Italian University System has to Match Educational Needs in Adherence to European Standards and Professional Scenario     

Mukherjee R  Ram GC  Dash PK  Goswami T 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(1):47-54

The effect of a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of a non-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium phlei was studied in bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) by measuring the myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase enzyme levels in the milk leukocytes. Forty-five cows were divided into three equal groups. Group I, consisting of 15 healthy cows, served as the control, whereas groups II and III each contained 15 cows with subclinical mastitis on the basis of a positive reaction in the California mastitis test (CMT). The cows in group II received 100 microg of WSF in 5 ml sterile phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4 (PBS) once only, while those in group III received 5 ml sterile PBS daily for 7 days, both treatments being given by the intramammary route. Observations were made up to 30 days after treatment (AT). The CMT of the healthy milk was negative (0), whereas it ranged between 1 and 2 points in SCM. The somatic cell count (SCC) increased significantly (p < 0.05) on day 3, then fell steeply from day 7 up to day 30 AT in the cows in group II. A steady decrease in the total bacterial count (TBC) was observed in the group treated with WSF but the bacterial counts remained high in the groups treated with PBS. The mean acid phosphatase level was enhanced by 119% on day 3 AT in group II but only by 18.7% in the cows in group III. The mean myeloperoxidase level was enhanced by 100% in the cows in group II but only by 18% in those in group III on day 3 AT. This significant reduction in the bacterial load in infected cows caused by intramammary infusion of WSF may be due to activation of the microbicidal activity of the neutrophils, but this requires confirmation.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Bartonella infection in American free-ranging and captive pumas (Felis concolor) and bobcats (Lynx rufus)     

Chomel BB  Kikuchi Y  Martenson JS  Roelke-Parker ME  Chang CC  Kasten RW  Foley JE  Laudre J  Murphy K  Swift PK  Kramer VL  O'brien SJ 《Veterinary research》2004,35(2):233-241

Bartonella henselae is the main agent of cat scratch disease in humans and domestic cats are the main reservoir of this bacterium. We conducted a serosurvey to investigate the role of American wild felids as a potential reservoir of Bartonella species. A total of 479 samples (439 serum samples and 40 Nobuto strips) collected between 1984 and 1999 from pumas (Felis concolor) and 91 samples (58 serum samples and 33 Nobuto strips) collected from bobcats (Lynx rufus) in North America, Central America and South America were screened for B. henselae antibodies. The overall prevalence of B. henselae antibodies was respectively 19.4% in pumas and 23.1% in bobcats, with regional variations. In the USA, pumas from the southwestern states were more likely to be seropositive for B. henselae (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55, 5.11) than pumas from the Northwest and Mountain states. Similarly, adults were more likely to be B. henselae seropositive than juveniles and kittens (PR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.93). Adult pumas were more likely to have higher B. henselae antibody titers than juveniles and kittens (p = 0.026). B. henselae antibody prevalence was 22.4% (19/85) in bobcats from the USA and 33.3% (2/6) in the Mexican bobcats. In the USA, antibody prevalence varied depending on the geographical origin of the bobcats. In California, the highest prevalence was in bobcats from the coastal range (37.5%). These results suggest a potential role of wild felids in the epidemiological cycle of Bartonella henselae or closely related Bartonella species.  相似文献   

Concurrent Fusarium chlamydosporum and Microsphaeropsis arundinis infections in a cat     

Kluger EK  Della Torre PK  Martin P  Krockenberger MB  Malik R 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2004,6(4):271-277

A 7-year-old cat was presented initially with multiple draining sinuses on the metatarsal region of its right hindlimb. Another lesion had appeared at the same time on the fifth proximal interphalangeal joint of the left forelimb. Histopathological examination of a biopsy from the right hindlimb lesion revealed chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with yeast-like bodies and septate mycelia; a fungus was cultured on conventional media but not identified further. Culture of a swab collected from the left forelimb lesion demonstrated a pigmented fungus, also not characterised further. Although there was initially a favourable response to ketoconazole (Nizoral, Janssen-Cilag Pty. Ltd) and beta-lactam therapy, the infection in the hind limb relapsed subsequently, and Fusarium chlamydosporum was cultured from deep biopsy specimens. Clinical improvement followed debridement and itraconazole (Sporanox, Janssen-Cilag Pty. Ltd; 100 mg orally once daily), however amputation of the limb represented the best chance for a cure. The cat made an uncomplicated recovery following surgery and remained well for five months until the lesion on the left forelimb recurred. Amputation of the distal fourth digit was then performed, and the resected tissue submitted for culture. The dematiaceous fungus Microsphaeropsis arundinis was subsequently cultured. The cat remained well for several months, until a further F. chlamydosporum infection developed on the body wall. This was excised 7 months ago, and no lesions have recurred in this area. Importantly, this is the first reported case of M. arundinis infection in a mammalian host.  相似文献   

