THE HEALING OF SEGMENTAL BONE DEFECTS, INDUCED BY RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN (rhBMP-2): A RADIOGRAPHIC, HISTOLOGICAL, AND BIOMECHANICAL STUDY IN RATS     

AW Yasko  JM Lane  EJ Fellinger  V. Rosen  JM Wozney  EA Wang 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):10-10

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Incidence of Unilateral Fertilizations after Low Dose Deep Intrauterine Insemination in Spontaneously Ovulating Sows under Field Conditions     

EA Martinez  JM Vazquez  I Parrilla  C Cuello  MA Gil  H Rodriguez-Martinez  J Roca  JL Vazquez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(1):41-47

A new procedure for non-surgical deep intrauterine insemination (DUI) in unrestrained sows hormonally induced to ovulate, has been reported. In comparison with standard artificial insemination (AI), with this procedure, the sperm numbers inseminated can be reduced 20-fold without reducing the reproductive performance of these hormonally treated sows. The present study evaluated, using two experiments, the reproductive performance applying 20-fold different sperm numbers per AI dose using DUI or standard AI in spontaneously ovulating sows, under field conditions. In experiment 1, AI was applied to crossbred sows at 12, 24 and 36 h after onset of spontaneous oestrus using one of the following two regimes: (i) DUI (treatment) with 0.15 x 10(9) fresh boar spermatozoa in 5 ml of Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) extender (n = 95), and (ii) standard cervical AI (control) with 2.85 x 10(9) fresh spermatozoa in 95 ml of BTS extender (n = 95). The farrowing rates of the two groups of sows were statistically similar (NS). However, a decrease (p < 0.002) in litter size and the total number of pigs born alive was observed in sows inseminated with the DUI procedure. In experiment 2, 42 post-weaned oestrus sows were inseminated following the same design described for experiment 1 during spontaneous oestrus. On day 6 after onset of oestrus, the proximal segment of the uterine horns of the sows were flushed under surgery to retrieve eventual embryos and evaluate the success of fertilization per cornua (e.g. occurrence of effective uni- vs bilateral sperm transport rendering uni- or bilateral, complete or partial fertilization). Retrieved embryos were assessed for cleavage and number of accessory spermatozoa. Although identical overall pregnancy rates were achieved in both insemination groups, the percentage of sows with partial bilateral fertilization and unilateral fertilization was markedly higher (p < 0.05) in the DUI group (35%) compared with the control (standard AI) group (5%), with a consequent lower (p < 0.001) percentage of viable early embryos after DUI. The number of accessory spermatozoa in the zona pellucida of the embryos was highly variable, but higher (p < 0.001) in control animals than in DUI-AI. No accessory spermatozoa were found in oocytes retrieved from sows depicting unilateral fertilization. In conclusion, DUI in spontaneously ovulating sows with 0.15 x 10(9) spermatozoa renders similar farrowing rates but a lower litter size compared with use of standard AI with a 20-fold higher sperm dose. The lower litter size ought to be related to a decreased distribution of spermatozoa after DUI leading to a higher incidence of partial bilateral and unilateral fertilization.  相似文献   

Redescription of Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) and E. rugosum (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea), parasites of fish in the Holarctic Region     

Kuchta R  Hanzelová V  Shinn AP  Poddubnaya LG  Scholz T 《Folia parasitologica》2005,52(3):251-260

Two fish cestodes, the little-known Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) and E. rugosum (Batsch, 1786), the type species of the genus Eubothrium Nybelin, 1922, are redescribed on the basis of new material from twaite shad, Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803), from England and burbot, Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758), from Russia, respectively. The tapeworms are compared with two other species of the genus, E. crassum (Bloch, 1779) and E. salvelini (Schrank, 1790), common parasites of salmonid fish in the Holarctic. The most notable differential characters are the size and the shape of the scolex (smaller and oval in E. fragile), the shape of the apical disc (four or more indentations in E. crassum), the number and size of the testes (the largest and least numerous in E. rugosum), and the position and size of the vitelline follicles (almost entirely cortical in distribution in E. fragile and E. crassum versus largely medullary in E. rugosum and E. salvelini). A comparison of species has also shown the morphological similarity of the freshwater species (E. rugosum and E. salvelini) on one hand and those of marine origin, E. fragile and E. crassum, on the other, with the latter species occurring also in fresh waters. A key to the identification of the species studied is also provided.  相似文献   

