAID. Kidney tissue and urine samples were collected from six sheep with ketoprofen-induced AKI and from six healthy control sheep. The localization of complement proteins in kidney tissue was carried out using immunohistochemical stainings, and excretion of C3 was tested by immunoblotting.

Results

The complement system was found to become activated in the kidney tissue as demonstrated by positive immunostaining for C1q, C3c, C4c, C5, C9 and factor H and by Western blotting analysis of C3 activation products in urine samples in sheep with AKI.

Conclusions

Our results thus suggest that the alternative complement pathway is activated, and it may contribute to the acute tubular injury seen in the kidneys of NSAID-induced AKI sheep. Inhibition of complement activation may serve as potential therapeutic target for intervention in drug-induced AKI.  相似文献   

Thermographic imaging of superficial temperature in dogs sedated with medetomidine and butorphanol with and without MK‐467 (L‐659’066)     

Mari Vainionpää  Kati Salla  Flávia Restitutti  Marja Raekallio  Jouni Junnila  Marjatta Snellman  Outi Vainio 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(2):142-148

ObjectiveTo record, with a thermal camera, peripheral temperature changes during different sedation protocols and to relate the results to changes in the rectal temperature.Study designRandomized crossover part-blinded experimental study.AnimalsEight healthy purpose-bred neutered Beagles (two females and six males) weight 14.5 ± 1.6 kg (mean ± SD) and aged 3–4 years.MethodsEach dog was sedated four times. Treatments were medetomidine 20 μg kg^?1 and butorphanol 0.1 mg kg^?1 (MB) with or without MK-467 500 μg kg^?1 (MK). Both drug combinations were administered IV and IM as separate treatments. A thermal camera (T425, FLIR) with a resolution of 320 by 240 was used for imaging.The dogs were placed in lateral recumbency on an insulated mattress. Digital (DFT) and metatarsal footpad temperatures (MFT) were measured with thermography. Thermograms and rectal temperature (RT) were taken before and at 3, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after treatment.ResultsAt 60 minutes after drug administration, MFT was higher (p < 0.001) after MB+MK (34.5 ± 1.1 IV, 34.8 ± 0.5 IM) than MB (31.1 ± 2.9 IV, 30.5 ± 3.6 IM), DFT was higher (p < 0.001) after MB+MK (33.6 ± 1.4 IV, 34.0 ± 0.6 IM) than MB (26.7 ± 1.4 IV, 26.7 ± 2.5 IM), and RT was lower (p < 0.001) after MB+MK (36.7 ± 0.8 IV, 36.9 ± 0.3 IM) than MB (37.5 ± 0.3 IV, 37.4 ± 0.4 IM), with both routes. The change from baseline was greater with MB+MK than MB in all variables.ConclusionsSuperficial temperature changes can be seen and detected with thermography. MK-467 used with MB resulted in increased superficial temperatures and a decline in rectal temperature compared to MB alone.Clinical relevanceThe sedation protocol may influence core temperature loss, and may also have an effect on thermographic images.  相似文献