栽培和调制措施对烟草茄酮含量的影响     

牛慧伟  许自成  苏永士  陈彦春  汪孝国 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(27):13076-13078

茄酮是烟叶的主体香味成分之一,世界卷烟降焦减害的趋势使得烟草工业对以茄酮为核心的香料需求越来越迫切。因此,提高烟草茄酮含量,对提高卷烟香气品质和安全性具有重要意义。综述了栽培（水分、留叶数、植物生长调节剂、施肥种类和水平及其他措施）和调制措施（烟叶成熟度、烘烤条件和陈化时间）等因素对烟草茄酮含量的影响。  相似文献   

三门峡烟区烤烟总氮与土壤氮素含量的分布特点及关系分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑聪  许自成  苏永士  陈彦春  汪孝国  秦璐 《江西农业学报》2009,21(8):64-67

测定三门峡烟区159份烤烟样品总氮含量和238份土壤样品氮含量,分析两者的分布特点及相互关系。结果表明:三门峡烟区烤烟总氮含量适宜,平均为1.46%±0.35%,变幅为0.85%~2.53%,43.39%的烟叶样品总氮含量落在1.50%~3.00%之间;不同等级烟叶总氮含量变化规律是B2F>C3F>X2F。三门峡烟区土壤全氮含量较高,平均值为0.76±0.15 g/kg,变幅为0.37~1.58 g/kg,有6.38%的土壤样品全氮含量高于1.00 g/kg;土壤碱解氮含量适宜,平均值为66.41±16.70 mg/kg,变幅为34.90~132.74 mg/kg,有3.36%的土壤样品碱解氮含量高于110 mg/kg,不同县市土壤碱解氮含量变化规律是灵宝>陕县>卢氏>渑池。烤烟总氮含量与土壤碱解氮含量呈显著正相关,在相关分析的基础上,建立了土壤碱解氮和烤烟总氮含量的线性回归方程。烤烟总氮含量随着土壤碱解氮含量的增加而增加。  相似文献   

硒营养在作物科学中的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑聪  许自成  毕庆文 《江西农业学报》2009,21(9):110-112,115

硒是一种人体必需的微量元素,对植物生长发育的影响呈现出Bertrand生物剂量规律。硒通过参与植物体内的蛋白质代谢、能量代谢、抗氧化作用以及与其它元素的相互作用而发挥其生理功能。介绍了硒营养在作物科学上的研究状况,概述了施硒对粮食作物(水稻、小麦)、经济作物(烟草、茶叶、油菜、大豆)以及其他作物的影响,并提出了进一步加强硒素营养研究的建议。  相似文献   

恩施烟区土壤和烤烟总氮含量及其关系研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

毕庆文  郭燕  杨林波  许自成  章新军  汪健  王海明  黎根 《甘肃农业大学学报》2009,44(3)

2006-2007年,以湖北省恩施烟区有代表性的宣恩县和咸丰县为试验地点,选取了129个土壤样本和124个烤烟样本,分析了该区土壤氮素含量和烤烟总氮含量状况及其关系,结果表明:土壤全氮和碱解氮含量变幅分别为0.70~3.90 g.kg-1和66.8~233.9 mg.kg-1,平均分别为(1.65±0.34)g.kg-1和(131.69±30.97)mg.kg-1,全氮含量的变异系数略小于碱解氮含量变异系数.全氮和碱解氮含量均以表层0~20 cm含量最高,20~40 cm居中,而40~60 cm最低;烤烟总氮含量变幅为15.80~29.50 g.kg-1,平均为(21.30±3.30)g.kg-1,变异系数为15.49%;烤烟总氮含量在品种间、等级间和海拔高度间均存在显著差异,品种间表现为:‘K326’>‘云烟85’>‘云烟87’,等级间表现为:B2F>C3F>X2F,海拔间表现为:低海拔>中海拔>高海拔;烤烟总氮含量随土壤碱解氮含量的升高而升高,土壤氮素含量亦随海拔的升高而升高,而烤烟总氮含量则随海拔的升高而降低.  相似文献   

密集烘烤定色期烟叶类胡萝卜素降解及相关酶活性变化   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

宋朝鹏  高远  武圣江  许自成  宫长荣  张卫建 《中国农业科学》2009,42(8):2875-2881

 【目的】研究密集烘烤定色阶段烤烟类胡萝卜素降解及相关酶活性的变化,为密集烤房烘烤工艺优化和完善提供理论依据。【方法】采用河南农业大学设计的电热式温湿自控密集烤烟箱,按照低温中湿变黄、中湿定色烘烤工艺,对比研究定色期不同升温速度对类胡萝卜素各组分含量变化及相关酶活性的影响。【结果】类胡萝卜素含量随烘烤过程推进逐渐降低,慢速升温烘烤（T1）类胡萝卜素各组分（β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、新黄质、紫黄质）降解量相对较大,比快速升温烘烤（T2）分别高10 %、2 %、32 %和32 %,但处理间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。烘烤条件对酶活性影响显著,并且脂氧合酶（LOX）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）对烟叶烘烤质量的影响是双向的,定色前期相对较高的酶活性有利于生成更多的香气前体物质。【结论】慢速升温定色能很好地调控各种酶活性的变化,使细胞氧化还原反应达到一种动态平衡,使类胡萝卜素充分降解,又能避免酶促棕色化反应的发生,为进一步改善烟叶品质和优化密集烤房增香工艺提供参考。  相似文献   