The use of morphometric characters to discriminate specimens of laboratory-reared and wild populations of Gyrodactylus salaris and G. thymalli (Monogenea)     

Shinn AP  Hansen H  Olstad K  Bachmann L  Bakke TA 《Folia parasitologica》2004,51(2-3):239-252

Gyrodactylus thymalli Zitnan, 1960 and G. salaris Malmberg, 1957 have an indistinguishable ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequence, but exhibit surprisingly high levels of intra- and interspecific sequence variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO1) gene. To test whether different populations of these reportedly very similar species could be discriminated using morphometric methods, we examined the morphometry of four different populations representing different mitochondrial clades. Twenty five point-to-point measurements, including five new characters of the attachment hooks, were recorded from three Norwegian laboratory populations (G. salaris from the Rivers Lierelva and Rauma, and G. thymalli from the River Rena), and from one wild population of G. thymalli from the River Test, UK. The Norwegian populations were kept under identical environmental conditions to control for the influence of temperature on the haptoral attachment hooks. Data were subsequently subjected to univariate and linear stepwise discriminant analyses. The model generated by the linear stepwise discriminant analysis used 18 of the 25 original variables, the first two roots accounting for 96.6% of the total variation between specimens. The hamulus shaft length accounts for 66.7% of the overall correct classification efficiency. Based on morphometry, all specimens were assigned to the correct species. Apart from three specimens of G. salaris from the River Lierelva population which were misclassified as belonging to the G. salaris Rauma population, all specimens were assigned to the correct population. Thus, populations of Gyrodactylus identified by mtDNA can also be discriminated using morphometric landmark distances.  相似文献   

Systemic Immunosuppression by Methylprednisolone and Pregnancy Rates in Goats Undergoing the Transfer of Cloned Embryos     

C Feltrin  CA Cooper  N Mohamad‐Fauzi  VHV Rodrigues  LH Aguiar  S Gaudencio‐Neto  LT Martins  CEM Calderón  AS Morais  IS Carneiro  TM Almeida  ING Silva  JL Rodrigues  EA Maga  JD Murray  AB Libório  LR Bertolini  M Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):648-656

The presence of the zona pellucida has been perceived as a requirement for the oviductal transfer of cloned embryos at early stages of development while protecting the embryo from an immune system response. We hypothesized that steroid hormone therapy could reduce a potential cellular immune response after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviduct of recipient female goats. In Experiment 1, seven does were used to study the systemic immunosuppressant effect of the methylprednisolone administration (for 3 days) on blood cell counts. Whole blood was collected prior to treatment with methyprednisolone and then on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the first dose of methylprednisolone for the analysis of haematological parameters. Methylprednisolone treatment significantly reduced circulating white blood cells and neutrophils in comparison with pre‐treatment levels, demonstrating a systemic immunosuppressant effect. In Experiment 2, a group of 58 does were used as recipient females to study the effect of administration of methylprednisolone for 3 days on the establishment of pregnancies after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviducts. No effects on pregnancy rates on Day 30 were observed regarding the distinct treatment groups (control vs. methylprednisolone), the source of oocytes (in vivo‐ vs in vitro‐matured) or the presence or absence of the zona pellucida in embryos. In summary, methylprednisolone was effective at inducing a systemic immunosuppressed state in goats, but the treatment prior to embryo transfer did not affect pregnancy rates. Moreover, pregnancy rates were similar between zona‐free and zona‐intact goat cloned embryos.  相似文献   

Use of Cholesterol‐Loaded Cyclodextrin in Donkey Semen Cryopreservation Improves Sperm Viability but Results in Low Fertility in Mares     

RR Oliveira  DM Rates  G Pugliesi  PG Ker  RP Arruda  EA Moraes  GR Carvalho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):845-850

