Effectiveness of Phytosiderophore in Absorption and Translocation of 59Iron in Barley in the Presence of Plant-Borne,Synthetic, and Microbial Chelators     

Shah Alam  Shigeru Kamei  Shigenao Kawai 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1709-1722

The mechanisms of iron (Fe) absorption and translocation in plants have received much study because they are the key processes in the supply of Fe to plants. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of phytosiderophore (PS) in the absorption and translocation of ⁵⁹Fe in Fe-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Minorimugi’) plants in the presence of plant-borne, synthetic, or microbial chelators. Plants grown under Fe-deficient conditions in a phytotron at pH 5.5 for 7–18 d were fed with Fe³⁺ (10 μ M labeled with ⁵⁹Fe) in the presence of 10 μ M of different chelators with or without 10 μ M PS for 4 h starting at 2 p.m. (6 h after the onset of light period). The absorption and translocation of ⁵⁹Fe in plants treated with PS and Fe^{3 +} were increased relative to plants fed solely with Fe^{3 +} (control). There was no effect found on absorption and translocation of ⁵⁹Fe in plants treated with EDTA or p-coumarate relative to the control, but a differential increase was observed in ⁵⁹Fe absorption and translocation in plants treated with EDTA or p-coumarate in the presence of PS. In comparison with the control, a decrease in ⁵⁹Fe absorption and translocation was observed in plants treated with HEDTA or EDDHA or FOB, but this decrease was avoided in plants treated with HEDTA or EDDHA or FOB in the presence of PS. The enhancement of ⁵⁹Fe absorption and translocation in plants treated with citrate, and the highest ⁵⁹Fe absorption and translocation in plants treated with citrate and PS, indicated that citrate had an additive effect on Fe absorption and translocation in plants. Our results showed that PS effectively played a role in Fe absorption and translocation in plants in the presence of other chelators. Plants treated with any chelators had lower extracellular ⁵⁹Fe in the roots compared with the control.  相似文献   

Use of optical spectrograpiuc 15N-analyses to trace nitrogen applied at tile heading stage of rice     

Shah Muhammad  Kikuo Kumazawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):143-146

In the recent decades experimental work has led to the accumulation of vast quantities of valuable data on mineral nutrition of plants through the use of isotopic tracers. However, only limited research has been done with nitrogen presumably because of the high costs of instrumentation and isotopes. A few Investlgatlons on the distribution and accumulation of nitrogen have been reported using mass spectrographic method. For example, Ozaki et al. (1) observed a larger distribution of ammonical nitrogen administered before heading, Into ears, culms, and boot leaves in contrast with other plant parts. They further noted that 35% of the nitrogen applied after heading was found in the ears (2).  相似文献   

The uptake,distribution, and accumulation of 15N-labelled ammonium and nitrate nitrogen top-dressed at different growth stages of rice     

Shah Muhammad  Ung Ju Kim  Kikuo Kumazawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):279-286

A pot experiment with soil culture was carried out to trace ¹⁵N-labelled nitrogen top-dressed at different growth stages of rice. The study involves the use of a modified vacuum system for determining total nitrogen by gu volumetric measurement, and the N₂ gas sampled in the discharge tube was analysed for nitrogen-15 by the optical spectrographic technique.

The plants took up more nitrogen from (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ than from Na¹⁵NO₃, irrespective of the stage of dressing, and the uptake of both forms was much higher when the planta were top-dressed at the young panicle formation stage as compared with the later dressings. At full maturity the plants had the highest accumulation of labelled nitrogen from both ammonium and nitrate sources when they are top-dressed at the young panicle formation stage. More than 80% ot the labelled nitrogen taken up by the plants waa distributed in the brown rice and this trend was more remarkable when top-dressing was carried out at the milk stage. The distribution patterns of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were similar in brown rice but differed in leaves and stem.

Nitrogen transported from other parts to the panicle was utilized for the formation ot the husk until the booting stage, and then for brown rice development. With the completeness of husk formation, at the milk stage, nitrogen transported to the grain might have been utilized for brown rice development more rapidly. In the brown rice, nitrogen from ammonium was translocated maximally to the inner part of the endosperm from dressing at the booting stage, and to the embryo from that at the milk stage, whereas that from nitrate was translocated maximally to the embryo from the dressings at both stages.  相似文献   

Potato apical leaf curl disease: current status and perspectives on a disease caused by tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus     

Kumar  Ravinder  Tiwari  Rahul Kumar  Jeevalatha  Arjunan  Siddappa  Sundaresha  Shah  Mohd. Abas  Sharma  Sanjeev  Sagar  Vinay  Kumar  Manoj  Chakrabarti  Swarup Kumar 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(4):897-911

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Potato apical leaf curl disease (PALCD) caused by a unique bipartite virus [tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV)] has emerged as a global threat....  相似文献   