曲靖烟区土壤pH与烟叶重金属含量的分布特点及关系分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

高旭  孙曙光  许自成  解燕  刘腾飞  潘超虎  刘加红 《江西农业学报》2011,23(12):116-120

以曲靖烟区2010年1427份土壤样品和其相对应的1427份烤后烟叶样品为材料,分别对土壤pH值以及烟叶中的As、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cr 5种重金属含量的分布特征以及相互关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)曲靖烟区土壤pH值的范围在4.28～8.37之间,其中处于最适烤烟生长土壤pH范围的样本数占总样本数的37.7%;不同土壤类型的pH值,以新积土的变异系数最大,黄壤土的变异系数最小。(2)Cd在5种重金属中的变异系数最大,5种重金属在烟叶内的含量均是下部叶>中部叶>上部叶。(3)As、Pb、Hg和Cd均与土壤pH存在明显的回归关系和相关性,不同部位间的烟叶重金属含量的变化随pH值的变化具有较高的一致性,随着土壤pH值的增大,烟叶中As、Hg和Cr的含量逐步降低,Pb和Cd在烟叶中的含量则逐步升高。  相似文献   

曲靖烟区不同前作对烤烟品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘志广  孙曙光  许自成  解燕  刘腾飞  潘超虎  刘加红 《江西农业学报》2011,23(12):85-89

研究了云南曲靖两个海拔生态区不同前作下烤烟的化学成分、致香物质、评吸质量和重金属含量。结果表明,不同前作明显影响烟叶的品质,且因海拔不同而有差异。烤烟的化学成分在中低海拔烟区(1300～1800 m)以玉米或豌豆为前作的处理为佳,高海拔烟区(1800～2300 m)以蚕豆和玉米为前作的处理为佳;中低海拔烟区以玉米、绿肥或豌豆为前作,高海拔烟区以玉米或绿肥为前作可以适当增加烤烟的致香物质含量;烟叶评吸感官质量在中低海拔烟区以玉米、绿肥、豌豆或油菜为前作、高海拔烟区以绿肥或玉米为前作时得分较高,清香型风格在中低海拔区以绿肥或油菜为前作、高海拔烟区以洋芋或玉米为前作最明显;曲靖地区烤烟中铅含量偏高,在中低海拔烟区前作空闲、高海拔烟区以洋芋为前作的烤烟铅含量最低。综合而言,中低海拔烟区以玉米或豌豆为前作、高海拔烟区以绿肥或玉米为前作对改善烟叶品质最为有利。  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat     

Singh PK  Mergoum M  Ali S  Adhikari TB  Hughes GR 《Phytopathology》2008,98(6):702-708

Tan spot of wheat, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a destructive disease worldwide that can lead to serious losses in quality and quantity of wheat grain production. Resistance to multiple races of P. tritici-repentis was identified in a wide range of genetically diverse genotypes, including three different species Triticum aestivum (AABBDD), T. spelta (AABBDD), and T. turgidum (AABB). The major objectives of this study were to determine the genetic control of resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in 12 newly identified sources of resistance. The parents, F(1), F(2), and F(2:3) or F(2:5) families of each cross were analyzed for the allelism tests and/or inheritance studies. Plants were inoculated at the two-leaf stage under controlled environmental conditions and disease reaction was assessed based on lesion-type rating scale. A single recessive gene controlled resistance to necrosis caused by P. tritici-repentis race 1 in both tetraploid and hexaploid resistant genotypes. The lack of segregation in the inter- and intra-specific crosses between the resistant tetraploid and hexaploid genotypes indicated that they possess the same genes for resistance to tan necrosis and chlorosis induced by P. tritici-repentis race 1. A single dominant gene for chlorosis in hexaploid wheat and a single recessive gene for necrosis in tetraploid wheat, controlled resistance to P. tritici-repentis race 5.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a glycoprotein DNA vaccine against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii Valenciennes     

LM Hart  N Lorenzen  SE Lapatra  CA Grady  SE Roon  J O'Reilly  JL Gregg  PK Hershberger 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(10):775-779

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Wildlife (Boselaphus tragocamelus)-small ruminant (goat and sheep) interface in the transmission of 'Bison type' genotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in India     

Kumar S  Singh SV  Singh AV  Singh PK  Sohal JS  Maitra A 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(2):145-159

Information on Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) genotypes infecting different animal species in India is limited. Presence of MAP was investigated in free ranging antelopes (locally known as Nilgai/blue bulls/Boselaphus tragocamelus) using direct microscopy, culture, IS900 PCR and IS1311 PCR-REA. IS900 elements of MAP from Nilgai and previously isolated from goats were sequenced and compared to establish inter-species transmission between free ranging Nilgai and closed farm herds and flocks of goats and sheep sharing common grazing and water resources. Fecal samples were collected from two geographical regions (Mathura and Kanpur Dehat districts) separated by 300km, in North India. Of the 42 fecal samples cultured, MAP colonies were recovered from 23.8% samples (Nilgai). Of the 10 positive fecal samples, two were in 'Super shedder' (>1000cfu/g) category and rest were moderate (<10-100cfu/g) shedders. None of the Nilgai from Kanpur Dehat was positive in culture. The 229bp fragment targeting specific IS900 sequence was amplified from template DNA isolated from all the positive MAP cultures of Nilgai. Using IS1311 PCR-REA, MAP colonies were genotyped as 'Bison type'. Goatherds and a sheep flock located at Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), shared 303.52ha of land (Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh) with Nilgai and were endemic for MAP infection. MAP strains isolated from goats and sheep have been genotyped as 'Bison type'. Nucleotide sequence of the insertion elements (900) from MAP 'Bison type' strain (S5) of goat origin and MAP (B42) from Nilgai showed difference of 2 (1%) base pairs at the 11th and 12th position (Genbank accession number EU130943). Study is first report on sharing (inter-species transmission) of a new 'Bison type' genotype of MAP between free ranging wildlife (Nilgai population) and domestic animals (farm goatherds and sheep flocks) in India.  相似文献