巢湖表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及生物有效性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘飞  邓道贵  杨威  邵元启  祝鹏飞  宫政  葛茜 《水土保持学报》2012,26(5):149-153

为分析沉积物中重金属的分布特征、相互关系及其可能来源,以安徽巢湖表层沉积物为研究对象,利用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)测定5种重金属(铅、铜、镍、锌、镉)总量和同步浸提重金属(SEM)含量,同时测定酸可挥发性硫化物、总氮、总磷、总有机碳等多种指标,利用低影响程度(ER-L)和中影响程度(ER-M)基准值,[∑SEM]/[AVS]模型和[∑SEM]-[AVS]模型,判断预测表层沉积物中重金属的生物有效性。结果显示:重金属总量在全湖的空间分布不均匀,具有入湖口大于湖心的特征,共8个指标超过ER-L基准值,西湖区各金属总量大于东湖区,两者之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),全湖[∑SEM]/[AVS]的值在1.097～2.076之间,但[∑SEM]-[AVS]的变化范围为0.127～0.996μmol/g;表明重金属Cu、Cd污染较严重,人为输入影响大,AVS对重金属的束缚作用有重要影响,大部分表层沉积物中的重金属生物有效性低。  相似文献   

山西省小麦苗期根系性状及抗旱特性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵佳佳  乔玲  武棒棒  葛川  乔麟轶  张树伟  闫素仙  郑兴卫  郑军 《作物学报》2021,(4):714-727

小麦苗期根系形态是成株期根系分布的基础,与抗逆和产量密切相关,全面认识苗期根系及抗旱特性,对于抗旱优异种质的利用和早期筛选具有重要意义。采用239份山西省小麦品种(系)在土培条件下,研究了苗期根系性状及对水分胁迫的响应。结果表明,正常生长下山西小麦苗期根系性状多样性丰富,地方种变异最大;不同年代品种中,除最大根长随年代略下降外,其他性状均呈先升后降的趋势;不同根系性状对水分胁迫响应存在差异,总根长对水分最敏感,其次为根表面积、根体积和根生物量,最大根长和平均根数不敏感。苗期根系综合抗旱能力随年代呈先降后升的趋势,地方种和20世纪70年代品种多为中抗,80和90年代的品种抗旱性较低,2000年以后审定品种的抗性较高,其中旱地品种抗性最好。苗期根系抗旱特性与产量性状相关分析发现,最大根长、总根长、根体积和根生物量与雨养条件下的千粒重和产量显著正相关,最大根长和根生物量与成株期抗旱性也显著正相关。因此苗期最大根长和根生物量可作为半干旱地区旱地育种过程中抗旱性和产量的早期筛选指标。  相似文献   

黑松松针多糖的复合酶法提取及其抑菌性研究     

谢玮  郭宗明  葛胜菊  肖川  陈静 《保鲜与加工》2021,21(3):104-110

为了优化复合酶提取黑松松针多糖的工艺,并考察其抑菌性,根据松针粉的结构特点选取纤维素酶、果胶酶高效提取黑松松针多糖,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对这两种酶提取松针多糖的条件(液料比、酶添加量、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH)进行优化。根据优化后的工艺条件,建立了双酶复合提取黑松松针多糖的工艺,且证实分步加酶法提取的多糖得率较高,即:液料比20∶1(mL/g),酶解温度50℃,pH 6.5,先添加2.5%纤维素酶,酶解时间2 h,后添加1.5%果胶酶,酶解时间1.5 h。此条件下得到的黑松松针多糖得率达6.17%,远高于单酶提取效果。松针多糖对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有较好的抑菌效果。该方法简便,可用于提取黑松松针多糖,为松针的开发利用提供技术基础和方法。  相似文献   

