A method for freezing canine erythrocytes for blood typing purposes     

Chavey PS  Andrews GA  Smith JE 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1994,23(2):43-46

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Modulation of Mouse P450 Isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2B10, CYP2E1, and CYP3A by the Environmental Chemicals Mirex, 2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene, Vinclozolin, and Flutamide     

Ding Dai  Yan Cao  Greg Falls  Patricia E. Levi  Ernest Hodgson  Randy L. Rose   《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2001,70(3):127

Several environmental chemicals are disruptive to the reproductive and endocrine systems of many species, including humans. Mechanisms for endocrine disruption are presently under scrutiny. Xenobiotic inducible mammalian cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize a variety of substrates including environmental chemicals, pesticides, and drugs. The metabolism, and thus the effect, of endogenous chemicals including steroid hormones, vitamins, etc. that are transformed by CYP enzymes can be influenced by environmental exposure to CYP-inducing chemicals. This study demonstrated that structurally diverse environmental chemicals including mirex, 2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), vinclozolin, and flutamide are capable of inducing several mouse liver CYP isozymes. As demonstrated by Western blotting, mirex induced CYP1A2, 2B10, 2E1, and 3A and vinclozolin induced 1A2 and 2B10. The only isoforms significantly induced by DDE and flutamide were 3A and 1A2, respectively. Since some of these isoforms are known to be involved in metabolism of endogenous hormones, we also studied the effects of these CYP inducers on testosterone metabolism and seminal vesicle weights. Mirex and DDE treatments had profound effects on the metabolism of testosterone, resulting in 2.5- to 3-fold more hydroxylated products than controls. Lesser, but significant, increases in specific metabolites of testosterone were also observed following treatment with vinclozolin and flutamide. Seminal vesicle weights were lower for all treatment groups except DDE. Results of this study demonstrate that, due to their CYP-inducing potential, these chemicals may significantly impact testosterone metabolism and this may be a contributing factor in their antiandrogenic effects.  相似文献   

More on ads in veterinary publications     

Colley P 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(7):1059; author reply 1059-1059; author reply 1060

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Health evaluation of free-ranging Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in Peru     

Smith KM  Karesh WB  Majluf P  Paredes R  Zavalaga C  Reul AH  Stetter M  Braselton WE  Puche H  Cook RA 《Avian diseases》2008,52(1):130-135

As part of ongoing ecological studies of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) at Punta San Juan, Ica Department, Peru, health surveys were conducted in November 1992, 1993, and 1994. In the three surveys, 98 birds in total were handled for examination, and blood was collected for laboratory analysis from 90 of these birds. All birds seemed to be in good condition. Body weights of females were significantly lower in 1994 than in the other years. Fleas (Parapsyllus humboldti) and ticks (Ornithodoros amblus) were found on the penguins and in their nests. Females had significantly higher plasma calcium and phosphorus levels, and they had lower weights than males. No other differences were found between the sexes. Hematology, plasma chemistries, and plasma mineral levels varied between years. Positive antibody titers for Chlamydophila psittaci (62%), avian adenovirus (7%; 1994 only), paramyxovirus-2 (7%; 1993 only), and Salmonella Pullorum (7%) were found. Plasma chemistry and mineral levels differed between individuals testing positive vs. negative on serologic tests for avian adenovirus and Salmonella Pullorum. Serologic tests for antibodies to avian influenza A virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, duck viral enteritis virus, equine encephalitis (eastern, western, and Venezuelan) viruses, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Aspergillus sp., and paramyxovirus-1 and -3 were negative. All chlorinated pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl analyses were below detectable limits.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of canine uropathogens at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 2002–2007     

Katherine R. Ball  Joseph E. Rubin  M. Chirino-Trejo    Patricia M. Dowling 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2008,49(10):985-990

Between January 2002 and June 2007, uropathogens were isolated from 473 of 1557 canine urine samples submitted to Prairie Diagnostic Services from the Western College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Culture and susceptibility results were analyzed, retrospectively, to estimate the prevalence of common bacterial uropathogens in dogs with urinary tract infections and to identify changes in antimicrobial resistance. The most common pathogens identified were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus intermedius, Enterococcus spp., and Proteus spp. Antimicrobial resistance increased during the study period, particularly among recurrent E. coli isolates. Using the formula to help select rational antimicrobial therapy (FRAT), bacterial isolates were most likely to be susceptible to gentamicin, fluoroquinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and groups 4 and 5 (third generation) cephalosporins.  相似文献   

Segmentation of the canine population in different femoral morphological groups     

Palierne S  Mathon D  Asimus E  Concordet D  Meynaud-Collard P  Autefage A 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(3):407-417

