Vitamin E supplementation in beef finishing diets containing 35% wet distillers grains with solubles: feedlot performance and carcass characteristics     

Burken DB  Hicks RB  VanOverbeke DL  Hilton GG  Wahrmund JL  Holland BP  Krehbiel CR  Camfield PK  Richards CJ 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(4):1349-1355

Supplementation of vitamin E has indications for improving cattle health, performance, and retail characteristics when included in grain-based diets. This experiment was conducted to determine performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed diets containing wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and supplemented with vitamin E. Steers of mixed Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeding (n = 199; BW = 363 ± 32 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned to 1 of 4 supplemental vitamin E (VITE) treatments [0 (control), 125, 250, and 500 IU·steer(-1)·d(-1)], which were fed for the last 97 d of the feeding period. Two blocks were on feed 129 d, and 3 blocks were fed for 150 d. Steers were fed a dry-rolled corn-based finishing diet with 35% WDGS (DM basis). Individual BW were measured initially, the initial day of vitamin E supplementation, and the day of slaughter. Carcass weights were collected at slaughter, and carcass data were collected after a 36-h chill. Body weight and ADG were not affected by VITE (P ≥ 0.34). There was a tendency for a linear (P = 0.08) increase in carcass-adjusted BW with increasing VITE. Use of carcass-adjusted final BW resulted in a linear increase (P = 0.04) in ADG with increasing VITE. Pre-vitamin E and vitamin E feeding period DMI were not affected (P ≥ 0.24) by VITE, but there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a linear increase in overall DMI with increasing VITE. No difference (P ≥ 0.29) occurred in G:F measures using BW gains, but G:F using carcass-adjusted BW gains resulted in a trend (P = 0.11) for G:F to increase linearly with increasing VITE. Hot carcass weights tended (P = 0.08) to increase linearly with increasing dietary vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation resulted in no effects (P ≥ 0.13) on measured carcass characteristics. Calculated yield grades (YG) were also not affected (P ≥ 0.37). However, the distribution of calculated YG resulted in a quadratic effect (P = 0.02) for YG 3 with the control and 500 VITE being greater than the 2 intermediate amounts. However, the percentage of carcasses grading YG 3 or less were not affected by vitamin E supplementation (P = 0.64). No differences were observed in the distribution of quality grades based on marbling scores (P ≥ 0.57). Data from this study suggest that vitamin E supplemented above basal requirements during the last 97 d of the feeding period in finishing diets containing 35% WDGS results in slight to no effect on animal performance or carcass characteristics.  相似文献   

Predicting milk yield and composition in lactating sows: a Bayesian approach     

Hansen AV  Strathe AB  Kebreab E  France J  Theil PK 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(7):2285-2298

The objective of this study was to develop a framework describing the milk production curve in sows as affected by parity, method of milk yield (MY) determination, litter size (LS), and litter gain (LG). A database containing data on LS, LG, dietary protein and fat content, MY, and composition measured on more than 1 d during lactation and method for determining MY from peer reviewed publications and individual sow data from 3 studies was constructed. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to analyze milk production data. The classical Wood curve was used to model time trends in MY during lactation, and it was re-parameterized expressing the natural logarithm of MY values at d 5, 20, and 30 as functional parameters. The model incorporated random effects of experiment, sow nested within experiment, and fixed effects of LS, LG, parity, and method through the functional parameters of the Wood curve. A second set of models were constructed to analyze milk composition data, including day in milk, LS, dietary protein, and fat contents. Four scenarios with different LG and LS were constructed using the framework to estimate the energy output in milk at different days during lactation. The estimated energy output was compared with energy output values calculated using the 1998 NRC method. Milk yield was underestimated by approximately 20% with the weigh-suckle-weigh technique compared with the deuterium oxide dilution technique (P < 0.001). The mean LG and LS for the dataset were 2.05 kg/d (1.0; 3.3) and 9.5 piglets (5; 14), respectively. The MY was affected by LS on d 5 and 20 (P < 0.001) and by LG on d 20 (P < 0.001) and d 30 (P = 0.004). The mean time to peak lactation was 18.7 d (SD = 1.06) postpartum and mean MY at peak lactation was 9.23 kg (SD = 0.14). The average protein, lactose, and fat content of milk was 5.22 (SD = 0.06), 5.41 (SD = 0.08), and 7.32% (SD = 0.17%), respectively. The NE requirement for lactation increased from d 5 to 20 because of increased MY. Requirements also increased with increasing LG and LS. The framework could be used to predict energy and protein requirements for lactation under different production expectations and can be incorporated into a whole animal model for determination of energy and nutrient requirements for lactating sows, which can optimize sow performance and longevity.  相似文献   

