Coniferous afforestation increases soil carbon in maritime sand dunes     

Nilda M. Amiotti  Pablo Zalba  Javier M. Rossi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):289-304

Afforestation of grasslands can increase C sequestration and provide additional economic and environmental benefits. Pine plantations, however, have often been found to deplete soil organic C and trigger detrimental effects on soils. We examined soil characteristics under a 45-year-old Pinus radiata stand and under adjacent grassland on maritime dunes in temperate Argentina. Soil under the pine plantation had greater soil organic C (+93%), total N (+55%) and available P (+100%) concentrations than under grassland. Carbon was stored under the pinestand at an estimated mean accretion rate of 0.64 Mg ha^?1 y^?1. At 0- to 25-cm depth, soil C amounted to 61 Mg ha^?1 under pine and 27 Mg ha^?1 under grassland. Soil C accumulated more on dune slopes (35 Mg ha^?1 y^?1) than on ridges(29 Mg ha^?1 y^?1) and bottoms (12 Mg ha^?1 y^?1). Compared with the grassland, soil acidity, cation-exchange capacity, base losses (K > Ca = Mg) and C/N ratio increased under pine. Spatial heterogeneity in soil characteristics was greater under pine than under grassland. Such variability was non-systematic and did not support the ‘single-tree influence circle’ concept. Afforestation increased C in soil, forest floor and tree biomass in dunes with ustic climate regime.  相似文献   

In situ detection of tree root distribution and biomass by multi-electrode resistivity imaging     

Amato M  Basso B  Celano G  Bitella G  Morelli G  Rossi R 《Tree physiology》2008,28(10):1441-1448

Traditional methods for studying tree roots are destructive and labor intensive, but available nondestructive techniques are applicable only to small scale studies or are strongly limited by soil conditions and root size. Soil electrical resistivity measured by geoelectrical methods has the potential to detect belowground plant structures, but quantitative relationships of these measurements with root traits have not been assessed. We tested the ability of two-dimensional (2-D) DC resistivity tomography to detect the spatial variability of roots and to quantify their biomass in a tree stand. A high-resolution resistivity tomogram was generated along a 11.75 m transect under an Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. stand based on an alpha-Wenner configuration with 48 electrodes spaced 0.25 m apart. Data were processed by a 2-D finite-element inversion algorithm, and corrected for soil temperature. Data acquisition, inversion and imaging were completed in the field within 60 min. Root dry mass per unit soil volume (root mass density, RMD) was measured destructively on soil samples collected to a depth of 1.05 m. Soil sand, silt, clay and organic matter contents, electrical conductivity, water content and pH were measured on a subset of samples. The spatial pattern of soil resistivity closely matched the spatial distribution of RMD. Multiple linear regression showed that only RMD and soil water content were related to soil resistivity along the transect. Regression analysis of RMD against soil resistivity revealed a highly significant logistic relationship (n = 97), which was confirmed on a separate dataset (n = 67), showing that soil resistivity was quantitatively related to belowground tree root biomass. This relationship provides a basis for developing quick nondestructive methods for detecting root distribution and quantifying root biomass, as well as for optimizing sampling strategies for studying root-driven phenomena.  相似文献   

Using simple causal modeling to understand how water and temperature affect daily stem radial variation in trees     

Deslauriers A  Anfodillo T  Rossi S  Carraro V 《Tree physiology》2007,27(8):1125-1136

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Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Lymph Nodes of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) by a Target‐Amplified Test System     

E. Bollo  E. Ferroglio  V. Dini  W. Mignone  B. Biollatti  L. Rossi 《Zoonoses and public health》2000,47(5):337-342

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Prediction of vascular invasion using a 7‐point scale computed tomography grading system in adrenal tumors in dogs     

Pascaline Pey  Swan Specchi  Federica Rossi  Alessia Diana  Ignazio Drudi  Allison L. Zwingenberger  Philipp D. Mayhew  Luciano Pisoni  Daniele Mari  Federico Massari  Boris Dalpozzo  Federico Fracassi  Stefano Nicoli 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):713