The use of cholesterol‐loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) on semen cryopreservation has been related with better sperm viability in several species; however, the effect on fertility is not known in donkey semen. Ejaculates (n = 25) from five donkeys were diluted in S‐MEDIUM with 0, 1, 2 or 3 mg of CLC/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa. Semen was frozen, and thawed samples were evaluated by computer‐assisted sperm analyser system (CASA), supravital test, hyposmotic swelling test and fluorescent dyes to assess the integrity of sperm membranes. Mares (n = 60) were inseminated with frozen‐thawed semen treated with the doses of 0 or 1 mg CLC. Percentages of sperm with progressive motility and with functional plasma membrane were greater (p < 0.05) in the CLC‐treated groups than in the control. Percentages of intact plasma membrane and intact plasma membrane and acrosome detected by fluorescent dyes were also greater (p < 0.05) in CLC‐treated groups. Although no difference (p > 0.05) in conception rates was detected between groups (control, 3/30, 10%; CLC‐treated, 1/30, 3.3%), fertility was low for artificial insemination programs in mares. Therefore, we firstly demonstrated that frozen semen treated with CLC in S‐MEDIA extender before freezing improves the in vitro sperm viability, but semen treated or not with CLC in S‐MEDIUM extender results in a very low conception rate in mares inseminated with thawed donkey semen.  相似文献   

Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Alonso JM  Stepanova AN  Leisse TJ  Kim CJ  Chen H  Shinn P  Stevenson DK  Zimmerman J  Barajas P  Cheuk R  Gadrinab C  Heller C  Jeske A  Koesema E  Meyers CC  Parker H  Prednis L  Ansari Y  Choy N  Deen H  Geralt M  Hazari N  Hom E  Karnes M  Mulholland C  Ndubaku R  Schmidt I  Guzman P  Aguilar-Henonin L  Schmid M  Weigel D  Carter DE  Marchand T  Risseeuw E  Brogden D  Zeko A  Crosby WL  Berry CC  Ecker JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):653-657

Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene.  相似文献   

Changes in the neuromodulators of the diffuse endocrine system of the alimentary canal of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), naturally infected with Eubothrium crassum (Cestoda)     

Bosi G  Shinn AP  Giari L  Simoni E  Pironi F  Dezfuli BS 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(12):703-711

A histopathological and immunohistochemical study on the intestines of 45 specimens of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from Loch Awe, Scotland, revealed a number of cellular deviations in individuals naturally infected with the pseudophyllidean cestode Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779). Twenty-five individuals (55.5%) were infected with an average worm burden of 18.84 +/- 4.06 (mean +/- SE) cestodes per host (range, 2-80 worms; total 471 worms). The cestodes, measuring an average 8.23 +/- 1.10 cm (mean +/- SE; range, 5.3-13.0 cm) in length, were found attached by their scolices to the mucosal lining of the distal portion of the pyloric caeca. Within the caeca, the strobila evoked a mild catarrhal enteritis, namely an enhanced mucus production with epithelial cellular desquamation, a leucocytic infiltration of the lamina propria-submucosa and vacuolization of the intestinal epithelial cells. Eosinophilic granular cells of the stratum granulosum exhibited granular depletion, while within the catarrh, the presence of a high number of rodlet cells was noticed. Immunohistochemically, the occurrence of E. crassum caused a significant reduction in the number of bombesin-, gastrin-releasing peptide and glucagon-like immunoreactive endocrine cells, but an increase in the relative densities of endocrine cells containing cholecystokinin-8- and gastrin-like substances. There were, however, no significant differences in the number of endocrine cells that were immunoreactive to secretin, neuropeptide Y and peptide histidine-isoleucine antisera in the digestive tracts of either the infected or non-infected O. mykiss.  相似文献   

Morphometric discrimination of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg (Monogenea) from species of Gyrodactylus parasitising British salmonids using novel parameters     

A P Shinn  D I Gibson  & C Sommerville 《Journal of fish diseases》2001,24(2):83-97

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Bacillary necrosis in farmed Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam     

H W Ferguson  J F Turnbull  A Shinn  K Thompson  T T Dung  & M Crumlish 《Journal of fish diseases》2001,24(9):509-513

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