Feeding motivation and plasma metabolites in pregnant sows fed diets rich in dietary fiber either once or twice daily     

Jensen MB  Pedersen LJ  Theil PK  Yde CC  Bach Knudsen KE 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(6):1910-1919

The present study investigated the effects of source and level of dietary fiber (DF) and feeding frequency (once vs. twice daily) on feeding motivation and plasma metabolites at 4 different time points post feeding. Sixty pregnant sows (Sus scrofa, 4 blocks of 15 sows) were allocated to 1 of 5 diets within blocks. Four diets were restricted (approximately 35 MJ ME/d): a barley and wheat control diet (171 g DF/kg DM; 12 g DF/MJ ME), and 3 fiber diets formulated to contain 35% DF by including pectin residue (323 g DF/kg DM; 25 g DF/MJ ME), potato pulp (404 g DF/kg DM; 29 g DF/MJ ME), or sugar beet pulp (367 g DF/kg DM; 25 g DF/MJ ME). The fifth diet was a mixture including an equal amount of the 3 fiber diets offered semi ad libitum (ad libitum access to feed during 6 periods of 1 h starting at 0300, 0600, 1100, 1500, 1800, and 2300; 354 g DF/kg DM; 25 g DF/MJ ME). The experimental period included 2 periods of 4 wk each. Restricted-fed sows were fed once daily (0800 h) during the first period and twice daily (0800 and 1500 h) during the second period, or vice versa. Semi ad libitum fed sows had access to feed 6 times a day in both periods. In each period, the feeding motivation was assessed in an operant conditioning test, and samples of peripheral blood were taken in a balanced design, at 0900, 1200, 1900, and 0700 h, corresponding to 1, 4, 11, and 23 h after feeding for restricted sows fed once daily. No differences in the feeding motivation were found between the 4 restricted diets at any of the time points post feeding, but semi ad libitum fed sows had a decreased feeding motivation (P < 0.001). Among the restricted-fed sows, feeding twice daily resulted in decreased feeding motivation at 1900 h (P < 0.001) and at 0700h (P < 0.05) compared with feeding once daily, but not at 0900 and 1200 h, indicating that feeding twice daily reduced feeding motivation during the night compared with feeding once daily. Among restricted-fed sows, plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were greater in sows fed high-fiber diets compared with the control (P = 0.02). Nonesterified fatty acid was least in sows on the control diet and greatest in sows on the potato diet, whereas sows on the pectin and sugar beet diets were intermediate (P < 0.001). Less diurnal variation in glucose (P < 0.001) was seen in sows on high-fiber diets. In spite of the found effects on plasma metabolites, the applied level of fiber in the diet of restrictedly fed sows did not reduce their feeding motivation irrespective of fiber source.  相似文献   

Inactivation at various temperatures of bovine viral diarrhea virus in beef derived from persistently infected cattle     

Bratcher CL  Wilborn BS  Finegan HM  Rodning SP  Galik PK  Riddell KP  Marley MS  Zhang Y  Bell LN  Givens MD 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(2):635-641

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that is enzootic in most cattle populations throughout the world. This virus is present throughout the body of persistently infected (PI) cattle. Previous research has not assessed the cooking temperature at which BVDV in meat from PI cattle can be inactivated. Therefore, muscle tissue from 6 PI cattle was harvested, refrigerated, frozen, and heated to various internal temperatures. The concentration of virus present was determined by virus isolation. Average cell culture infective doses (50% endpoint; CCID(50)) of BVDV per gram of frozen, uncooked meat from PI cattle were 10(5.85) CCID(50)/g of whole cuts and 10(6.02) CCID(50)/g of ground meat. The virus in whole and ground meat was consistently inactivated when cooked to temperatures greater than or equal to 75°C. A second objective of this research was to thoroughly reassess if Vero cells were permissive to BVDV infection in our laboratory to provide further indication of whether primates, including humans, might be susceptible to BVDV. Vero cells were not permissive to infection with any of 43 different strains of BVDV that readily replicated in Madin Darby bovine kidney cells. In conclusion, this bovine pathogen, which is not considered to be a human pathogen, can be inactivated by cooking ground or whole cuts of meat to 75°C or higher. Care should be taken to ensure that susceptible hosts such as pigs are not fed improperly cooked meat, meat by-products, or waste food originating from PI cattle.  相似文献   

