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71.
A study of the actinosporean fauna of oligochaetes from a freshwater salmon farm in Northern Scotland was carried out from October 1996 to August 1998. Following the examination of 28,387 oligochaete worms belonging to the families Tubificidae, Lumbriculidae, Naididae and Enchytraeidae, five types of echinactinomyxon (four previously described), six types of raabeia (five previously described), three types of synactinomyxon (all previously described), four types of aurantiactinomyxon (three previously undescribed), one type of triactinomyxon (previously described), one type of neoactinomyxum (previously undescribed) and one type of siedleckiella (previously undescribed) were identified. The triactinomyxon type was released from unidentified immature oligochaetes. Of the twenty-one types of actinosporeans found, thirteen types were released from Tubifex tubifex (Müller), three types were released from Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller), three types from both L variegatus and T. tubifex and two types from immature oligochaetes. 相似文献
72.
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that can improve insulin sensitivity. Its functions in regulating glucose utilization and fatty acid metabolism in mammals are mediated by two subtypes of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). This study was conducted to determine the effect of insulin on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors. We demonstrated that in the presence of 10 nM insulin, addition of 1 μM of insulin or rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist) had no effect on the expression of adiponectin and AdipoR genes in differentiated porcine adipocytes. However, the addition of 1 μM insulin plus 1 μM rosiglitazone significantly increased the AdipoR2 mRNA in differentiated porcine adipocytes. Using the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3K inhibitor, LY 294002), we found that insulin inhibited the expression of AdipoR2 through the PI3K pathway and this inhibition was blocked by addition of rosiglitazone. When porcine adipocytes were cultured without insulin, supplementation with 10 nM insulin inhibited the expression of AdipoR2 and this inhibition effect was also blocked by addition of rosiglitazone. Therefore, these data suggest that a PPARγ agonist increases expression of AdipoR2 and that insulin inhibits the expression of AdipoR2 through the PI3K pathway. 相似文献
73.
JM Vazquez EA Martinez J Roca C Matas O Blanco 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(3-4):267-270
74.
The Recipients' Parity Does Not Influence Their Reproductive Performance Following Non‐Surgical Deep Uterine Porcine Embryo Transfer
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EA Martinez A Nohalez CA Martinez I Parrilla J Vila I Colina M Diaz J Reixach JL Vazquez J Roca C Cuello MA Gil 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):123-129
With the development of the non‐surgical deep uterine (NsDU) embryo transfer (ET) technology, the commercial applicability of ET in pigs is now possible. There are, nevertheless, many factors that influence NsDU‐ET effectiveness that need to be addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the weaned recipients' parity on fertility and prolificacy following NsDU‐ET. The recipients (n = 120) were selected based on their reproductive history and body condition and grouped into three categories according to their parity: primiparous sows, sows of parity 2 and sows of parities from 3 to 5. Thirty fresh embryos (morulae and unhatched blastocysts) were non‐surgically transferred into one uterine horn of each recipient. It was possible to insert the NsDU‐ET catheter through the cervix along a uterine horn in 98.3% of the recipients. The parity had no influence on the difficulty grade of the insertions or on the percentage of correct insertions. The cervix and uterine wall were not perforated during the insertions, and vaginal discharge was not observed after transfer in any of the recipients. There were no differences in the pregnancy rates (74.8%), farrowing rates (71.2%) or litter sizes (9.6 ± 3.3) between groups. Also, there were no differences between groups regarding to the piglets' birthweights or piglet production efficiency. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that weaned sows from parity 1 to 5 are appropriate to be used as recipients in NsDU‐ET programs, which increase the possibilities for the utilization of ET in the recipient farms. 相似文献
75.
L Anel‐López O García‐Álvarez I Parrilla D Del Olmo MR Fernández‐Santos AJ Soler A Maroto‐Morales JA Ortiz DV Alkmin T Tarantini J Roca EA Martínez JM Vazquez JJ Garde 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(3):407-414
The aims of this study were to assess the effects of the sex‐sorting process on post‐thaw sperm quality as well as on induced oxidative stress damage (H2O2 0 mm = H000; H2O2 50 mm = H050; H2O2 100 mm = H100) and the protective action of reduced glutathione (GSH) and Trolox, when comparing sorted (BSS) and non‐sorted (NS) red deer spermatozoa incubated at 37°C. Sperm samples from three stags were collected by electroejaculation and frozen. Immediately after thawing, sperm motility was higher (p < 0.05) for NS (59% ± 3.3) than BSS (36.9% ± 5.8) sperm. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic sperm was higher (p < 0.05) for BSS (21.6% ± 5.0) than NS sperm (14.6% ± 1.2). The presence of H2O2 increased DNA damage in NS (H000 = 4.1% ± 0.9; H050 = 9.3% ± 0.7; and H100 = 10.9% ± 2.3), but not in BSS sperm. However, in the presence of oxidant, GSH addition improved (p < 0.05) sperm motility in both groups of sperm samples as compared to their controls (NS: 44.5 ± 4.8 vs 21.1 ± 3.9 and BSS: 33.3 ± 8.1 vs 8.9 ± 1.8). These results demonstrate that the sperm‐sorting process induces sublethal effects, albeit selecting a sperm population with a chromatin more resistant to oxidative stress than that in non‐sorted sperm. Moreover, addition of GSH at 1 mm may be a good choice for maintaining the quality of stressed sperm samples, unlike Trolox, which inhibited sperm motility. 相似文献
76.
