Developments in management of the newborn foal in respiratory distress 1: Evaluation     

P C Kosch  A M Koterba  T J Coons  A I Webb 《Equine veterinary journal》1984,16(4):312-318

Developments in evaluation of newborn foals with respiratory distress are discussed. Major causes of respiratory distress are outlined and discussed in terms of the similar respiratory signs exhibited by foals with this clinical syndrome. History, physical examination, clinical pathology, chest radiography and blood gas analyses are discussed as important elements of the evaluation of the condition of these foals. Foals with respiratory disease are grouped into three major categories on the basis of clinical signs and arterial blood gas profiles. The evaluation of foals with respiratory distress is designed not only to reach an accurate diagnosis of the aetiology but also to define the foal's need for respiratory support.  相似文献   

Current approved drugs for aquatic species     

Haskell SR  Payne MA  Webb AI  Riviere JE  Craigmill AL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(1):50-51

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Ventricular dyssynchrony as a cause of structural disease in the heart of Dorper sheep     

Ker J  Webb EC  van der Merwe CF 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2004,71(3):197-202

Ventricular dyssynchrony is a disturbance of the normal, organized electromechanical coupling of the two ventricles. This condition has many causes, such as left bundle branch block, ventricular preexcitation, right ventricular pacing and right ventricular premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Ventricular dyssynchrony has many adverse haemodynamic effects on the left ventricle and we wanted to know whether these adverse haemodynamic effects might have any structural consequences on the left ventricles of such hearts. Six healthy Dorper wethers were subjected to numerous right ventricular PVCs to induce ventricular dyssynchrony in order to determine whether any structural consequences will occur in the left ventricles of these hearts. Myocarditis in the musculature of the left ventricles of all six these hearts was seen.  相似文献   

Behavioural analysis of the efficacy of treatments for injuries to the spinal cord in animals     

Webb AA  Jeffery ND  Olby NJ  Muir GD 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(8):225-230

There have been very few clinical trials evaluating therapies for naturally occurring spinal cord injury in dogs and cats. This review describes the methods suitable for evaluating the behavioural recovery of animals with spinal cord injuries, in either a clinical or a laboratory setting. A list of commonly used methods for evaluating behavioural recovery in animals is provided, both in the clinical and laboratory setting; the tests, their limitations and benefits and specific recommendations for their use are also discussed in more depth.  相似文献   

An economic analysis of communal goat production     

Sebel PJ  McCrindle CM  Webb EC 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2004,75(1):19-23

The economic impact of different extension messages used was calculated using enterprise budgeting (gross margin analysis). Input data were gleaned from the literature, from participatory appraisals, as well as a field study, spanning 12 months, of small-scale communal goat farming systems in Jericho in the Odi District of North West Province. The number of offspring weaned per annum, as a proportion of does owned, was selected as the desired output for analysis. This study has shown that small-scale communal goat farmers are not adopting or implementing extension messages to improve production capacity. In South Africa the majority of goats are slaughtered in the informal sector. If the informal sector is to be persuaded to market goats commercially through formal channels, then knowledge of the economics of goat farming on communal lands should be provided. The economic aspects of extension messages are probably an important factor in determining acceptance and sustainability yet appear to be seldom investigated. The probable reason for lack of adoption of standard extension messages, which promote improved nutrition, parasite control, vaccination and treatment of goats, was economic. In other words, the so-called 'poor management practices' used by communal farmers appeared to be economically more profitable than the 'good management practices' suggested to increase production. The price of communal goats was not related to their mass. A higher level of inputs would probably have resulted in a heavier kid, however it was established that this would not have influenced the price received as a majority of the goats were slaughtered for ritual purposes where age, colour and sex were more important to the purchaser than body mass. It is standard practice in commercial farming systems to evaluate the economic benefits of all management practices before they are implemented. Production animal veterinarians use veterinary economics to compare different scenarios to control diseases or select management practices in commercial herds. It is suggested that the inputs and outputs of small-scale farming systems should be carefully analysed and that veterinary economics should also be used to evaluate the probable impact of extension messages formulated by veterinarians and animal health technicians.  相似文献   