Effects of nutrient supply, plasma metabolites, and nutritional status of sows during transition on performance in the next lactation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hansen AV  Lauridsen C  Sørensen MT  Bach Knudsen KE  Theil PK 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(2):466-480

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nutrient supply, plasma metabolites, and nutritional status of sows during the transition from gestation to lactation on performance of piglets during the colostral period and throughout lactation. Forty second-parity sows were fed 1 of 4 gestation diets containing a different quantity of dietary fiber (171 to 404 g/kg of DM) from mating until d 108 of gestation. From d 108 of gestation until weaning (d 28 of lactation), sows were fed 1 of 5 lactation diets with a different quantity of dietary fat [3 or 8% with different proportions of medium- (MCFA) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)]. Blood was obtained by jugular venipuncture on d 108 and 112 of gestation and on d 1 of lactation, and concentrations of plasma glucose, NEFA, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and fatty acids were analyzed. Piglet growth and mortality were noted throughout lactation. Piglet mortality during the colostral period (0 to 24 h) was affected by the lactation diets and was positively related to sow backfat (d 108) and plasma lactate (d 112) and negatively related to mean piglet birth weight (P < 0.05). Mean piglet live BW gain (LWG) was recorded in the periods 0 to 24 h, 7 to 10 d, 14 to 17 d, and 17 to 28 d relative to parturition as indirect measures of colostrum yield (0 to 24 h), milk yield in early lactation (d 7 to 10), and at peak lactation (d 14 to 17 and d 17 to 28). Effects of gestation and lactation diets on studied sow traits were tested on selected days during the transition period and the next lactation, and tested statistically on separate days. The LWG in the colostral period was positively correlated with mean piglet birth weight (P < 0.001), plasma concentrations of propionate and MCFA (P < 0.05), and plasma acetate and butyrate (P < 0.1) on d 1 of lactation. The LWG in early lactation was inversely correlated with plasma lactate on d 108 (P < 0.05), plasma glucose on d 112, and backfat thickness on d 108 (P < 0.10). The LWG at peak lactation was positively correlated with MCFA intake of the sow on d 113 to 115 and backfat thickness on d 108 during the transition, and negatively correlated with intake of LCFA and ME intake on d 108 to 112 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding and body condition of sows during the transition from gestation to lactation is important for neonatal piglet survival, lactation performance of sows, and piglet growth during the next lactation.  相似文献   

Characterization of turkey inducible nitric oxide synthase and identification of its expression in the intestinal epithelium following astrovirus infection     

Meyerhoff RR  Nighot PK  Ali RA  Blikslager AT  Koci MD 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2012,35(1):63-69

The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme has long been recognized as a key mediator of innate immune responses to infectious diseases across the phyla. Its role in killing or inactivating bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens has been documented in numerous host systems. iNOS, and its innate immune mediator NO has also been described to have negative consequence on host tissues as well; therefore understanding the pathogenesis of any infectious agent which induces iNOS expression requires a better understanding of the role iNOS and NO play in that disease. Previous studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated evidence for increased levels of iNOS and activity of its innate immune mediator NO in the intestine of turkeys infected with astrovirus. To begin to characterize the role iNOS plays in the innate immune response to astrovirus infection, we identified, characterized, developed tkiNOS specific reagents, and demonstrated that the intestinal epithelial cells induce expression of iNOS following astrovirus infection. These data are the first to our knowledge to describe the tkiNOS gene, and demonstrate that astrovirus infection induces intestinal epithelial cells to express iNOS, suggesting these cells play a key role in the antiviral response to enteric infections.  相似文献   

恩施烟区土壤磷素与烤烟磷含量的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭燕  许自成  毕庆文  王海明  黎根  赵会纳 《土壤通报》2010,(2)