Tail-biting in outdoor pig production     

Walker PK  Bilkei G 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(2):367-369

A study was performed in five identical outdoor production units in the same geographic area using growing-finishing pigs of similar genetic makeup, age, diet and feed management. The severity of tail-biting (TS) was scored 1-4. The average group prevalence of bitten tails at slaughter on different farms was between 14.1+/-2.1% and 20.1+/-3.0% (P<0.05). The odds of a barrow being bitten were 2.9 times higher than those for a gilt. The most frequently recorded score of bitten tails was TS3, indicating moderate wounds with low grade infection. The prevalence of bitten barrows was positively correlated with the percentage of gilts in a group (r = 0.54, P<0.001). Pigs with zero TS score had no significantly higher weights at slaughter compared to pigs with a score of TS1. As the TS increased from 1 to 4, weights decreased (TS 1 to TS 2 to 4, P<0.05). TS 3 and 4 were positively (P<0.001) associated with subsequent carcass condemnation. We concluded that outdoor rearing does not prevent tail-biting.  相似文献   

The occurrence of congenital heart defects in an inbred herd of pigs in Australia     

Holyoake PK  Stevenson J  Moran C  Stokes R  Kirk EP  Sugo E  Hawthorne WJ 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(4):129-133

OBJECTIVE: To report on the first case of congenital heart defects in pigs in Australia. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of case records from an inbred herd of "Westran" pigs at the University of Sydney, between January 2001 and December 2004. Detailed gross and histological examination of 15 hearts from pigs that had died or were euthanased in 2004. CASE DETAILS: The necropsy records from a population of 471 pigs that had died (106 pigs) or were euthanased for research purposes (365 pigs) were analysed and the incidence of heart defects recorded, together with basic demographic data. No attempts were made to diagnose the condition in live pigs. RESULTS: Congenital heart defects were diagnosed in 6.4% of pigs but this is likely to be an underestimate of the incidence of the deformity. Eighteen pigs died on the farm as a result of the defect, and 12 pigs were diagnosed with the defect as an incidental finding. The most common abnormality seen at necropsy was a sac-like dilatation on the right lateral surface of the right atrium. This was associated with secondary deformity and hypoplasia of the adjacent left ventricle, interventricular region and part of the right ventricle. All hearts showed atrial septal defects of varying size. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of congenital heart defects in pigs in Australia, and one of less than five reported cases of atrial septal defects in pigs in the world. The authors conclude that there may be an element of genetic predisposition to the malformation, since it has only been reported in this inbred line of pigs.  相似文献   

SPC技术在打叶复烤片烟结构质量控制上的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王满  许自成  牛宝权  何结望  闫铁军  谢豪 《江西农业学报》2012,24(5):90-93

为实现打叶复烤过程片烟结构质量稳定性的控制,利用SPC技术对云南省烟草公司2008年的片烟样品CAAF3进行统计分析,构造了分析用控制图和控制用控制图,并对过程进行了稳态判断和过程能力分析,结果表明:第3组和第5组样品的打叶过程出现稳定异常;异常因素消除后的过程能力(Cpk=0.36)较低,因此SPC技术可以对打叶复烤过程片烟结构质量进行有效检测和控制,以满足烟草工业需求。  相似文献   

Radiative absorption enhancements due to the mixing state of atmospheric black carbon   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

CD Cappa  TB Onasch  P Massoli  DR Worsnop  TS Bates  ES Cross  P Davidovits  J Hakala  KL Hayden  BT Jobson  KR Kolesar  DA Lack  BM Lerner  SM Li  D Mellon  I Nuaaman  JS Olfert  T Petäjä  PK Quinn  C Song  R Subramanian  EJ Williams  RA Zaveri 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1078-1081

