磷肥减量结合硫酸铵配施提高西北地区旱地春玉米磷素利用效率   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

马琴  刘小雨  冉瑾怡  刘金山  张翔  周景云 《植物营养与肥料学报》2020,26(6):1047-1058

  【目的】  西北旱地春玉米种植区磷肥过量施用，磷肥利用效率偏低。本研究旨在探究春玉米磷肥减施的可行性以及实现磷素高效利用的优化施肥方式，以期为该地区春玉米磷肥高效利用提供参考。  【方法】  在西北典型雨养农业区设置3年的定位田间试验，共设5个处理:对照 (CK，不施磷肥)、农户模式 (FP，磷用量P₂O₅ 120 kg/hm2，撒施)、减磷撒施 (RP，磷用量P₂O₅ 70 kg/hm2，撒施)、减磷条施 (BF，磷用量P₂O₅ 70 kg/hm2，条施)、硫酸铵模式 (SA，采用硫酸铵氮肥替代尿素氮肥，其他同减磷撒施处理)。在玉米四叶期、五叶期以及成熟期采集植物和土壤样品 (根际土和非根际土)，测定玉米根系、地上部生物量及其磷含量，土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、pH、有效磷、丛枝菌根侵染率，并采用WinRHIZO根系扫描系统测定根长、根表面积、根体积等指标。  【结果】  三年试验结果表明，RP、BF、SA处理玉米籽粒产量、生物量与FP处理无显著差异 (P > 0.05)，但磷肥偏生产力显著提高，平均增幅68.0%。RP、BF、SA处理成熟期玉米籽粒磷含量较FP处理降低7.1%～12.9%，磷累积量降低了8.8%～17.0%，其中RP和BF处理降低幅度达到显著水平，但SA处理籽粒磷含量和磷累积量与FP处理相当。与FP处理相比，RP和SA的磷肥回收利用率均有提高，其中SA处理显著提高7.2个百分点；RP、BF、SA处理均有促进春玉米苗期根系生长的趋势，其中SA处理根长、根表面积以及细根长 (直径小于0.50 mm) 分别提高13.9%～37.9%、8.6%～46.1%、12.2%～43.0%。此外，与FP处理相比，RP和SA处理提高了玉米苗期根系丛枝菌根侵染率，增幅在16.2%～21.7%；SA处理非根际土碱性酶活性有增加趋势，五叶期差异达显著水平，BF处理非根际土有效磷含量提高了18.8%～56.3%。  【结论】  在西北旱地春玉米种植区，磷肥施用量由现在的P₂O₅ 120 kg/hm2减少至70～75 kg/hm2仍可保证玉米稳产。在此基础上，用生理酸性肥料硫酸铵代替尿素可促进玉米根系生长以及丛枝菌根侵染，促进玉米对磷素的吸收利用。  相似文献   

茂兰喀斯特森林溪流蜻蜓目昆虫资源调查初报     

兰洪波  冉景丞 《湖北农业科学》2014,(7):1528-1530,1534

通过调查和鉴定,从茂兰喀斯特森林溪流采集到蜻蜓63种,隶属11科,其中,蜻科25种,春蜓科4种,蟌科7种,蜓科6种,扇蟌科5种,大蜻科2种,色蟌科3种,溪蟌科4种,丽蟌科2种,隼蟌科4种,山蟌科1种;跳长尾蜓、黑尾灰蜻、黑丽翅蜻、红痣绿色蟌、大溪蟌、点斑隼蟌、白腹小蟌属于贵州新记录种。  相似文献   

推进区域农业生产经营体系创新的基本经验及思路探索——以四川崇州模式为例     

张社梅  冉瑞平 《浙江农业学报》2015,(2):301-306

通过对四川省崇州市农业生产经营体系创新的动因、主要做法及基本经验的深入分析和总结,认为其在解决粮食增产与农民增收之间的矛盾,抑制传统产业化经营中资本强势和农民弱势的短板,有效培育新型职业农民以及促进农业科技供需对接等四大问题上做出了有益探索,对于推进区域农业生产经营体系创新具有重要的理论与实践意义。  相似文献   

魔芋粉中水分的红外干燥法快速测定     

刘二喜  冉农平  杨朝柱  郑小江  陈永波  郭光耀  牟方贵 《湖北农业科学》2014,(1):191-193

水分是魔芋精粉交易、储藏中监测的重要质量指标,常规干燥法耗时较长。建立了红外快速测定方法,并与国标GB/T 5009.3-2010法测定结果进行了比较。结果表明,红外干燥法测定的最佳程序为温度140℃,快速干燥方式,分析精度0.1 mg,自动终止加热。在该条件下,样品质量1.000 g,用时约11 min,测定的水分含量与国标法差异不显著。由此可见,红外测定法具有快速、准确、稳定的特点。  相似文献   