BackgroundPrevious studies evaluating the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in detecting caudal vena cava (CVC) invasion by adrenal tumors (AT) used a binary system and did not evaluate for other vessels.ObjectiveTest a 7‐point scale CT grading system for accuracy in predicting vascular invasion and for repeatability among radiologists. Build a decision tree based on CT criteria to predict tumor type.MethodsRetrospective observational cross‐sectional case study. Abdominal CT studies were analyzed by 3 radiologists using a 7‐point CT grading scale for vascular invasion and by 1 radiologist for CT features of AT.AnimalsDogs with AT that underwent adrenalectomy and had pre‐ and postcontrast CT.ResultsNinety‐one dogs; 45 adrenocortical carcinomas (50%), 36 pheochromocytomas (40%), 9 adrenocortical adenomas (10%) and 1 unknown tumor. Carcinoma and pheochromocytoma differed in pre‐ and postcontrast attenuation, contralateral adrenal size, tumor thrombus short‐ and long‐axis, and tumor and thrombus mineralization. A decision tree was built based on these differences. Adenoma and malignant tumors differed in contour irregularity. Probability of vascular invasion was dependent on CT grading scale, and a large equivocal zone existed between 3 and 6 scores, lowering CT accuracy to detect vascular invasion. Radiologists'' agreement for detecting abnormalities (evaluated by chance‐corrected weighted kappa statistics) was excellent for CVC and good to moderate for other vessels. The quality of postcontrast CT study had a negative impact on radiologists'' performance and agreement.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFeatures of CT may help radiologists predict AT type and provide probabilistic information on vascular invasion.  相似文献   

The sounds of silence: regime shifts impoverish marine soundscapes     

Tullio Rossi  Sean D. Connell  Ivan Nagelkerken 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(2):239-248

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Chemical markers for the evaluation of raw material hygienic quality in egg products     

Hidalgo A  Franzetti L  Rossi M  Pompei C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(4):1289-1297

The aim of this research was to study uracil and lactic and acetic acids as chemical markers for hygienic quality evaluation of raw material in liquid pasteurized egg products. Uracil, absent in sound whole eggs, was formed in raw and pasteurized egg products as a consequence of high microbial contamination (>10(6) cfu/g) after a sufficient lag time, remaining stable at 4 degrees C but disappearing after 7 days of storage at 25 degrees C. Both lactic and acetic acids, starting from initial values of 1-7 mg/kg dry matter, presented trends similar to that of uracil; however, acetic acid never decreased during the storage of raw egg products. With few exceptions, all three metabolites were produced by Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Serratia liquefaciens, Aeromonas hydrophyla, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterococcus avium, and Enterococcus faecalis, separately inoculated in whole egg samples. Uracil seems to be the most sensible marker, with a suggested limit corresponding to the detectable level.  相似文献   

Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. in ornamental fish in Italy     

Zanoni RG  Florio D  Fioravanti ML  Rossi M  Prearo M 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(6):433-441

The occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. in freshwater and marine ornamental fish was studied in Italy from June 2002 to May 2005. Two surveys were carried out, one of aquarium fish sent to the Laboratory for diagnosis, and the other of prevalence of infection by mycobacteria in ornamental fish imported into Italy. Bacterial isolation was carried out from the spleen, kidney and liver, and the isolates were subsequently identified by biochemical tests. In the first survey, 387 fish were examined and Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from 181 (46.8%) fish. In the second survey 127 batches of ornamental fish from different countries were examined. Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from 38 (29.9%) batches. The following species were found: M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. marinum, M. gordonae, M. nonchromogenicum and M. interjectum. There was a high prevalence of infection independent of the presence of macroscopic lesions. Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. chelonae were more prevalent than M. marinum in the samples examined.  相似文献   

Replacement of Fish Meal with Plant Feedstuffs in the Diet of Red Drum,Sciaenops ocellatus: Effects on Production Characteristics and Tolerance to Aquaculture‐Related Stressors     

Joseph D. Moxley  Waldemar Rossi  Alejandro Buentello  Camilo Pohlenz  Delbert M. Gatlin  Joseph R. Tomasso 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(2):192-198

The continued expansion of intensive aquaculture activities requires that substitutes for fish meal‐based protein be identified. In this study, we evaluated partial (50 and 75%) replacement of fish meal in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, diets with soy protein concentrate (S) and barley protein concentrate (B). Growth, feed efficiency, survival, tolerance to low temperature, and tolerance to handling in warm, hypersaline water were evaluated. Only the diet with a 50% replacement of fish meal with S yielded results comparable to fish fed a nonsubstituted fish meal diet. However, the low‐temperature studies were complicated by differences in mean fish weight among the groups. The results of this study indicate S may be partially substituted for fish meal in red drum diets.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular study of the horse: relation between vascular and tissue changes in the myocardium. 3     

F Dudan  G L Rossi  H Luginbühl 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1985,127(6):369-378

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