Abstracts of papers presented at the Forty-First annual meeting     

Jay L. Haddock  Ray D. Jackson  W. O. Harrington  R. L. Olson  W. J. Weston  Mary L. Belote  W. J. Hooker  A. P. Benson  R. W. Hougas  S. J. Poloquin  R. W. Ross  G. V. C. Houghland  Wm. G. Hoyman  D. R. Isleib  N. R. Thompson  T. Miyamoto  E. J. Wheeler  S. T. Dexter  Hugh J. Murphy  Michael Goven  Alvah L. Perry  G. H. Rieman  D. B. Robinson  R. H. Larson  J. G. Walker  R. L. Sawyer  Lawrence A. Schaal  Clark H. Livingston  Ora Smith  W. L. Smith  Vilhelm Umaerus  L. M. Ware  W. A. Johnson  R. E. Webb  E. S. Schultz  Donald A. Young  L. C. Young 《American Journal of Potato Research》1958,35(3):441-449

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OBSERVATIONS ON THE UTILIZATION OF GRASS GRAZED BY YOUNG BEEF CATTLE WITH AND WITHOUT BARLEY SUPPLEMENTATION     

T. J. Forbes    A. M. Raven  K. L. Robinson 《Grass and Forage Science》1966,21(2):167-173

A field trial was carried out in which 3 groups of cattle were grazed on a paddock system with and without supplementary barley. The cattle were 6 months old when turned out to grass and were each fed 4 lb/day of barley for one week to prevent any adverse effect from an abrupt change of diet. The trial began on 14 May and continued until 8 October. The mean liveweight gain obtained on the unsupplemented grass was only 0·97 lb/day up to 20 August and owing to the poor growth of the animals a supplement of 4 lb barley/head/day was then introduced. The daily liveweight gain for the remainder of the trial was 1·94 lb. When a supplement of 4 lb barley was provided throughout the trial the mean daily liveweight gain was 1·61 lb. When barley was fed ad lib . intake averaged 12·3 lb/head/day throughout the trial and the mean daily gain was 2·45 lb.
Indoor digestibility and nitrogen retention trials were carried out. The starch equivalents of diets on the three treatments were 63·7, 68·3 and 69·5, respectively. The respective mean daily intakes of dry matter were 11·2, 11·9 and 11·8 lb, and the mean daily retentions of N were 35·0, 35·8 and 33·6g. These results indicate that although the grass was of good nutritive value the poor performance of the animals on grass alone was mainly due to their inability to graze sufficient grass.  相似文献   

一种简易的花生贮藏方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨丽英  柳志玲  葛再伟 《花生学报》2001,(2):19-22

以珍珠豆型花生品种狮选3号为材料，用生石灰作干燥剂，瓦罐及木箱和保存容器，通过3年观察其含水量，发芽率，发芽势的变化，找到一种简单，价廉的花生种子贮藏方法。  相似文献   

脑泰方对动脉粥样硬化兔氧化应激的影响研究     

刘吉勇  朱惠斌  陈懿  王国佐  易亚乔  葛金文 《勤云标准版测试》2015,35(10):22-26

目的 观察脑泰方对动脉粥样硬化兔氧化应激的影响,探讨脑泰方抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法 采用“高脂饲料喂养+免疫刺激方法”建立动脉粥样硬化兔模型,模型成功后随机分为脑泰方组、模型组、阿托伐他汀组,另设空白对照组,每组10只。药物干预后,采用酶联免疫法测定兔血清SOD、MDA及ox-LDL含量;采用PCR及Western Blot 技术检测LOX-1、VCAM-1、ICAM-1及MCP-1相关基因及蛋白表达情况。结果 模型兔SOD较空白对照组显著降低（P<0.01),MDA及ox-LDL显著升高（P<0.01),主动脉LOX-1、VCAM-1、ICAM-1、MCP-1mRNA和蛋白表达较对照组显著升高（P<0.01)。药物干预后,与模型组比较,脑泰方组兔SOD明显升高（P<0.01),MDA及ox-LDL含量明显降低（P<0.01),LOX-1、VCAM-1、ICAM-1、MCP-1的mRNA和蛋白质表达明显下降（P<0.01)。结论 脑泰方可能通过增强抗氧化能力,降低脂质过氧化程度及保护血管内皮的途径而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用。  相似文献   

