The isolation of a rickettsia-like organism causing disease and mortality in Chilean salmonids and its confirmation by Koch's postulate   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

J. D. CVITANICH  O. GARATE N.  C. E. SMITH 《Journal of fish diseases》1991,14(2):121-145

Abstract. A rickettsia-like organism (RLO) was isolated from infected coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), in cultures from six fish cell lines, but could not be cultured on 41 artificial media. The organism was confirmed by Koch's postulates as the aetiological agent of a systemic disease causing signifieant mortality among coho in Chile. The organism was a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen frequently observed within intracyto-plasmic vacuoles or inclusions of host cells, and appears to belong to the order Rickettsiales, family Rickettsiaceae and possibly the tribe Ehrlichiae. The organism, as well as the clinical signs and pathology it produces, is described. The disease, originally observed only in coho raised in seawater net pens, was reproduced experimentally in fish in both freshwater and seawater aquaria. Horizontal transmission without parasite vectors was observed in fish in both aquaria. The organism was shown, for the first time, to cause disease and mortality in Atlantic, Salmo salar L., and Chinook, O. tshawytscha (Walbaum), salmon and rainbow trout, O. mykiss (Walbaum). Because of the systemic nature of the disease, it is proposed that it be called 'salmonid rickettsial septicaemia'.  相似文献   

Ocular metacercarial infection of the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau (L.)     

R. C. RIIS  M. E. GEORGI  L. LEIBOVITZ  J. S. SMITH 《Journal of fish diseases》1981,4(5):433-435

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A Survey of Aquatic Fly-life on the River Tweed*     

DEREK MILLS  BARBARA SMITH 《Aquaculture Research》1974,5(3):72-84

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The relationship between stock and catch and the effect of bait on catch as determined for a UK recreational catch and release fishery     

P. A. SMITH 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2002,9(5):261-266

Abstract Twelve anglers fishing in a UK navigation canal for a total of 42 h caught 567 fish, mainly gudgeon, Gobio gobio (L.) ( n =306) and roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) ( n =253) at an average catch rate of 13.4 fish angler-h⁻¹ or 128.5 g angler-h⁻¹. The species and size of fish caught were compared with the numbers determined by depletion estimates at six sections of canal using micromesh seine netting. Fifty four percent of fish caught in the net were < 60 mm FL. Gudgeon (60–99 mm) were over-represented in the anglers' catches whilst roach (60–99 mm) were under-represented. The size distribution of roach and gudgeon caught by anglers using two types of bait (small maggots and chironomid larvae) was examined and smaller fish were found to be caught using the latter.  相似文献   

Is salmon angling success gender biased? An analysis of catch records     

G. W. SMITH  R. LAUGHTON  and S. DORA 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1994,1(2):139-141

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Relationship between rod catches and distribution of adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during the initial phase of riverine migration     

G. W. SMITH  R. LAUGHTON 《Aquaculture Research》1993,24(5):681-683

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Surgical Repair of Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fractures in Four Horses     

BARBARA L. SMITH DVM  MS    JOERG A. AUER DrMedVet  MS  DiplomateACVS  JEFFREY P. WATKINS DVM  MS  DiplomateACVs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(2):117-121

Four horses, 2 to 17 years old, were treated for unilateral avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity. Two horses were treated successfully with tension band wiring or plating in combination with lag screw fixation. One horse was euthanatized because of implant failure during recovery and one was euthanatized on day 11 because a longitudinal fracture of the tibial tuberosity occurred through the plane of the screws used for stabilization.  相似文献   

Haematological and biochemical reference values for grazing Saanen goats     

S MCDOUGALL  EE LEPHERD  S SMITH 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(11):370-372

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Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of parenterally administered doramectin in cattle   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

M.A. NOWAKOWSKI  M.J. LYNCH  D.G. SMITH  N.B. LOGAN†  D.E. MOUZIN†  J. LUKASZEWICZ  N.I. RYAN  R.P. HUNTER  R.M. JONES 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1995,18(4):290-298

Plasma concentrations of doramectin in 40 cattle dosed by subcutaneous (sc) or intramuscular (i.m.) injection (200 μg/kg) were compared to assess the bioequivalence of the two routes of administration. Peak concentration ( C _max), and areas under the concentration curve ( AUC_0– ) were determined from plasma concentrations. Animals treated by the sc route showed a mean AUC_0– of 457 ± 66 ng±day/mL (± SD) and a mean C _max of 27.8 ± 7.9 ng/mL. Results from the i.m. treatment group showed a mean AUC _0– of 475 ± 82 ng-day/mL and a mean C _max of 33.1 ± 9.0 ng/mL Absorption constants ( k _a) determined by modelling were 0.542 ± 0.336 day^-1after sc administration and 0.710 ± 0.357 day^-1after i.m. administration. The 90% confidence limits on the difference between mean AUC _0– values for the sc and i.m. groups fell within 20% of the mean value for the subcutaneous group. C _max was somewhat greater for the i.m. route. The 90% confidence limits on the difference in mean In ( T _max+1) also fell within 20% of the mean sc value. Based on this analysis, bioequivalence of the sc and i.m. formulation has been established.  相似文献   

Intraosseous Cannulation and Drug Administration for Induction of Anesthesia in Chickens   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ALEXANDER VALVERDE dvm  DVSc  Diplomate ACVA    DOROTHEE BIENZLE DVM  MSc    DALE A SMITH dvm  DVSc    DORIS H. DYSON dvm  DVSc  Diplomate ACVA  ANNE E. VALLIANT bsc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):240-244

Twenty-four chickens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (ketamine, 30 mg/ kg; thiopental, 20 mg/kg; saline, 0.8 mL). Baseline data (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and cloacal temperature) were recorded before ulnar intraosseous cannulation and administration of drug treatment and for 30 minutes after administration. One investigator, unaware of the treatment administered, assessed the reaction to cannulation, number of attempts per cannulation, reaction to injection, time to induction and recovery, and quality of induction and recovery. Respiratory rate increased significantly (p < .05) from baseline after thiopental. Other parameters did not vary within groups or between groups. Most birds did not react or had a mild reaction to cannulation and injection, and on average fewer than two attempts were necessary. Quality of recovery was significantly (p < .05) better after thiopental. Time to recovery was significantly (p < .05) shorter after thiopental. No major histopathologic changes were noted in bone marrow samples from the injection site. This study demonstrates that the intraosseous route may be used to induce anesthesia in chickens, and that minimal changes in the variables studied were produced by ketamine and thiopental.  相似文献