Lineages of acidophilic archaea revealed by community genomic analysis     

Baker BJ  Tyson GW  Webb RI  Flanagan J  Hugenholtz P  Allen EE  Banfield JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5807):1933-1935

Novel, low-abundance microbial species can be easily overlooked in standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based surveys. We used community genomic data obtained without PCR or cultivation to reconstruct DNA fragments bearing unusual 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein-coding genes from organisms belonging to novel archaeal lineages. The organisms are minor components of all biofilms growing in pH 0.5 to 1.5 solutions within the Richmond Mine, California. Probes specific for 16S rRNA showed that the fraction less than 0.45 micrometers in diameter is dominated by these organisms. Transmission electron microscope images revealed that the cells are pleomorphic with unusual folded membrane protrusions and have apparent volumes of <0.006 cubic micrometer.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of bovine Johne's disease (BJD) in beef cattle herds in Australia     

Larsen JW  Webb Ware JK  Kluver P 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(1-2):6-13

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The interpretation of disease phenotypes to identify TSE strains in mice: characterisation of BSE using PrPSc distribution patterns in the brain     

Erica Corda  Katy E Beck  Rosemary E Sallis  Christopher M Vickery  Margaret Denyer  Paul R Webb  Susan J Bellworthy  Yvonne I Spencer  Marion M Simmons  John Spiropoulos 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):86

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Effect of Ergopeptines Associated with Tall Fescue Ingestion on Recovery of Horses Subjected to Standardized Exercise Tests     

Gary W. Webb  Susan Demster  Kelsie Minton  Susan P. Webb  Elizabeth L. Walker  Benjamin Onyango 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Ten horses were paired by body weight, age, and skill level, and one of each pair was assigned to one of two groups. Horses were fed alfalfa hay and a mixture of commercial sweet feed and pellets. Horses in group A were fed fescue seed that contained both ergovaline and ergotamine (E+), whereas those in the other group were fed seed that was free from ergot alkaloids (E−). After the first 35 days, horses were switched to the opposite seed treatment. Seed was fed at 8.2% of the diet, resulting in 406 ppb of ergotamine plus ergovaline in the E+ diet. During weeks 3, 5, 7, and 10, horses were subjected to two separate standardized exercise tests (SETs). The aerobic test consisted of walking, trotting, and loping and was designed to maintain horse's heart rate (HR) to less than 150 beats per minute (bpm). The anaerobic test consisted of 40 turns in less than 4 minutes in response to the movements of a mechanical cow and was designed to increase the horse's HR to more than 150 bpm. There were no treatment effects on water consumption or sweat production. There were also no treatment effects on rectal temperature at rest or during recovery from the anaerobic SET. However, rectal temperatures were higher (P < .05) 1 and 30 minutes after the aerobic SET for horses consuming E+ seed. When horses were on the E+ treatment, HRs were lower (P < .05), both at rest and during the SET. HRs were also lower (P < .05) for the E+ treatment at 1 minute after the aerobic test and 5 and 10 minutes after the anaerobic test. Respiration rates were higher (P < .05) 30 minutes after the aerobic SET and 30 and 60 minutes after the anaerobic SET for the E+ treatment. Horses may have increased respiration rates to compensate for a reduction in the efficiency of evaporative cooling, which resulted from vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels.  相似文献   

Detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi using a triplex qPCR assay     

Katy Webb  Colin Barker  Tihana Harrison  Zoe Heather  Karen F. Steward  Carl Robinson  J. Richard Newton  Andrew S. Waller 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):300-304

Genome sequencing data for Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and zooepidemicus were used to develop a novel diagnostic triplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting two genes specific to S. equi (eqbE and SEQ2190) and a unique 100 base pair control DNA sequence (SZIC) inserted into the SZO07770 pseudogene of S. zooepidemicus strain H70. This triplex strangles qPCR assay can provide results within 2 h of sample receipt, has an overall sensitivity of 93.9% and specificity of 96.6% relative to the eqbE singlex assay and detects S. equi at levels below the threshold of the culture assay, even in the presence of contaminating bacteria.  相似文献