分析了湖北省恩施烟区土壤磷素与烤烟磷含量的状况及其相互关系,结果表明:恩施烟区土壤磷素含量偏低,全磷和速效磷含量分别为(0.63±0.23)gkg-1和(16.88±12.73)mgkg-1,二者之间存在极显著的正相关,相关系数为0.6353**。土壤全磷和速效磷含量在不同海拔高度、土层深度之间差异显著,海拔之间表现为:高海拔中海拔低海拔;土层之间表现为:0～20cm20～40cm40～60cm。烤烟磷素含量较低,平均为(1.68±0.32)gkg-1,在不同品种、海拔之间差异显著,品种之间表现为:云烟87K326云烟85,海拔之间表现为:高海拔中海拔低海拔。烤烟磷素含量在等级之间差异不显著,但随着叶位的升高,烤烟磷含量有升高的趋势。烤烟磷含量(y)与土壤速效磷含量(x)之间存在极显著的回归关系,y=0.1224+0.0026x,相关系数r=0.8582**。土壤速效磷含量分组后,随着土壤速效磷含量升高,烤烟磷含量也呈现出升高趋势。  相似文献   

产学研结合,促进烟草学科教学和科研跨越发展   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

汪耀富  刘国顺  时向东  许自成 《高等农业教育》2005,(3):63-66

烟草学科是河南农业大学的特色学科之一。本文介绍了实行产学研结合促进烟草学科教学、科研发展,推动我国烟叶生产所取得的成绩。由此,烟草学科也逐步发展成为国家烟草行业的人才培养基地、科学研究基地和技术推广基地。  相似文献   

Early antibody responses of cattle for foot-and-mouth disease quadrivalent double oil emulsion vaccine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Patil PK  Bayry J  Nair SP  Gopalakrishna S  Sajjanar CM  Misra LD  Natarajan C 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,87(2):103-109

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The multiplicity of FMDV serotypes in animals poses a central problem in the policy of vaccination and is of much concern to health authorities. Hence it is the practice of vaccination with polyvalent vaccine for prophylactic measure. In the present report, we analysed the early antibody responses elicited by FMDV quadrivalent (FMDV O, A, C and Asia 1 serotypes) double emulsion (Montanide ISA 206) vaccines in cattle. We observed variations between various viral serotypes in eliciting early antibody response although neutralizing antibody response against all the four serotypes were detected as early as fourth day following vaccination. The duration of immunity also appeared to maintain for long period. The neutralizing antibody titres were maintained well above 2log(10) even after 6 months of vaccination irrespective of serotypes. Thus, allows the possibilities of two vaccinations per year for the maintenance of herd immunity.  相似文献   

不同部位烤烟挥发性有机酸含量与烟叶品质的关系分析     

陈思昂  张环纬  陈彪  金伊楠  朱智威  魏烁果  李东亮  许自成 《河南农业科学》2019,48(2)

为了解不同部位烤烟挥发性有机酸含量和烟叶品质之间的关系,选取我国11个产区297份不同部位陈化烟叶,测定挥发性有机酸含量并对其进行描述统计,采用简单相关分析、回归分析、典型相关分析的方法,探讨不同部位烤烟挥发性有机酸含量与化学指标、感官评价指标的关系。结果表明,上、中、下部叶挥发性有机酸平均含量分别为15.63、13.56、11.92μg/g,且各个部位间差异极显著。各部位烟叶挥发性有机酸含量与化学指标的相关性不同,其中,挥发性有机酸总量与pH值、钾含量呈负相关。各个部位挥发性有机酸含量与感官评吸指标也有不同程度的相关性,挥发性有机酸总量对口感特性影响较大,上部叶挥发性有机酸含量与感官评吸指标呈正相关,中、下部叶挥发性有机酸含量与感官评吸指标呈负相关。典型相关分析表明,上部叶正丁酸、异戊酸、己酸含量对浓度、香气量影响明显,壬酸、庚酸含量对杂气、余味影响较明显;中部叶β-甲基戊酸、异戊酸、己酸含量对浓度影响较大;挥发性有机酸总量中异戊酸、己酸含量对香气质、浓度影响明显,戊酸、辛酸含量对劲头、刺激性影响明显。综合分析,上、中、下部叶挥发性有机酸含量均对pH值、余味、刺激性有着显著影响。为实现优质烟叶生产,应采取适当措施增加上部叶挥发性有机酸含量,适当调控中、下部叶挥发性有机酸含量,以提高烟叶品质。  相似文献