玛纳斯河洪峰周期分析     

李启发  施文军张蕾 《水土保持研究》2007,14(4):401-403

玛纳斯河是新疆境内最大的一条内陆河,多年平均年径流量13.1亿m^3,是玛纳斯河流域和绿洲生产生活的主要水源。利用玛纳斯河肯斯瓦特水文站50年水文观测资料分析洪水成因,对洪峰、径流量等洪水特征进行数理统计,结合气温、降水等影响洪水的因素,得到洪水变化特点,推断玛纳斯河洪峰周期,为水利工程规划设计、防洪抗旱提供参考依据。  相似文献   

种植沉水植物和疏浚底泥对氮磷营养水平的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

包先明  陈开宁  范成新  朱龙喜  史龙新 《土壤通报》2006,37(5):932-935

通过对五里湖沉积物进行不同疏浚深度(30 cm和60 cm)沉水植物恢复实验研究,结果表明:对于未种植水草的疏浚沉积物来说,疏浚并不能很好地降低水体中氮磷水平,在一定时间内,氮磷水平有恢复增加的可能;种植菹草的疏浚沉积物,除在开始阶段氮磷水平有所增加外,随时间的延长,对上覆水中的氮磷有很好的控制。所以将底泥疏浚与沉水植物的恢复相结合起来,在控制湖泊内源污染方面将达到更好的效果。  相似文献   

中国古代土壤耕作理论和技术的历史演进     

张海芝  杨首乐  马威  王桂英  史国敏 《土壤通报》2006,37(5):994-998

“耕为农事之首”,“欲求足食之道,先明力耕之法”。我国古代就高度重视土壤耕作在农业增产中的重要作用,先民们在长期的农业生产实践中,积累了丰富的土壤耕作的经验,并把直观经验上升为土壤耕作理论和技术,本文以历史时代为线索,对我国古代土壤耕作理论和技术的产生和发展及其基本内容进行一些分析和探讨,以期对当今土壤耕作科学具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

强度侵蚀红壤区不同治理措施对土壤理化性质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蒋芳市  黄炎和  林金石  林秋月  闫芳芳  王道坦  钟炳林  岳辉 《亚热带水土保持》2006,18(1):1-5,28

为了探讨生态治理措施对强度侵蚀红壤区土壤质量的影响,2005年对治理区4种不同治理措施下土壤理化性状进行比较研究。结果表明:强度侵蚀红壤区经过5年治理后,土壤的理化性质有了明显的改善。封禁措施改善土壤的物理性状最明显,生态果园措施次之,种植胡枝子最差。全面播种百喜草和封育措施能显著改善土壤的化学性状,生态果园措施略差,种植胡枝子改善作用并不明显。同时,这些措施的效果离原始林区的土壤质量还有很大差距。  相似文献   

Application of quantum dot-antibody conjugates for detection of sulfamethazine residue in chicken muscle tissue     

Ding S  Chen J  Jiang H  He J  Shi W  Zhao W  Shen J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(17):6139-6142

A new indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) method for the detection of sulfamethazine (SM2) in chicken muscle tissue was demonstrated using quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence label coupled with secondary antibody. The sensitivity of the cFLISA was compared with that of the HPLC method. The 50% inhibition value (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the cFLISA were 7.7 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. When SM2 was spiked at levels of 50, 100, and 200 ng/g, recoveries ranged from 80.6% to 117.4%, with a coefficient of variation of 6.9-9.6%. In the incurred sample analysis, the amounts of SM2 quantified by cFLISA were similar to the results obtained by the HPLC method. This study shows that cFLISA could be used as a screening method in practice.  相似文献   

Genotypic variation in grain cadmium concentration of lowland rice   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Junyu He  Cheng Zhu  Yanfang Ren  Yuping Yan  Dean Jiang 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(5):711-716

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of paddy rice soils is commonly observed in the Yangtse River Delta, China. Large Cd uptake by rice plants and its translocation into the grains can entail human‐health risks. Genotypic variations in Cd uptake and a differential Cd partitioning into grains will be the basis for developing a rice screening or breeding tool for low grain Cd. A field experiment, conducted at the experimental farm of Jiaxing, Zhejiang province from 2002 to 2004, compared 38 rice genotypes of different types (indica vs. japonica) collected from the Yangtse River Delta. The results showed large differences in Cd concentrations in straw, brown rice, and grain chaff among the rice genotypes grown on Cd‐contaminated soil. Concentrations in brown rice ranged from 0.06 to 0.99 mg Cd kg^–1. The total Cd uptake in brown rice varied between 0.96 and 28.58 μg plant ^{– 1}. In general, indica‐type cultivars accumulated significantly more Cd than the japonica‐type cultivars. The Cd concentration in straw was highly correlated with that in brown rice. While significant differences in the Cd‐partitioning ratio (% share of total Cd uptake found in brown rice) among rice genotypes were observed, these were not correlated with Cd concentration of brown rice. This indicates that the Cd accumulation in rice grains appears to be governed mainly by the Cd uptake by the plant and probably not by differential Cd partitioning. The large genotypic variation suggests the possibility to lower the Cd content of rice by genotype selection. The development of such breeding tools should focus on low Cd uptake rather than Cd partitioning between straw and grain.  相似文献   