Osteopetrosis is a rare disorder characterised by a defect in osteoclastic bone resorption. This report describes osteopetrosis in a neonatal donkey that suffered a displaced tibial fracture. Radiographic examination identified generalised reduction in medullary cavity size, thickened mid‐diaphyseal cortices and conical metaphyseal bone extending toward the mid‐diaphysis of long bones. Postmortem examination identified additional fractures and brittle bones. Histologically, osteoclasts were absent in multiple bone sections. Diaphyseal cortices consisted of concentric bone lamellae with marrow tissue infiltration. Large wedges of secondary spongiosa extended from the metaphyseal growth plate. Clinical and histopathological features were similar to an osteoclast‐deficient, autosomal recessive form of osteopetrosis in humans. 相似文献
77.
B S Dezfuli A Lui F Pironi M Manera A P Shinn M Lorenzoni 《Journal of fish diseases》2013,36(6):577-585
Histopathological and ultrastructural investigations were conducted on 36 tench, Tinca tinca (L.), from Lake Trasimeno (Italy). The gills, intestine, liver, spleen, kidney and heart of 21 individuals were found to harbour an extensive infection of larvae of an unidentified digenean trematode. The eyes, gonads, swim bladder and muscles were uninfected. The parasites in each tissue type were embedded in a granulomatous proliferation of tissue, forming a reactive fibroconnective capsule around each larva. Most of the encysted larvae were metacercariae, in a degenerative state, but on occasion some cercariae were found. Many of the granulomas were either necrotic or had a calcified core. Within the granuloma of each, the occurrence of granulocytes, macrophages, rodlet cells and pigment‐bearing macrophage aggregates was observed. Hearts bore the highest parasitic infection. Whilst the presence of metacercariae within the intestine was found positioned between the submucosa and muscle layers, metacercariae in the liver were commonly found encysted on its surface where the hepatocytes in close contact with the granuloma were observed to have electron‐lucent vesicles within their cytoplasm. Metacercariae encysting adjacent to the cartilaginous rods of gill filaments were seen to elicit a proliferation of the cartilage from the perichondrium. Rodlet cells, neutrophils and mast cells were frequently observed in close proximity to, and within, infected gill capillaries. Given the degenerated state of most granulomas, a morphology‐based identification of the enclosed digeneans was not possible. 相似文献
78.
Improvement in lipid metabolism and stress tolerance of juvenile giant grouper,Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), fed supplemental choline
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Shinn‐Ping Yeh Pei‐Jan Shiu Wang‐Chen Guei Yu‐Hung Lin Chun‐Hung Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(8):1810-1821
Six fish meal basal diets supplied with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 g kg?1 of choline chloride, resulting in choline levels of 2.57, 2.67, 2.94, 3.84, 4.99 and 7.71 g kg?1, respectively, were fed to giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus, for 56 and 30 days to evaluate the growth and lipid metabolism, and stress tolerance respectively. In the first trial, fish fed different levels of choline‐containing diets for 56 days had no significant difference in weight gain, survival and feeding efficiency. Fish fed increased levels of dietary choline, however, tended to have decreases in the hepatic somatic index; lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol in liver; and triglycerides and cholesterol in serum. A decrease of lipid content in dorsal muscle was recorded in fish fed the diets containing choline >2.94 g kg?1. Additionally, dietary choline improved the reactions of fish to ammonia stress, including survival and behavioural responses, in fish fed diets containing choline levels >2.94 g kg?1. These findings indicate that choline plays important roles in lipid metabolism and stress tolerance in giant grouper. 相似文献
79.
Mating‐induced endometritis (MIE) is ubiquitous in the horse after natural mating and artificial insemination with frozen/thawed semen causing the most aggressive response. The majority of mares eliminate MIE 24–48 h after insemination. An endometrial explant culture was tested as a potential in vitro exemplar for sperm‐induced MIE. Endometrial prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) secretion and expression of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were used as markers of inflammation. Endometrial explants were cultured from uteri collected from follicular phase mares. Explants were challenged with 1 or 10 × 106 sperm/ml frozen/thawed semen, chilled semen, washed sperm or seminal plasma. Medium was collected 24 and 72 h after challenge and assayed for PGF2α by radioimmunoassay. Treatment of endometrial explants with frozen/thawed, chilled semen or washed sperm did not change the secretion of PGF2α compared with untreated controls. However, 24 h after challenge cultured explants expressed IL‐8. The in vitro endometrial explant system did not represent the in vivo response to semen when PGF2α was used as a marker of inflammation, yet the use of gene expression as an inflammatory marker warrants further investigation. 相似文献
80.
Chin‐Yen Tsai Kuang‐Teng Wang Yu‐Sheng Wu Shinn‐Ping Yeh Tsung‐Meng Wu 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2240-2250
Bacillus subtilis E20, an isolate from natto – a Japanese fermented soy product – is used in a wide variety of marine and freshwater aquatic species to enhance growth and immunity. This paper describes the cloning, expression and characterization of xylanase isolated from B. subtilis E20 in B. subtilis RIK1285. The BsXynE20 gene was identified to encode a 213‐amino‐acid protein for a glycoside hydrolase family 11 xylanase containing a 28‐residue signal peptide whose cleavage yields a 185‐residue mature protein with a predicted molecular weight of 20.25 kDa. The full length of the BsXynE20 gene was subcloned into the pBE‐S expression vector for secretory production of recombinant BsXynE20 in B. subtilis RIK1285. Western blot and zymogram analysis, respectively, revealed that recombinant BsXynE20 can be secreted into culture medium and is a functional xylanase. The xylanase exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0–6.0 and 60°C. Using recombinant BsXynE20‐pretreated duckweed meal for feed preparation improved the growth performance of tilapia. Finally, we achieved secretive expression of functional BsXynE20, which can improve the nutrient utilization of a plant‐derived diet. Thus, the use of BsXynE20 may be beneficial for tilapia aquaculture. 相似文献