Erratum to: Occurrence and Environmental Fate of Veterinary Antibiotics in the Terrestrial Environment     

Kwon-Rae Kim  Gary Owens  Soon-Ik Kwon  Kyu-Ho So  Deog-Bae Lee  Yong Sik Ok 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):6213-6214

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Developments and directions of the Journal of Soils and Sediments: 2011 and beyond     

Zhihong Xu  Philip N. Owens 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(1):1-2

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Occurrence and Environmental Fate of Veterinary Antibiotics in the Terrestrial Environment   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kwon-Rae Kim  Gary Owens  Soon-Ik Kwon  Kyu-Ho So  Deog-Bae Lee  Yong Sik Ok 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,214(1-4):163-174

A wide variety of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) has been detected in environmental water samples, and this is of potential environmental concern due to their adverse effects. In particular, the potential for development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has raised social concerns leading to intensive investigation regarding the influence of antibiotics on human and ecosystem health. One of the main sources of antibiotic effluence to the environment is livestock manures that often contain elevated levels of VAs that survive normal digestive procedures following medication in animal husbandry because unlike human waste, waste generated on farms does not undergo tertiary wastewater treatment, and consequently, the concentration of antibiotics entering the environment is expected to be larger from farming practices. Animal feed is often supplemented with VAs to promote growth and parasite resistance in the medicated animals, and this practice typically resulted in higher use of VAs and consequential excretion from livestock through urine and feces. The excretion rate varied depending on the type of VA used with around 75, 90, and 50?C100% being excreted for chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tyolsin, respectively. The excreted VAs that initially present in livestock manures were degraded more than 90% when proper composting practice was used, and hence, this can be employed as a management strategy to decrease VA environmental loads. The reduction of VA concentrations during composting was mainly attributed to abiotic processes rather than biotic degradation. The VAs released to soils by the application of manure and manure-based composts can be degraded or inactivated to various degrees through abiotic process such as adsorption to soil components. Depending on the antibiotic species and soil properties, residues can be transferred to groundwater and surface water through leaching and runoff and can potentially be taken up by plants.  相似文献   

The effects of vermicompost tea on the growth and yield of lettuce and tomato in a non-circulating hydroponics system     

Norman Q. Arancon  John Dean Owens  Chad Converse 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(19):2447-2458

The use of vermicompost water extracts (teas) in horticulture to increase plant growth and yield and suppress pests and diseases, is well documented. However, its utilization and effects in hydroponics systems are unknown. Low concentrations of vermicompost teas, produced from food wastes, at rates of 1.6% and 3.2% for lettuce and 0.14%, 0.28% and 0.56% for tomatoes were investigated as additive and supplement in static hydroponic systems. Vermicompost teas significantly increased lettuce yields when concentrations of nutrient solutions were reduced to 25% and 50% of the recommended full rate for nutrient solutions compared to treatments without vermicompost teas. Even lower concentrations of vermicompost teas increased tomato yields significantly as a supplement in reduced nutrient solutions of 50%. The presence of a combination of trace amounts of plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins and humic acids in vermicomposts teas are likely the responsible factor that increased yields of lettuce and tomato in static hydroponics systems with lower concentrations of nutrient solutions.  相似文献   

Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of unwilted red clover and alfalfa silage harvested at various times during the day   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

V. N. Owens  K. A. Albrecht†  R. E. Muck‡ 《Grass and Forage Science》2002,57(4):329-341

Extensive proteolysis during fermentation of high‐protein legumes reduces dietary N‐use efficiency in ruminants. Research has demonstrated that enhancing the level of fermentable carbohydrates in crops entering the silo may reduce protein degradation by increasing the rate of decline in pH. The objective was to evaluate whether delaying cutting time during the day, to allow accumulation of total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC), would inhibit proteolysis in the silo. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were harvested at 06.00, 10.00, 14.00 and 18.00 hours in 1993, 1994 and 1995, and ensiled without wilting. TNC accumulated in fresh forage during the day, with starch accounting for more than 0·50 of the daily change in TNC in fresh herbage of both species, except in red clover in 1995. The level of TNC in fresh forage did not consistently affect the extent of protein degradation in either species and, in all instances, alfalfa underwent more extensive proteolysis than red clover. Silage pH typically decreased and starch concentration increased as cutting time was delayed from 06.00 to 18.00 hours. Although the extent of proteolysis was largely unaffected by inherent increases in TNC, harvesting in the afternoon did provide several benefits including increased dry‐matter content, lower silage pH and higher starch concentrations. Effluent production is a concern in any unwilted silage system; there was therefore an added advantage of lower moisture content from cutting in the afternoon.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary nitrogen level and ileal antibiotic administration on digestion and passage rate in beef heifers. II. High-forage diets     