空间变异在土壤性质长期定位观测及取样中的应用   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

姜勇  庄秋丽  梁文举  施春健  欧伟 《土壤通报》2005,36(4):531-535

通过对中国科学院沈阳生态实验站30m×42m样地进行网格法分层取样,采用经典统计学与地统计学相结合的方法,以土壤pH和有机碳(TOC)为例,探讨了空间变异在土壤性质定位试验及取样中的应用。结果表明,49对样本的pH和TOC变异系数均小于10%,变量在0~10cm和10~20cm两个层次的基本统计数值基本接近,最佳理论模型的参数显示各变量空间变异主要受结构性因素的影响,且以135°方向的变异为主;相对误差为10%时采集6个和10个土样可分别达到95%和99%的置信水平,结合空间分布格局可以确定更为精确的取样方案;综合分析表明待选样地可以作为土壤性质长期定位观测试验用地。  相似文献   

不同土地利用方式对岩溶山区旱坡地土壤水分时空分异的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

刘海隆  蒋太明  刘洪斌  肖厚军  夏锦慧 《土壤学报》2005,42(3):428-433

通过对岩溶山区贵州修文县2年的土壤水分定点观测,系统分析了研究区不同坡度下土地利用方式对土壤水分的影响。分析结果表明,在不同坡度之间,土壤水分的变化差异极为显著;在不同的土地利用方式条件下,蔬菜地的土壤水分变化与其他两种用地的差异极为显著,而裸地与小麦—玉米轮作地之间却没有显著差异。同一时间径流深虽然16°坡地>9.5°坡地>6.5°坡地,但土壤水分却存在9.5°坡地>16°坡地>6.5°坡地的关系,初步分析这是由土壤剖面质地差异所致,从剖面分布来看,土壤水分含量都随着深度的增加而增大。坡度和土地利用方式对土壤水分的影响主要集中在BC层以上,而在C层这种影响较弱,坡度因素的影响深度比土地利用方式小。  相似文献   

华南兴国县影响土壤侵蚀时空动力学的环境因素   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

WANG Ku  SHI Xue-Zheng  YU Dong-Sheng  SHI De-Ming  CHEN Jing-Ming  XU Bin-Bin  LIANG Yin  LI De-Cheng 《土壤圈》2005,15(5):620-627

By using soil erosion maps of four different time periods and a digital elevation model (DEM), in combination with the remote sensing and GIS technologies, soil erosion dynamics in Xingguo County of Jiangxi Province in South China were analyzed on both temporal and spatial scales in soils of different parent materials, altitudes and slopes. The results showed that from 1958 to 2000 severe soil erosion was coming under control with a decreasing percentage of the land under severe erosion. It was also found that the soils developed from Quaternary red clay, granite and purple shale were more susceptible to soil erosion and that areas sitting between 200 to 500 m in altitude with a slope less than 3° or between 7° to 20° where human activities were frequent remained to be zones where soil erosion was most likely to occur. These areas deserve special attention in monitoring and controlling.  相似文献   

用毛细吸渗原理快速测量土壤田间持水量的研究   总被引：18，自引：8，他引：18  

江培福  雷廷武  刘晓辉  武阳  李鑫  王全九 《农业工程学报》2006,22(7):1-5

田间持水量是衡量田间土壤保持水分能力的重要指标，视为对作物有效的土壤水分的上限，对农田灌溉和作物水分管理具有十分重要意义。该研究提出了能快速测量土壤田间持水量的新型毛细吸渗法。该方法以田间持水量为无地下水影响下土壤基质所能吸持的最大含水量为物理基础，设计了一套满足田间持水量要求的实验方法、装置和程序，采用5种不同土壤测量了其田间持水量，并与用威尔科克斯法测量得到的田间持水量进行了对比。结果表明：所提出的新型测量方法，无论是基本原理还是室内试验均可行。与威尔科克斯法相比，其测量值略微偏小；两种测量值相关性很好，相差约为9％，产生这种现象的原因主要是土壤的吸湿过程与脱湿过程中土壤含水率的滞后所致。与传统的测量方法相比，该方法可大大缩短测量时间，具有利用前景。  相似文献