Genome-wide Association Study of Teats Number Traits in Kele Pigs     

XIE Jian  YU Chang-yan  XU Yao  NIU Xi  RAN Xue-qin  WANG Jia-fu 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(11):2866-2872

Teats number is one of the most important reproductive traits,and closely related to the economic benefit in pig industry.In order to reveal the underlying genetics of left teats number,right teats number and total teats number traits,a genome-wide association study（GWAS）was performed.Samples of DNA were collected to genotyping for 22 Kele pigs using the Illumina Porcine SNP 60K Chip.The GWAS was performed using a mixed-effects model and linear regression approach.When a genome-wide threshold was determined using the Bonferroni method（P<2.06E-5),4 single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）markers were potentially associated with left teats number,right teats number and total teat number.However,3 SNPs were significant associated and 18 SNPs were potentially associated in chromosomes level.304 Ensembl genes were retrieved around 1 cM of the associated SNPs.The candidate genes in Wnt and Fgf signaling pathway（BTRC,FGF5,FGF8,BMP3,RASGEF1B and HMGB3）might have effect on target traits.These results provided valuable information about the selective breeding for Kele pigs.  相似文献   

Effects of phytosterol ester on aortic aging and expression of related genes in rats     

DING Cheng-cheng  LI Wen-fang  ZHOU Jin  RAN Ke  WU Xiao-qing  RONG Shuang 《园艺学报》2017,33(8):1365-1370

AIM: To explore the protective effect of phytosterol ester (PSE) on aortic aging in rats. METHODS: The female SD rats (12 months old, n=42) were randomly divided into control group, model group and PSE group. During the experiment, the rats in control group, model group and PSE group were treated with basic feed, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD with 2% PSE (W/W) for 6 months, respectively. The morphological changes of the aorta were observed by HE staining and Masson staining, and the absolute area of smooth muscle cells and collagen fiber in the vascular wall were measured by image analysis. The levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were detected. The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at mRNA and protein levels in the vascular tissue was determined by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: PSE significantly lowered plasma TC and LDL-C, and increased plasma HDL-C level (P<0.05), but had no effect on plasma TG level. PSE significantly attenuated the thickening of intima and media of aging aortic, and decreased the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the amount of VSMC and collagen fiber in the aorta (P<0.05). PSE significantly reduced the contents of AGEs and MDA (P<0.05), but had no effect on the activity of SOD and CAT in the plasma. PSE also down-regulated the expression of PPARγ and up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PSE is able to attenuate the senescence process in the aorta by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in plasma, and activating SIRT1, or inhibiting the expression of PPARγ in vascular tissues.  相似文献   

高校大学生国学教育现状及应对策略     

霍海伟  冉冉 《河北农业大学学报(农林教育版)》2013,15(4):36-38

在飞速发展的今天,当代大学生尽情享受着现代科技带来的先进成果,却忽视了对传统文化的学习和了解,且各高校开展国学教育的总体情况并不理想,面对这种现状,需要政府、高校和学生一起联动,营造出重视国学教育的社会氛围和校园氛围,尤其各高校要深入改革课程体系、努力创新教学计划,以期达到深入开展国学教育、提升大学生人文素养的目的。  相似文献   

皱皮香猪HAS2基因SNPs的鉴定及生物信息学分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴行雕  石道宏  黄世会  牛熙  李升  王嘉福  冉雪琴 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(12):3390-3402

为了探究皱皮香猪全身性皮肤褶皱是否与透明质酸合成酶2（hyaluronan synthase 2,HAS2）基因变异有关,本研究以普通香猪为对照,采用特异性PCR方法克隆HAS2基因的外显子编码区,应用生物信息学方法分析测定基因编码区的碱基变异,检测变异位点在群体中的分布频率。结果显示,皱皮香猪HAS2基因中检测到4个SNPs位点：位于外显子1的T221A错义突变（导致亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸）和A228G同义突变,位于外显子2的T183C和外显子4的C537T同义突变。生物信息学分析发现,T221A和A228G位点构成4种单倍型,其中T-A为皱皮香猪群体的主要单倍型（27.5%）,且在皱皮香猪群体中紧密连锁（r²=0.253）,而且T221A和A228G突变可引起mRNA自由能和蛋白质结构发生变化,TA组合的自由能为-573.29 kJ·mol^-1,TG组合的自由能为-580.89 kJ·mol^-1,AG组合的自由能为-572.66 kJ·mol^-1;AA组合的自由能为-571.03 kJ·mol^-1;蛋白序列中亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸后,α螺旋由35.52%降为32.97%,自由卷曲由43.17%升至44.51%,同时引起蛋白序列三级结构的改变。位点T221A和A228G在香猪群体中呈现出丰富的多态性,均表现出3种基因型;关联分析结果显示,皱皮香猪T221A位点的A等位基因频率显著高于普通香猪（P<0.05）,A228G位点中皱皮香猪的G等位基因频率极显著高于普通香猪（P<0.01）。T183C位点的C等位基因频率和C537T位点的T等位基因频率在皱皮香猪和普通香猪间未达到显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究结果揭示,HAS2基因的外显子1中发生的两个碱基变异可能影响基因转录后mRNA的稳定性以及蛋白的三维结构,影响HA的合成量,并与皱皮香猪体侧皮肤不均匀增厚且发生褶皱有关。  相似文献   