A L Goetsch  F N Owens 《Journal of animal science》1986,62(3):844-856

Four beef heifers (258 kg), fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae (T-type), were fed a high-forage diet with a low (L) or high (H) level of N (1.44 and 2%, respectively), and received daily doses of either antibiotics (A; 2 g neomycin sulfate and .25 g of bacitracin) or saline (S) into the ileum in a 4 X 4 Latin-square experiment. Passage of nonammonia-N to the duodenum represented 128, 142, 92 and 104% of N intake for LS, LA, HS and HA treatments, respectively, indicating that administration of antibiotics into the ileum tended to increase the output of N from the rumen. Digestion of organic matter, acid detergent fiber and starch in the rumen tended to be lower in animals receiving antibiotics in the terminal ileum. Administration of antibiotics into the ileum tended to increase ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration with the H diet, but to decrease ruminal NH3-N with the L diet. Particle passage rate from the rumen, estimated from marker concentrations in feces, was negatively related to ruminal organic matter digestion (r = -.52; P less than .03). Ileal antibiotic infusion tended to slow passage of fluid from the rumen and hindgut, but to increase volume of digesta in the hindgut.  相似文献   

Extraction of an infected tusk in an adult African elephant     

M Briggs  M Schmidt  D Black  R Roach  J Opdahl  G Stark  D Owens  M Driver 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,192(10):1455-1456

An 18-year-old African elephant was determined to have a nonrepairable crack in its left tusk. Treatment included extraction of the tusk, using rotational and extractional forces, and administration of antibiotics, followed by 1 year of flushing the opened tusk cavity with warm tap water. Two years after surgery, the elephant was healthy, and the tusk cavity was 80% filled with normal tissue.  相似文献   

Effects of calcium source and level on site of digestion and calcium levels in the digestive tract of cattle fed high-concentrate diets     

A L Goetsch  F N Owens 《Journal of animal science》1985,61(4):995-1003

The effect of calcium (Ca) source and level on site of digestion of an 88% concentrate diet was tested with four 431-kg, intestine-cannulated steers in a 4 X 4 Latin square experiment. Diets, limit-fed at 1.3% of body weight, contained .25% Ca with no supplemental Ca (B), .40 or .48% Ca from addition of either .95% CaCl2-2H2O (Cl) or .65% CaCO3 (LL), or 1.11% Ca from addition of 2.5% CaCO3 (HL). No effects of source of Ca (CaCl2-2H2O vs CaCO3) were observed, although ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (N) concentrations tended to be lower with Cl. Ruminal fluid dilution rate increased linearly (P less than .05) with the addition of Ca to the diet. Ruminal fluid dilution rate and volume were negatively related (r = -.72; P less than .01). Organic matter (OM) and starch digestibilities in the rumen tended to decline with the addition of Ca to the diet, while postruminal OM and starch disappearance increased (P less than .05) to compensate. Flow of N to the duodenum decreased (P greater than .05) with addition of Ca to the diet. Concentrations of soluble Ca found in ruminal and duodenal fluid increased linearly (P less than .05) with dietary Ca intake. Intestinal Ca disappearance increased linearly and quadratically (P less than .05) with increasing dietary Ca and exceeded 80% of Ca entering the small intestine. In a second experiment, the rate of in situ dry matter (DM) disappearance of rolled corn was not greatly altered by addition of Ca to the diet.  相似文献   

Comparison of Tube,Gel, and Immunochromatographic Strip Methods for Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Compatibility in Horses          下载免费PDF全文

D. Luethy  S.D. Owens  D. Stefanovski  R. Nolen‐Walston  U. Giger 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(6):1864-1871

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Factors associated with the risk of antibiotic residues and intramammary pathogen presence in milk from heifers administered prepartum intramammary antibiotic therapy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andrew SM  Moyes KM  Borm AA  Fox LK  Leslie KE  Hogan JS  Oliver SP  Schukken YH  Owens WE  Norman C 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,134(1-2):150-156

Heifers (n=136) from 5 herds were treated with a commercially available beta-lactam intramammary (IMM) antibiotic preparation containing cephapirin sodium at 10-21 d prior to anticipated parturition to evaluate the risk of antibiotic residues occurring in milk postpartum and to determine factors associated with antibiotic residues and IMM pathogen presence in milk postpartum. Mammary secretions collected from quarters before antibiotic administration and during weeks 1, 2 and 3 postpartum were analyzed for mastitis pathogens. Composite milk was collected at milkings 3, 6 and 10 postpartum and analyzed for beta-lactam residues using a microbial inhibition antibiotic residue screening test. Antibiotic residues were confirmed with beta-lactamase treatment and re-tested for residues. Residues were detected in 28.0, 8.82 and 3.68% of milk samples obtained at the third, sixth, and tenth milking postpartum, respectively. Increases in interval between prepartum antibiotic therapy and parturition and an increase in the postpartum interval to sampling were associated with a decrease in risk of antibiotic residues. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk at the third milking was associated with a reduced risk for IMM pathogen prevalence in the first 21 d postpartum. Lower somatic cell counts, an increase in mean milk yield over 200 days in milk and a reduction in IMM pathogen prevalence were associated with the presence of an antibiotic in milk postpartum. Screening milk for antibiotic residues in milk postpartum following prepartum antibiotic therapy in heifers is recommended to reduce the risk for antibiotic residue contamination of milk.  相似文献