ObjectiveThe incidence of femoral traumatology and hip dysplasia shows the need to design canine specific femoral implants in veterinary surgery. A good knowledge of femoral morphology, and particularly of intra-species variability, is required to develop a well-adapted canine femoral intramedullary implant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the morphological variability of the canine femur and to propose a segmentation of this population.ProcedureThis study proposes different possibilities for the segmentation of a canine population of 103 dogs of various common breeds in relation to their femoral morphology. These segmentations were obtained with a statistical methodology, which takes into account 24 measured and calculated morphological parameters of 206 canine femurs.ResultsThe segmentation of this canine population into four or six homogeneous groups related to the femoral morphology were the two most relevant solutions. The total length of the femur and the femoral head diameter were the best discriminant parameters for this segmentation.ConclusionKnowledge of the variability of the femoral morphology in the canine species and the possibility of splitting the canine population into homogeneous morphological groups are useful for the design of specific canine femoral implants. The femoral morphological profiles of each group constitute an essential database for fitting the best orthopedic implant to the bone.  相似文献   

The effect of methyl sulphonyl methane supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in sport horses following jumping exercise     

Gonzalo Mara?ón  Bárbara Mu?oz-Escassi  William Manley  Cruz García  Patricia Cayado  Mercedes Sánchez de la Muela  Bego?a Olábarri  Rosa León  Elena Vara 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):45

Background

Exercise induces changes in several organs and tissues, and this process might be due to oxidative damage caused by free radicals and inflammatory mediators. Methyl Sulphonyl Methane, better known as MSM, is a naturally occurring sulphur compound with well-known antioxidant properties. On the other hand, Vitamin C is important in limiting free radical damage in the aqueous phase of the cell, and cellular vitamin C status may be linked to the mechanisms involved in quenching cellular reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to determine if supplementation with MSM and vitamin C could alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress in horses undergoing jumping competition.

Methods

Twenty four jumping horses involved in competition were used. Horses were given the following three treatment diets: control (without supplementation), MSM 8 mg/kg, and combined supplements (MSM 8 mg/kg + Vit-C 5 mg/kg). EDTA blood samples were collected before exercise, upon arrived to the schooling area (control), and each week after last show. Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, lipid hydroperoxides and the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase, plasma levels were determined.

Results

Competition induced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. By contrary, reduced glutathione as well as antioxidant enzyme activities, were decreased. MSM administration significantly ameliorated all these exercise-related changes, and this effect was potentiated by Vit C reaching values in some of the parameters similar to those found before competition.

Conclusion

These results suggest that jumping exercise could induce harmful effects on horses, probably due to an increase in oxidative damage and proinflammatory molecules. In addition, we have demonstrated that MSM could exert some protective effect on oxidative and inflammatory exercise-induced injury.  相似文献   

Hypercalcemia: a quick reference.     

Patricia A Schenck  Dennis J Chew 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2008,38(3):449-53, viii

This article serves as a quick reference for hypercalcemia. Guidelines for causes, clinical signs, analysis, and diagnosis are presented in a stepwise approach.  相似文献   

Calcium: total or ionized?     

Patricia A Schenck  Dennis J Chew 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2008,38(3):497-502, ix

Measurement of serum total calcium (tCa) has been relied on for assessment of calcium status, despite the fact that it is the ionized calcium (iCa) fraction that has biologic activity. Serum tCa does not accurately predict iCa status in many clinical conditions. For accurate assessment of iCa status, iCa should be directly measured. Anaerobic measurement of serum iCa under controlled conditions provides the most reliable assessment of calcium status; aerobic measurement of iCa with species-specific pH correction is highly correlated with anaerobic measurements.  相似文献   

Differential expression of inflammatory and immune response genes in sheep infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum     

Galindo RC  Ayoubi P  García-Pérez AL  Naranjo V  Kocan KM  Gortazar C  de la Fuente J 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,126(1-2):27-34

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects a wide variety of host species and causes the diseases tick-borne fever (TBF) in ruminants and granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans, horses and dogs. TBF in sheep has become one of the more prevalent tick-borne diseases in some regions of Europe. A. phagocytophilum infection modifies host gene expression and immune response. The objective of this research was to characterize differential gene expression in sheep experimentally and naturally infected with A. phagocytophilum by microarray hybridization and real-time RT-PCR. The results of these studies demonstrated in sheep the activation of inflammatory and innate immune pathways and the impairment of adaptive immunity during A. phagocytophilum infection. The characterization of the genes and their expression profiles in sheep in response to A. phagocytophilum infection advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogen infection and the pathogenesis of TBF. Collectively, these results expand current information on the mammalian host response to A. phagocytophilum infection.  相似文献