Cervicothoracic vertebrat subluxation causing ataxia in sheep     

BD HILL  ND O'DEMPSEY  CH CARLISLE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(4):156-157

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Co-migrating and shared antigens of selectedPasteurella haemolytica untypable strains     

K. R. Simons  R. J. Morton  D. A. Mosier  R. W. Fulton  A. W. Confer 《Veterinary research communications》1992,16(3):177-183

Bacterial cell envelope preparations from eight untypable strains ofPasteurella haemolytica were compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with rabbit antisera prepared against the eight untypable strains (one untypable strain per rabbit) and with cattle antisera prepared againstP. haemolytica serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and against one heterologous untypable strain. Numerous comigrating and shared antigens were recognized by the eight rabbit antisera and theP. haemolytica serotype cattle antisera. Comigrating antigens at 43 and 30 kilodaltons (kDa) were recognized by all eight rabbit antisera. Shared antigens, detected by all eight rabbit antisera when reacting againstP. haemolytica serotype 1, were recognized at 43, 32, 30, 20 and 15 kDa.  相似文献   

Delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase: induction in embryonic chick liver by glucagon     

J A Simons 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(923):1378-1379

Glucagon elicits a twofold increase in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity in the livers of 18-day-old chick embryos. This rise occurs when RNA synthesis is inhibited, but is prevented when protein synthesis is blocked. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate appears not to be involved.  相似文献   

Increasing soy isoflavonoid content and diversity by simultaneous malting and challenging by a fungus to modulate estrogenicity     

Simons R  Vincken JP  Roidos N  Bovee TF  van Iersel M  Verbruggen MA  Gruppen H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6748-6758

Soybeans were germinated on a kilogram-scale, by the application of malting technology used in the brewing industry, and concomitantly challenged with Rhizopus microsporus var. oryzae. In a time-course experiment, samples were taken every 24 h for 10 days, and the isoflavonoid profile was analyzed by RP-UHPLC-MS. Upon induction with R. microsporus, the isoflavonoid composition changed drastically with the formation of phytoalexins belonging to the subclasses of the pterocarpans and coumestans and by prenylation of the various isoflavonoids. The pterocarpan content stabilized at 2.24 mg of daidzein equivalents (DE) per g after ～9 days. The levels of the less common glyceofuran, glyceollin IV, and V/VI ranged from 0.18 to 0.35 mg DE/g and were comparable to those of the more commonly reported glyceollins I, II, and III (0.22-0.32 mg DE/g) and glycinol (0.42 mg DE/g). The content of prenylated isoflavones after the induction process was 0.30 mg DE/g. The total isoflavonoid content increased by a factor of 10-12 on DW basis after 9 days, which was suggested to be ascribable to de novo synthesis. These changes were accompanied by a gradual increase in agonistic activity of the extracts toward both the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ during the 10-day induction, with a more pronounced activity toward ERβ. Thus, the induction process yielded a completely different spectrum of isoflavonoids, with a much higher bioactivity toward the estrogen receptors. This, together with the over 10-fold increase in potential bioactives, offers promising perspectives for producing more, novel, and higher potency nutraceuticals by malting under stressed conditions.  相似文献   

A gorilla-sized ape from the miocene of India     

Simons EL  Pilbeam D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,173(3991):23-27

A large ape existed in India at the close of the Miocene or the beginning of the Pliocene epochs; this ape shows a complex of anatomical structures at the opposite pole from its contemporary, Ramapithecus. Although found in the same beds, the two seldom occur at the same exact sites and levels. Considering the thickness of these beds, recovery close to Haritalyangar does not, of itself, prove sympatry of these two different kinds of Hominoidea. However, both are definitely present at one recently located site representing, most probably, a death assemblage. Observations by the authors on scores of chimpanzees suggest that, at least in this ape, wear gradients on molar crowns exist, but that the wear differential between adjacent molars is almost never raised to the degree seen in most Ramapithecus. Dryopithecus itdicus and D. fontani (from southern France), in contrast, show almost no wear gradient at all; that is, whether an individual is dentally young or old, wear on all three molars and the two premolars has proceeded to about the same degree. It is of considerable importance in understanding hominid phylogeny to be able to stress that an ape known to be contemporary with Ramapithecus shows far less differential wear than does the hominid. This, in turn, strongly suggests that the molar eruption sequence of D. indicus was rapid, while that of the hominid was delayed. The implication is that, as far back as the late Miocene, the hominid maturation period was lengthened, relative to that of apes. A further fact which emerges is that the rate of interstitial wear was faster in the Haritalyangar ape than in the hominid contemporary with it. This, together with its large size, flatness of unworn tooth crowns, and other associated characters, suggests that D. indicus is in, or close to, the ancestry of Gigantopithecus. From this emerges yet another object lesson, emphasizing the caution one has to observe in the manner and method by which ancient and modern apes are compared and contrasted. None of the species of Hominoidea dealt with here, whether pongid (D. indicus and Pan troglodytes) or hominid (R. punjabicus), accumulates either interstitial or crown wear at the same rate or in the same manner.  相似文献   