Atmospheric black carbon (BC) warms Earth's climate, and its reduction has been targeted for near-term climate change mitigation. Models that include forcing by BC assume internal mixing with non-BC aerosol components that enhance BC absorption, often by a factor of ~2; such model estimates have yet to be clearly validated through atmospheric observations. Here, direct in situ measurements of BC absorption enhancements (E(abs)) and mixing state are reported for two California regions. The observed E(abs) is small-6% on average at 532 nm-and increases weakly with photochemical aging. The E(abs) is less than predicted from observationally constrained theoretical calculations, suggesting that many climate models may overestimate warming by BC. These ambient observations stand in contrast to laboratory measurements that show substantial E(abs) for BC are possible.  相似文献   

不同世代群体烤烟化学成分和评吸质量的比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

焦芳婵  许自成  卢秀萍  郑聪  肖炳光  刘朝营 《中国农业科技导报》2012,(3):115-121

对轮回选择育种过程中不同世代群体烤烟的化学成分和感官质量进行了研究,以期为高香气烤烟育种提供理论依据,结果表明:C1群体的糖类化合物(还原糖、总糖和淀粉)和原始亲本相比分别降低了28.79%、12.53%和52.32%,而含氮类化合物(总植物碱、总氮和蛋白质)分别增加了26.37%、23.67%和23.11%,除挥发酸外,其余各化学成分指标在C1群体和原始亲本间均达到显著差异;C1群体的香气质、香气量、刺激性和评吸总分均有明显的改善;除了杂气和余味外,其余各项感官质量指标在原始亲本和C1群体之间均达到显著差异;相关分析结果表明:C1群体香气量得分与化学成分的相关性显著高于原始亲本,说明轮回选择加强了烤烟香气量得分与常规化学成分的相关性。  相似文献   

轮回选择在烤烟种质创新中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

于海芹  焦芳婵  许自成  李永平  肖炳光  卢秀萍 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(22):11210-11212

[目的]研究轮回选择在烤烟种质创新中的应用情况,为烤烟新品种的选育奠定基础。[方法]以8个不同的骨干亲本组合为母本,用其他组合对母本进行逐配,形成C1群体,调查各烤烟后代的经济性状和农艺性状,并进行方差分析。[结果]亲本组合5[(CF965×满屋香)×(云85×CF965)]烤烟烟株较高,茎围较粗,叶数较多,叶面积较大,田间农艺性状表现最优;从各项经济性状指标来看,烤烟亲本组合4[(317×SC72)×(云85×CF965)]和亲本组合7[(CF965×满屋香)×(CF965×OX414)]表现最优。[结论]通过轮回选择,有计划地在烤烟中导入优良基因,获取了新的基因型,从而达到了改良和创新种质的目的。  相似文献   

Protective effects against abortion and fetal infection following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy in beef heifers that received two doses of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine prior to breeding     

MD Givens  MS Marley  CA Jones  DT Ensley  PK Galik  Y Zhang  KP Riddell  KS Joiner  BW Brodersen  SP Rodning 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(4):484-495

Objective-To determine whether administration of 2 doses of a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine prior to breeding of heifers would provide protection against abortion and fetal infection following exposure of pregnant heifers to cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and cattle with acute bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) infection. Design-Randomized controlled clinical trial. Animals-33 crossbred beef heifers, 3 steers, 6 bulls, and 25 calves. Procedures-20 of 22 vaccinated and 10 of 11 unvaccinated heifers became pregnant and were commingled with 3 steers PI with BVDV type 1a, 1b, or 2 for 56 days beginning 102 days after the second vaccination (administered 30 days after the first vaccination). Eighty days following removal of BVDV-PI steers, heifers were commingled with 3 bulls with acute BHV1 infection for 14 days. Results-After BVDV exposure, 1 fetus (not evaluated) was aborted by a vaccinated heifer; BVDV was detected in 0 of 19 calves from vaccinated heifers and in all 4 fetuses (aborted after BHV1 exposure) and 6 calves from unvaccinated heifers. Bovine herpesvirus 1 was not detected in any fetus or calf and associated fetal membranes in either treatment group. Vaccinated heifers had longer gestation periods and calves with greater birth weights, weaning weights, average daily gains, and market value at weaning, compared with those for calves born to unvaccinated heifers. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Prebreeding administration of a modified-live virus vaccine to heifers resulted in fewer abortions and BVDV-PI offspring and improved growth and increased market value of weaned calves.  相似文献