A review of diet formulation strategies and feeding systems to reduce excretory and feed wastes in aquaculture     

C Y Cho  D P Bureau 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(Z1):349-360

Significant efforts should be devoted to reducing waste outputs from aquaculture operations in order to lower the environmental impacts of aquaculture in many parts of the world. Since most aquaculture wastes are ultimately from dietary origin, reduction of waste outputs should first be through improvements of diet formulation and feeding strategies. The first step in the production of feeds producing less solid waste is to eliminate poorly digestible ingredients (such as whole grain or grain by-products used as binders and fillers in the feed formulae) and to use highly digestible ingredients with good binding properties. Further reduction of solid waste can then be achieved through careful selection of the ingredients to improve apparent digestibility and the nutrient balance of the feed. Nitrogen waste outputs can be reduced through the reduction of the digestible protein to digestible energy (DP/DE) ratio of the diet. Phosphorus waste outputs can be reduced through careful selection of the ingredients and optimization of the digestible phosphorus content of the diet to meet the requirement of the fish but avoid greatly exceeding this required level. Finally, feeding practices that minimize feed wastage should be adopted since feed wastage can have a very significant impact on waste outputs from fish culture operations.  相似文献   

Localization of extracellular matrix receptors in ICGN mice, a strain of mice with hereditary nephrotic syndrome.     

K Uchio-Yamada  N Manabe  M Yamaguchi  N Akashi  Y Goto  Y Yamamoto  A Ogura  H Miyamoto 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(11):1171-1178

Fibrotic degeneration was examined in the kidneys of ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) mice, a novel inbred mouse line with a hereditary nephrotic syndrome of unknown etiology considered to be a good model of human idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. In the present study, we histochemically revealed changes in accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and in localization of integrins, cellular receptors for ECM, in the kidneys of ICGN mice with the progression of renal failure. Excessive accumulation of basement membrane (laminin and collagen IV) and interstitial (type III collagen) ECM components were demonstrated in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitum of ICGN mice. Marked deposition of type I collagen and tenascin was seen only in the glomeruli of ICGN mice but not in those of ICR mice as normal controls. Increased expression of integrin alpha1-, alpha2-, alpha5- and beta1-subunits in glomeruli with fibrotic degeneration and abnormal distribution of alpha6-subunit were noted in the kidneys of ICGN mice. Excessive laminin, a ligand of alpha6beta1-integrin, was demonstrated on the tubular basement membrane, but alpha6-subunit diffusely disappeared on the basal side of the tubular epithelial cells. We presumed that abnormal integrin expression in renal tubules causes epithelial cell detachment, and consequently tubular nephropathy, and results in disorder of ECM metabolism causing excessive accumulation of ECM components in the kidneys of ICGN mice.  相似文献   

Protection of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson), against vibriosis using two different vaccines     

Y. SANTOS  I. BANDIN  S. NUÑEZ  K. GRAVNINGEN  A. E. TORANZO 《Journal of fish diseases》1991,14(3):407-411

Abstact. The potency of a whole-cell bacterin (WCB) and a toxoid enriched whole-cell vaccine (WCEB) administered intraperitoncally into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson), were compared. The most effective vaccine was further evaluated by bathing turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.). These vaccines were composed of three strains of V. anguillarun , of the serotypes 01 and 02. Both vaccines conferred the highest protection against strains of serotype 01 within 4 weeks. With the toxoid enriched vaccine giving the best results (77 RPS). When trout were revaccinated after 7 weeks with this vaccine, good protection was achieved against strains of serotypes 01 and 02. Interestingly, when the WCEB was administered by bath to turbot, acceptable levels of protection against strains of both serotypes were obtained after 4 weeks of immunization.  相似文献   

Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding     

J. Q. Yan    Q. Z. Xue  Y. X. Wang 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(5):301-304

Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F₁, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method.  相似文献   

Theophylline kinetics in dog neonates     

J. ALBEROLA  Y. PEREZ  M. ARBOIX 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1993,16(1):103-105

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重油催化再生器典型缺陷安全评定     

李其  李晓秋  刘殿魁 《东北林业大学学报》2006,34(6):77-79

应用断裂力学理论和实验技术,测定了重油催化再生器材料及焊缝的力学性能和断裂韧度值,按照《压力容器缺陷评定规范》(CVDA-84)对再生器下部筒体典型缺陷进行了评定。经分析计算获得了重油催化再生器下部筒体各部位各种裂纹类型缺陷的允许尺寸,可将其作为重油催化再生器无损检测时的缺陷评定指标。  相似文献   

Theileria sergenti infection in dairy cattle.     

S Shimizu  N Yoshiura  T Mizomoto  Y Kondou 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(2):375-377

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Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni for turkeys and chickens.     

K M Lam  A J DaMassa  T Y Morishita  H L Shivaprasad  A A Bickford 《Avian diseases》1992,36(2):359-363

A Campylobacter jejuni isolate obtained from a turkey liver, designated C101, and a C. jejuni isolate obtained from the feces of a chicken, designated C111, were used to inoculate their respective hosts. Isolate C101 depressed weight gain by 20% when inoculated into newly hatched poults or 4-day-old poults. It also caused death, hepatic necrosis, and generalized hemorrhages in turkey embryos. The chicken-derived isolate, C111, did not reduce weight gain in newly hatched chicks, but it did induce mortality in chicken embryos. The supernatant of the cultures of both C. jejuni isolates also caused mortality in embryos.  相似文献   

Susceptibility to onion-induced hemolysis in dogs with hereditary high erythrocyte reduced glutathione and potassium concentrations.     

O Yamoto  Y Maede 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(1):134-137

The hemolytic effect of onion consumption in dogs with hereditary high erythrocyte reduced glutathione and potassium concentrations (designated HK dogs) was compared with that in clinically normal dogs. Twelve hours after oral administration of boiled onions (200 g/dog), hemoglobin concentration decreased to 84.4% of the initial value in HK dogs; it decreased only to 90.5% in clinically normal dogs. At 24 hours, methemoglobin concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in HK dogs than in clinically normal dogs. The concentration of erythrocyte oxidized glutathione increased about fivefold at 10 hours in HK dogs, whereas it did not change during the experimental period in clinically normal dogs. In addition, at 12 hours, the proportion of erythrocytes containing Heinz bodies increased to 24.4% in HK dogs, but increased only to 1.2% in clinically normal dogs. Thus, results indicated that HK dogs were more susceptible to the oxidant action of onions than were clinically normal dogs.  相似文献   

THE SUPPLEMENT OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA) ON BOAR SEMEN FREEZING EXTENDER PREPARED IN MACROTUBES     

Y.H. Kuo  J.C. Chiang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1995,31(1):287-288

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