香猪基因组外显子SNPs检测及繁殖和体型性状候选基因分析     

孙凌翥  冉雪琴  刘畅  牛熙  黄世会  王嘉福 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(2):537-553

为从基因组水平上探究香猪性成熟早、产仔数少、体型小的分子机理,本研究下载与香猪在繁殖和体型性状方面有明显差异的梅山猪、杜洛克猪的重测序数据作为参照,对26头香猪、24头梅山猪和24头杜洛克猪的重测序数据进行SNPs检测和等位基因频率差值分析,筛选香猪基因组外显子上与梅山猪、杜洛克猪高度分化的SNPs位点,并使用AS-PCR方法和Sanger测序方法统计其中8个SNPs位点的群体等位基因频率。最后,对含有高度分化SNPs位点的基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析。结果显示,SNPs检测获得香猪基因组外显子上SNPs共236 710个,包括193个终止密码子丢失、1 238个终止密码子获得、90 945个错义SNPs和144 334个同义SNPs。得到1 046个香猪高度分化SNPs,包括429个错义SNPs、2个终止子丢失、6个终止子获得和609个同义SNPs,影响524个蛋白质编码基因;并发现X染色体上44-58 Mb的一段富含高度分化SNPs的热点区域。群体等位基因频率验证结果与重测序结果一致,鉴定了8个位点均为香猪与梅山猪、杜洛克猪高度分化的SNPs。对524个含有高度分化SNPs的基因进行GO和KEGG分析,富集到卵母细胞减数分裂、雌激素信号途径等繁殖相关通路;GO功能注释到细胞内雌激素受体信号、纤毛运动等繁殖相关条目,骨骼系统形态发生、骨骼发育、成骨细胞分化等体型相关条目。得到含有香猪高度分化SNPs的18个繁殖性状候选基因PTGFR、TRO、DNAH17、PKDREJ、KAT8、DNAI2、VDR、TEX14、QSOX1、AR、WNK3、ADCY3、SPEF1、MIGA2、SLC2A8、PSMF1、TBC1D20、IFT172和7个体型相关基因IBSP、NR6A1、HSPG2、TARS、PDZD2、FGF4、AMER1,可能是决定香猪性成熟早、产仔数少、体型小的关键基因。  相似文献   

Cloning of Inhibin-α Gene and its mRNA Expression Pattern in the Ovary of Congjiang Xiang Pig     

ZHANG Xiao  SU Yan  YANG Shi-bin  WANG Jia-fu  RAN Xue-qin 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(1):191-196

To reveal the relationship between inhibin-α(INHA) gene and the reproductive traits of Congjiang Xiang pig, INHA gene was cloned and sequenced taking the genomic DNA of Congjiang Xiang pigs as templates by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method.The polymorphisms of INHA gene were tested in Congjiang Xiang pig populations with high-litter size and low-litter size using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method.The expression profile of INHA gene in ovaries was detected from Congjiang Xiang pigs with high-litter yiled or low-litter yiled by Real-time PCR method.The complete coding region of INHA gene was 1095 bp in length, which coded for 364 amino acid residues.Compared with the known sequence, two candidate sites, G359A and A373G, were found out from exon 2 region of INHA gene in Congjiang Xiang pig.After investigation for the two sites in a large population, the frequency of alleles between two populations was not significant and without obvious relativity with the litter yiled of Congjiang Xiang pig.However, the INHA mRNA level in the ovary of Congjiang Xiang pig with high-litter yiled was higher than that with low-litter yiled.It suggested that INHA gene was much conserved, INHA gene expression level might be concerned for the regulation of ovary growth and follicle development in Congjiang Xiang pig breed.  相似文献