Waste management: expired drugs     

Haskell SR  Ormond CJ  Occhipinti LP  Powers EL;AVMA Committee on Environmental Issues 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(1):51-52

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HOD calls for review of sow gestation stalls     

Nolen RS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(5):573-574

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Evaluation of bacteriologic culture of individual and pooled fecal samples for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds     

Wells SJ  Godden SM  Lindeman CJ  Collins JE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(7):1022-1025

OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity of bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples in detecting Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, compared with bacteriologic culture of individual fecal samples in dairy cattle herds. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 24 dairy cattle herds. PROCEDURE: Individual and pooled fecal samples were submitted for bacteriologic culture, and results were compared between these groups. RESULTS: Ninety-four and 88% of pooled fecal samples that contained feces from at least 1 animal with high (mean, > or = 50 colonies/tube) and moderate (mean, 10 to 49 colonies/tube) concentrations of M paratuberculosis, respectively, were identified by use of bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples. Prevalences of paratuberculosis determined by bacteriologic culture of pooled and individual fecal samples were highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples provided a valid and cost-effective method for the detection of M paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle herds and can be used to estimate prevalence of infection within a herd.  相似文献   

Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in table egg layer house environments and in mice in U.S. layer houses and associated risk factors     

Garber L  Smeltzer M  Fedorka-Cray P  Ladely S  Ferris K 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):134-142

Prevalence was estimated for Salmonella enterica serotype eneritidis (SE) in layer house environments (n = 200 layer houses) and house mice (n = 129 layer houses) in 15 states throughout the United States. Environmental swabs were collected from manure, egg belts, elevators, and walkways. Live-catch rodent traps were placed for 4-7 days. Swabs and house mice were submitted to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Overall, 7.1% of layer houses and 3.7% of mice were culture positive for SE. The highest prevalence was in the Great Lakes region of the United States, and no SE was recovered from houses or mice in the southeast region. Presence of SE in layer houses was associated with age/molting, floor reared pullets, and number of rodents trapped. Cleaning and disinfecting houses between flocks was associated with a reduced risk. The prevalence of SE in mice from environmentally positive houses was nearly four times that of mice from environmentally negative houses.  相似文献   

Medullary trichomalacia in 6 German shepherd dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Tieghi C  Miller WH  Scott DW  Pasquinelli G 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(2):132-136

Medullary trichomalacia is the name proposed for a hair shaft abnormality that was recognized in 6 German shepherd dogs. Affected dogs had multifocal areas of broken hairs, especially on the dorsolateral trunk. Microscopic examination of hair shafts revealed focal areas of loss of architecture, swelling, and apparent softening of the medulla, followed by longitudinal (length-wise) splitting and breakage of the hair shaft. No cause could be found. Affected dogs were otherwise healthy, and apparent spontaneous recovery was the usual outcome. Relapses may occur.  相似文献   

Pet owners in San Francisco become 'pet guardians'     

Nolen RS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(5):561-562

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Waste management: milk-handling facilities     

Haskell SR  Powers EL  Occhipinti LP;AVMA Committee on Environmental Issues 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(1):50

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Bill would outlaw animal declawing in California     

Nolen RS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(9):1187

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Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for the detection of Mycobacterium genavense and Mycobacterium avium complex species in avian samples   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tell LA  Leutenegger CM  Larsen RS  Agnew DW  Keener L  Needham ML  Rideout BA 《Avian diseases》2003,47(4):1406-1415

Diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium genavense or species belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), is problematic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers rapid and sensitive detection of minute quantities of DNA, and conventional protocols have been used for evaluating avian specimens. The recent development of real-time PCR offers several advantages over conventional PCR. In attempts to improve diagnosing avian mycobacteriosis, a real-time TaqMan PCR assay was developed targeting the 65-kD heat shock protein gene of M. genavense and MAC spp. Nineteen reference isolates, 16 clinical isolates, and 32 avian tissue samples were used to evaluate the assay. When sufficient amplicons were produced, the species of mycobacteria was determined by standard sequencing of TaqMan PCR products and compared with results from commercial mycobacteriology laboratories and/or standard sequencing of conventional PCR products. The TaqMan PCR detected DNA from reference isolates of M. genavense, MAC spp., and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spp. Of the clinical isolates, the TaqMan PCR detected DNA from 10 of 12 Mycobacterium avium avium isolates and two of three Mycobacterium avium intracellulare isolates. For the tissue samples, the TaqMan PCR amplified DNA in six of nine samples that were identified by sequencing of conventional PCR products and/or by commercial mycobacteriology laboratories as being MAC spp. positive and three of four samples that were positive for M. genavense. There was some disagreement between speciation results from the TaqMan PCR and those from commercial mycobacteriology laboratories or conventional PCR or both. This disagreement was suspected to be because of relatively small numbers of base pairs in the TaqMan PCR products. The TaqMan PCR may provide a useful tool for evaluating clinical samples for DNA from mycobacteria species that most commonly infect birds; however, further refinement is needed in order to improve sensitivity and provide more accurate speciation.  相似文献   

Immunogenicity of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus proteins encapsulated in nanoparticle vaccines,following intranasal administration to mice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shephard MJ  Todd D  Adair BM  Po AL  Mackie DP  Scott EM 《Research in veterinary science》2003,74(2):187-190

Stimulation of long lasting, protective immunity to respiratory viruses is often difficult to achieve with conventional respiratory vaccines. Polymeric nanoparticles, incorporating viral proteins have been shown to offer sustained release of antigen, with consequent prolongued stimulation of the respiratory immune system. In this paper the efficacy of two nanoparticle vaccines (poly-lactide-co-glycolide, PLGA; polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), incorporating proteins of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPI-3) was investigated. As a preliminary to experiments in calves, it was considered essential to demonstrate immunogenicity of the experimental vaccine in mice. Mice immunised with PLGA nanoparticles, containing BPI-3 proteins, developed higher levels of virus-specific antibody than mice immunised with the PMMA vaccine or with soluble viral proteins alone. Immunoblotting using serum from the vaccinated mice, demonstrated strong reactions against the major BPI-3 proteins.  相似文献