Stability of fatty acids and leaf protein concentrate of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum)     

Mohammad Nazir  Farrukh H. Shah 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(4):283-288

Freeze-dried leaf protein concentrate (LPC) contained 18% lipids in which linolenic acid (61.5%) was the major component. Linolenic acid in LPC was almost stable when stored at ambient temperature (30 to 35°C) and exposed to air for 24 weeks. Heating of LPC (50 to 200°C) in presence of moisture (6 to 12%) progressively increased the rate of destruction of linolenic acid. Below 100°C the presence of lipids did not affect the protein quality but at higher temperatures due to the lipid oxidation protein quality as estimated by dye-binding capacity was considerably affected.  相似文献   

Ascorbic Acid Enhances Growth and Yield of Sweet Peppers (Capsicum annum) by Mitigating Salinity Stress     

El-Beltagi  Hossam S.  Ahmad  Imran  Basit  Abdul  Shehata  Wael F.  Hassan  Umair  Shah  Syed Tanveer  Haleema  Bibi  Jalal  Abdullah  Amin  Roohul  Khalid  Muhammad Areeb  Noor  Fahad  Mohamed  Heba I. 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2022,74(2):423-433

Salinity is a crucial problem which has affected crop productivity globally. Ascorbic acid is considered helpful against abiotic stresses due to its powerful antioxidant potential. In the pot experiment, salinity stress (0, 35, 70, and 105?mM) was applied to sweet peppers in split doses after 20 days of transplantation. To mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, ascorbic acid (0, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.20?mM) was applied as foliar spray after a 6-day interval during vegetative growth. Sweet pepper plants sprayed with distilled water (control) recorded maximum plant height (cm), leaf area (cm²), number of branches, stem diameter (mm), number of fruit plant^?1, fruit diameter (cm), yield plant^?1 (g), and chlorophyll content (mg 100?g^?1), while the maximum polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity (unit mg protein^?1 min^?1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (unit mg protein^?1 min^?1) were recorded in plants treated with 70?mM NaCl application. Salinity stress beyond 70?mM significantly reduced all the studied parameters. An ascorbic acid concentration of 1.20?mM significantly mitigated the negative effects of salt stress and recorded maximum plant height (cm), number of leaves plant^?1, leaf area (cm²), number of branches plant^?1, stem diameter (mm), number of fruit plant^?1, fruit diameter (cm), yield plant^?1 (g), chlorophyll content (mg 100?g^?1), PPO activity (unit mg protein^?1 min^?1), and APX activity (unit mg protein^?1 min^?1). Hence, a 1.20?mM concentration of foliar ascorbic acid could be used in saline conditions up to 70?mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) for better growth, productivity, and enzymatic activity of sweet peppers.

  相似文献   

Groundwater governance through electricity supply management: Assessing an innovative intervention in Gujarat, western India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tushaar Shah  Sonal Bhatt  Jayesh Talati 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(11):1233-1242

Gujarat, a rapidly industrializing state in western India, is notorious for groundwater over-exploitation. A perverse link between energy subsidies and groundwater overdraft has left the state with a bankrupt electricity utility and depleted aquifers, especially since the late 1980s. Moreover, this perverse relationship has meant that groundwater irrigators have essentially held Gujarat's non-farm rural economy to ransom. Efforts to regulate groundwater overdraft since the early 1970s have been unsuccessful, as have attempts to charge a rational electricity tariff to groundwater irrigators. During 2003-2006, drawing upon a proposal outlined by researchers, the government launched the Jyotigram (lighted village) scheme, which invested US$ 290 million to separate agricultural electricity feeders from non-agricultural ones, and established a tight regimen for farm power rationing in the countryside. By 2006, Gujarat covered almost all of its 18,000 villages under the Jyotigram scheme of rationalized power supply. With this, two major changes have occurred: (a) villages receive 24 h three-phase power supply for domestic uses, in schools, hospitals, village industries, all subject to metered tariff; (b) tubewell owners receive 8 h/day of power of full voltage and on a pre-announced schedule. The Jyotigram scheme has radically improved the quality of village life, spurred non-farm economic enterprises, halved the power subsidy to agriculture, and reduced groundwater overdraft. It has also produced positive and negative impacts on medium and large farmers, while notably harming marginal farmers and the landless, who depend for their access to irrigation on water markets which have become much smaller, post-Jyotigram. In addition, the water prices charged by tubewell owners have increased by 30-50%. We propose that the Jyotigram scheme, with some refinements, can be implemented successfully in other regions of South Asia facing similar challenges of groundwater governance.  相似文献   

Optimizing nursery diets for post-metamorphic stage black sea bass: Growth performance,body composition,and feed utilization on open-formulated and commercial starter diets     

Md Shah Alam  Wade O. Watanabe  Patrick M. Carroll  Jennifer E. Gabel 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2023,54(1):113-130