Invasives: a major conservation threat     

Lambertini M  Leape J  Marton-Lefèvre J  Mittermeier RA  Rose M  Robinson JG  Stuart SN  Waldman B  Genovesi P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6041):404-405

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长江中下游稻区粳型超级稻高产形成及氮素利用的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

葛梦婕王亚江  颜希亭张洪程魏海燕  戴其根霍中洋许轲  朱聪聪 《植物营养与肥料学报》2014,20(2):259-270

选用长江中下游稻区7个粳型超级稻为试验材料,以普通粳稻为对照,在大田条件下设置7个氮肥水平(N0、150、187.5、225、262.5、300、337.5 kg/hm2),研究不同氮肥条件下粳型超级稻高产形成及其氮素利用特性。结果表明,超级粳稻在300 kg/hm2条件下产量最高,普通粳稻在262.5 kg/hm2条件下产量最高。超级粳稻两年最高产量平均值较普通粳稻高8.50%。与普通粳稻相比,超级粳稻各生育时期茎蘖数消长平稳,最终成穗率高,平均达78.10%;拔节前叶面积指数和光合势较低,拔节后较高。超级粳稻拔节前干物质、氮素积累量与普通粳稻相当,而拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段干物质和氮素积累量较普通粳稻分别高7.31%、6.55%和8.98%、9.66%;超级粳稻氮素表观利用率、农学利用率和生理利用率较普通粳稻分别高3.73%、11.63%和7.95%。超级粳稻较普通粳稻更耐肥,在高肥条件下增产优势明显,且对应的氮肥利用率也较高。  相似文献   

Temperament and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function are related and combine to affect growth, efficiency, carcass, and meat quality traits in Brahman steers     

Cafe LM  Robinson DL  Ferguson DM  Geesink GH  Greenwood PL 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2011,40(4):230-240

Associations between temperament, stress physiology, and productivity were studied in yearling Brahman steers (n = 81). Steers differed in calpain system gene marker status; 41 were implanted with a hormonal growth promotant at feedlot entry. Temperament was assessed with repeated measurements of flight speed (FS) and crush score (CS) during 6 mo of backgrounding at pasture and 117 d of grain finishing. Adrenal responsiveness was assessed with ACTH challenge, with plasma samples collected immediately before and 60 min after challenge. Steers with higher FS and CS had higher prechallenge plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. The ACTH-induced cortisol response was unrelated to FS or CS, but glucose remained higher after challenge in flightier steers. The hormonal growth promotant reduced adrenal responsiveness; tenderness genotype had no effect. When temperament assessments and cortisol concentrations before and after challenge were combined in a principal components analysis, four vectors accounting for 38%, 25%, 18%, and 9% of the variation were identified. The first vector had significant loadings on temperament and prechallenge cortisol; increasing scores were associated with increased plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid and with reductions in BW and feedlot growth rates, carcass fatness, and muscle pH. The second vector loaded only on ACTH-induced cortisol response; increased scores related to increased residual feed intake, number of daily feed sessions, and meat marbling score. The third and fourth vectors had different loadings on FS and CS and appeared to identify different aspects of temperament measured by FS or CS. Fewer associations were found between the third or fourth vectors and productivity traits, possibly because of lower variance accounted for by these vectors. In conclusion, temperament was related to prechallenge cortisol but not to ACTH-induced cortisol response. Principal components analysis separated these traits into separate components, which in turn had different relations with productivity traits. The largest component of temperament was described similarly by FS and CS, but there were smaller components that these described differently. There were some temperament-related differences in the metabolic status of the steers which were not related to the variation in cortisol, suggesting involvement of the sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis in these temperament-related effects.  相似文献