Prevalence and risk factors of mycobacterial infections in farm and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria     

Victor O. Akinseye  Muideen D. Adebayo  Oghenekaro O. Genesis  Olubukola D. Adelakun  Simeon I. B. Cadmus 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):761-772

We evaluated the prevalence of mycobacterial infections (i.e., Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria [NTM]) and their associated risk factors among cattle herds and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria. Through cross-sectional study design, cattle herds from three locations were screened using the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test based on two diagnostic standards; more than 4 mm (? 4 mm) and more than 2 mm (? 2 mm) cut-off points. Abattoir study involved screening trade cattle for tuberculous lesions. Overall, 515 cattle from 45 herds were screened. Using >?4 mm, animal level and herd prevalence of 11.7 and 46.7% were recorded, respectively. Applying the ? 2 mm cut-off, animal level and herd prevalence increased to 31.1 and 60.0%, respectively. Significantly, using the ? 2 mm cut-off, cattle in medium size herds/extensive management system (OR?=?1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and Sokoto Gudali (OR?=?2.3; 95% CI 1.4–3.8) were more at risk of being positive reactors, while Rahaji (OR?=?0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7) breeds of cattle and cows in the peri-urban area (OR?=?0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.9) were less at risk of being positive reactors. Again, M. avium reactor of 21.7% was observed. In the abattoir, 1797 cattle were examined with 126 lesions suggestive of tuberculosis (TB). Culture/molecular analyses confirmed 2.2% M. bovis and 0.9% NTM infections. Risk factors associated with bovine TB among trade cattle were sex (OR?=?4.0; 95% CI 1.2–13.5) and age (OR?=?0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.9). We confirm 11.7% prevalence of mycobacterial infections among populations of cattle screened with breed and herd size being major risk factors.  相似文献   

Analytical validation of platelet microparticle quantification in cats          下载免费PDF全文

Signe E. Cremer  Jørgen Koch  Nanna Graversen  Anne S. Gravgaard  Rebecca Langhorn  Annemarie T. Kristensen  Jakob L. Willesen  Lise N. Nielsen 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(3):386-395

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Symbiotic N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation and nitrate utilisation in irrigated lucerne (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>) systems     

Huimin Yang  Murray Unkovich  Ann McNeill  Xianzhi Wang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):377-385

Symbiotic N₂ fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N₂ fixation using ¹⁵N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO₃⁻ by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N₂ fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N₂ fixation amounts we calculated average N₂ fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N₂ fixing species examined.  相似文献   

E. Melanie DuPuis: Nature’s perfect food: how milk became America’s drink     

Evan Perrault 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):583-584

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Books received     

Carol J. Pierce Colfer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):589-590

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Performance evaluation of forest co-management: a case study of Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary,Bangladesh     

Umma Tamima 《林业研究》2016,27(4):853-861

The objective was to evaluate the performance of the co-management of Nishorgo Support Project at Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary in Bangladesh. I adopted the Focus Groups Discussion method for opinion survey and applied the SWOTAHP technique for data analysis. Local people did not participate in the decision-making process of forest management and they perceived co-management as a threat to their livelihoods. Moreover, mistrust and misunderstanding among different stakeholders, political and ethical conflicts, lack of property rights of tribal communities, and lack of accountability and transparency were identified as the drawbacks of co-management.  相似文献   

Jody Emel and Harvey Neo: Political ecologies of meat     

Heide K. Bruckner 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(3):739-740

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Brian K. Obach: Organic struggle: the movement for sustainable agriculture in the United States     

Kelly Yearick 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(2):505-506

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A.D. McIntyre (ed): Life in the world’s oceans—diversity,distribution and abundance     

Malcolm Jobling 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(3):597-598

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Comments on soil memory and paleo-environmental reconstruction of soil evolution     

Dan Yaalon 《Eurasian Soil Science》2011,44(4):462-463

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