The objective of this study was to optimize nursery diets for post-metamorphic stage black sea bass by evaluating growth performance, whole-body proximate and fatty acid composition, and utilization of University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW)-formulated and commercial diets under laboratory conditions. A feeding trial was conducted to compare two UNCW-formulated diets (D1 and D2) for black sea bass (54% crude protein = CP and 14% crude lipid = CL) and two premium, commercial marine finfish fry diets, Otohime (Reed Mariculture Inc., Campbell, CA, CP = 48% and CL = 14%, CD3) and Gemma Diamond (Skretting, Nutreco, Canada, CP = 57%, CL = 15%, CD4). The UNCW-formulated diet 1 (D1) contained high fish meal (FM, 40% of diet), whereas UNCW-formulated diet 2 (D2) replaced 50% FM protein by high-quality poultry by-product meal (PBM) protein. Post-metamorphic stage black sea bass (~0.60 g, d40ph) were stocked in each of sixteen 75-L tanks at a density of 1 fish per L (75 per tank), with four replicate aquaria per treatment. Fish were fed four times per day (0800, 1100, 1400, and 1600 h) to apparent satiation for 30 days. Final body weight (5.70–5.74), specific growth rate (7.40–7.45%/d), and percent body weight gain (834–848%) of fish fed the UNCW-formulated D1 (FM-based) and D2 (FM + PBM-based) were higher (p < .05) than in fish fed the commercial diets CD3 and CD4 (4.66–5.21 g, 6.80–7.15%/d, and 668–756%, respectively). Feed intake (% body weight/d was significantly lower for fish fed commercial diet (CD4) (3.94) compared with fish fed CD3 (4.20), but feed intake for CD3 was not significantly different compared with the UNCW-formulated diets D1 and D2 (4.10–4.12). Feed conversion ratios (0.76–0.82) were significantly higher for fish fed CD3 (0.82) than for fish fed D1 and CD4 (0.76). Survival was high (99–100%) in all diet treatments. Final whole-body crude protein content (15.2 to 15.9% wet basis), moisture (68.9–69.6%), and ash (4.31–4.77%) showed no significant differences; however, whole-body crude lipid was lower in fish fed CD3 (9.67%) than in fish fed the other diets (9.96–10.22%). Final whole-body fatty acid composition reflected the diet composition. Higher feed consumption and growth of fish fed the UNCW-formulated diets were attributed to a more optimal combination of marine (fish, squid, and krill meals), terrestrial plant (soybean meal) protein sources, and the addition of chemo-attractants, which provided both higher nutritional quality and palatability. The study suggests that the species-specific starter diets may improve growth performance and fingerling quality and may therefore lower production costs under intensive nursery conditions.  相似文献   

Comparisons of RFLP and PCR-based markers to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohammad Maroof Shah  Yang Yen  Kulvinder S. Gill  P. Stephen Baenziger 《Euphytica》2000,114(2):135-142

Previously chromosome 3A of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was reported to carry genes influencing yield, yield components, plant height, and anthesis date. The objective of current study was to survey various molecular marker systems for their ability to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars Cheyenne(CNN) and Wichita (WI), particularly for chromosome3A. Seventy-seven `sequence tagged site' (STS), 10simple sequence repeat (SSR), 40 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, and 52 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes for wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, were investigated. Three (3.9%) STS-PCR primer sets amplified polymorphic fragments for the two cultivars, of which one was polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Sixty percent of SSR markers detected polymorphism between CNN and WI of which 50% were polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Twenty percent of RAPD markers detected polymorphism between CNN and WI in general, but none of these detected polymorphism for chromosome 3A. Of the fifty-two RFLP probes, 78.8% detected polymorphism between CNN and WI for group 3 chromosomes with one or more of seven restriction enzymes and 42% of the polymorphic fragements were for chromosome 3A. These high levels of RFLP and SSR polymorphisms between two related wheat cultivars could be used to map and tag genes influencing important agronomic traits. It may also be important to reconsider RFLP as the most suitable marker system at least for anchor maps of closely related wheat cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine and urea in sheep during summer and winter     

M Nawaz  B H Shah 《Research in veterinary science》1984,36(2):220-224

Simultaneous measurement of the renal clearance of endogenous creatinine and exogenous inulin in eight sheep showed similar mean +/- SD (n = 32) values of 13.8 +/- 1.3 and 13.2 +/- 2.0 ml min-1 (10 kg)-1 bodyweight respectively. These results demonstrate that the renal clearance of endogenous creatinine is a satisfactory measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in sheep. The plasma concentrations of endogenous creatinine and urea were significantly higher because of haemoconcentration during summer, resulting in lower GFR than in winter. Besides glomerular filtration and back diffusion, the renal handling of urea in sheep seems to involve mechanisms analogous to active tubular secretion.  相似文献