Herd and within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence among Irish beef herds submitting bulls for entry to a performance testing station     

O'Grady L  O'Neill R  Collins D  Clegg T  More S 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(12):809-815

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1), may result in various clinical consequences, including severe respiratory disease and conjunctivitis, venereal disease and reduced reproductive performance and abortion. This paper presents the serosurveillance findings from an intake of bulls into a performance testing station in Ireland during November 2007. The herd and within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence in 53 Irish beef herds and the risk factors for infection in these herds were determined, among bulls entering a beef performance testing station in Ireland. BoHV-1 status was determined for 41 herds, of which 30 (73.2%) herds were infected and the mean within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence was 28 (± 20)%. Multivariate exact logistic modelling revealed increasing numbers of contiguous herds and decreasing percentage of males within the herd as significant risk factors associated with infected herds. These findings highlight the high prevalence of BoHV-1 infection in those Irish beef herds that submitted bulls to this performance testing station, and raise concerns regarding IBR control nationally.  相似文献   

REPLY     

JC McNAE  SJ LEWIS 《Australian veterinary journal》2004,82(8):478-478

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Incidence of autumn frost damage and lammas growth in a 4-year-old clonal trial of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in Britain     

Mboyi  WM; Lee  SJ 《Forestry》1999,72(2):135-146

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Incidence of ryegrass staggers in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) at Auckland Zoo     

SJ Bluett  DE Hume  BA Tapper  SL Stephens 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

Abstract

Extract

Most perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants in pastures in New Zealand contain a naturally occurring fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii. Endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass produces alkaloids that vary in concentration during the year. Some alkaloids enhance the persistence and productivity of ryegrass pastures by protecting them against insect attack. However, when other alkaloids are consumed they can reduce animal performance and lead to health problems. The alkaloid lolitrem B, for example, causes the neuromuscular disorder ryegrass staggers (Fletcher et al 1999 Fletcher, LR, Sutherland, BL and Fletcher, CG. 1999. “The impact of endophyte on the health and productivity of sheep grazing ryegrass-based pastures”. In Ryegrass endophyte: an essential New Zealand symbiosis Grassland Research and Practice Series Edited by: Woodfield, DR and Matthew, C. Vol. 7, 11–17.  [Google Scholar]). Clinical symptoms of ryegrass staggers in animals range from slight muscular tremors through to staggering and complete collapse. Severely affected animals create management problems and are prone to accidental death. Outbreaks occur sporadically, particularly in summer and autumn and affect sheep, cattle, deer, horses, llamas (Lama glama) and alpaca (Lama pacos). Lolitrem B appears to be a stable compound, which tends to be concentrated in the leaf sheath at the base of the ryegrass plant and in the seed-heads (di Menna et al 1992 di Menna, ME, Mortimer, PH, Prestidge, RA, Hawkes, AD and Sprosen, JM. 1992. Lolitrem B concentrations, counts of Acremo ni um lolii hyphae, and the incidence of ryegrass staggers in lambs on plots of A. lolii-infected perennial ryegrass. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 35: 211–217. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Keogh et al 1996 Keogh, RG, Tapper, BA and Fletcher, RH. 1996. Distributions of the fungal endophyte Acremonium lolii, and of the alkaloids lolitrem B and peramine, within perennial ryegrass. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 39: 121–127. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Hay made from endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass contains large numbers of seed-heads and lolitrem B concentrations can be high, especially if it is made in late summer or autumn and, consequently, animals fed such hay are at risk of developing ryegrass staggers.  相似文献   

Imaging electron wave functions of quantized energy levels in carbon nanotubes     

LC Venema  JWG Wildoer  JW Janssen  SJ Tans  HLJT Tuinstra  LP Kouwenhoven  C Dekker 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5398):52-55

Carbon nanotubes provide a unique system for studying one-dimensional quantization phenomena. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to observe the electronic wave functions that correspond to quantized energy levels in short metallic carbon nanotubes. Discrete electron waves were apparent from periodic oscillations in the differential conductance as a function of the position along the tube axis, with a period that differed from that of the atomic lattice. Wave functions could be observed for several electron states at adjacent discrete energies. The measured wavelengths are in good agreement with the calculated Fermi wavelength for armchair nanotubes.  相似文献   

Thermographic selection of effective catalysts from an encoded polymer-bound library     

SJ Taylor  JP Morken 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5361):267-270

A general method is introduced for the rapid and simultaneous evaluation of each member of large encoded catalyst libraries for the ability to catalyze a reaction in solution. The procedure was used to select active catalysts from a library of potential polymer-bound multifunctional catalysts. From approximately 7000 beads screened (3150 distinct catalysts), 23 beads were selected for catalysis of an acylation reaction. Kinetic experiments indicate that the most strongly selected beads are also the most efficient catalysts.  相似文献   

Photonic channels for quantum communication     

van Enk SJ  JI Cirac  P Zoller 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5348):205-208

A general photonic channel for quantum communication is defined. By means of local quantum computing with a few auxiliary atoms, this channel can be reduced to one with effectively less noise. A scheme based on quantum interference is proposed that iteratively improves the fidelity of distant entangled particles.  相似文献   

Factors on farms in eastern Australia associated with the development of tibiotarsal rotation in ostrich chicks     

BT SQUIRE  SJ MORE 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):110-117

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Solarization for the control of Pueraria montana (kudzu)     

CH NEWTON  LR NELSON  SJ DEWALT  EA MIKHAILOVA  CJ POST  MA SCHLAUTMAN  SK COX  WC BRIDGES  KC HALL 《Weed Research》2008,48(5):394-397

The effects of translucent polyethylene sheeting as a thermal covering to eradicate Pueraria montana (kudzu) were investigated at Clemson, South Carolina on a clay loam. In 2005, the highest reduction of live root crowns was observed where P. montana was covered for the entire growing season (May–October) with a reduction of 42% of live root crowns compared with the control plots. Where P. montana was covered for alternate weeks throughout the growing season live root crowns were reduced by 35%. Covering P. montana for one week and then uncovering for four weeks repeatedly through the season killed 24% of root crowns. In 2006, the second year of treatment to the same plots, the three solarization treatments had similar efficacy of about 97%. The use of polyethylene sheeting appears not to be cost‐effective for general control of large P. montana infestations, but may be useful for small patches.  相似文献   

Incidence of laminitis and survey of dietary and management practices in pleasure horses and ponies in south‐eastern Australia          下载免费PDF全文

SJ Potter  NJ Bamford  PA Harris  SR Bailey 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(10):370-374

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