Clinical and pathological findings associated with congenital hypovitaminosis A in extensively grazed beef cattle   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

BD Hill  RG Holroyd  M Sullivan 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(3):94-98

Objective   To determine the cause of exceptionally high mortality (41.4%) in perinatal calves on a beef cattle property 50 km south-west of Julia Creek in north-western Queensland.
Design   Investigations were based on clinical assessment of affected calves and laboratory analysis of pre- and postmortem specimens taken from 12 calves aged from 6 to 36 h of age.
Methods   Associations between gross and histopathological findings and biochemical analyses conducted on serum and tissue samples were examined in relation to clinical observations.
Results   Clinical signs varied, but commonly included mild to severe ataxia, difficulty finding a teat and sucking, blindness (partial or complete, as judged by avoidance of obstacles) and depression with prominent drooping of the head. Gross and histopathological findings included herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum, squamous metaplasia of interlobular ducts in the parotid salivary glands and Wallerian degeneration of the optic nerves. Biochemical analysis of serum and liver samples available from four of the calves revealed low or undetectable levels of both vitamin A and vitamin E.
Conclusion   Although vitamin E is known to have a sparing effect on vitamin A, the role (if any) played by deficiency of this vitamin was uncertain. The combination of clinical signs, postmortem findings, histopathological features and biochemical findings indicate that gestational vitamin A deficiency was highly likely to have been an important contributor to perinatal calf mortalities in this herd.  相似文献   

Effect of Competition on Nitric Oxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Levels in Training Horses     

Gonzalo Maraon DVM  PhD  Brbara Muoz-Escassi DVM  PhD  William Manley DVM  PhD  Cruz García PharmD  PhD  Rosa Len DVM  Begoa Olbarri DVM  Patricia Cayado DVM  PhD  Cristina Domínguez DVM  Mercedes Snchez de la Muela DVM  PhD  Maria Suarez DVM  PhD  Elena Vara BD  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009,29(8):627-632

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exercise on nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and cyclic guanosyl monophosphate (cGMP) levels in jumping and dressage horses involved in competition. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 100 horses involved in jumping or dressage competition at three time points: baseline at rest, on reaching the schooling but before exercise, and over a jump or dressage course. Fourteen healthy horses not involved in competition were used as control group. Exercise increased plasma CO concentration in both jumping and dressage horses, and this effect was more apparent in dressage horses. Exercise also increased NO plasma concentration in jumping horses, whereas it did not significantly modify NO plasma concentration in dressage horses. After exercise, plasma cGMP concentration was higher in both groups. Our results show that different signaling pathways are initially activated by exercise and that this activation is specific to the different modes of exercise. This information can be used to optimize warm-up and cool-down procedures for sport horses or to optimize training programs for equine athletes.  相似文献   

Diagnostic indices of zinc deficiency in tropical legumes     

A. D. Johnson  J. G. Simons 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):123-149

The effect of 0.005 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.05 ppm and 0.10 ppm zinc on the growth and chemical composition of Desmodium uncinatum Jacq. cv. Silverleaf; Macroptilium lathyroides L.; Lablab purpureus; and Glycine max. L. cv. Wills were studied in solution culture in a controlled environment room.

Dry matter production of tops of all species was reduced at the lower zinc treatments while that of roots was unaffected by zinc supply.

Zinc concentrations of leaves from three plant positions did not provide a reliable index of zinc nutrition. The lowest zinc treatments often produced greater leaf concentrations of zinc than did higher zinc treatments. The cytoplasmic fractions of the leaf tissue contained the highest zinc concentrations. Cell walls, nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria contained extremely low concentrations, and the data were generally variable, reflecting the poor reproducibility of the techniques used.

Phosphorus concentrations in leaves were generally increased at the low zinc treatments, an effect not entirely attributable to the reduction in dry matter production. The proportion of inorganic phosphorus increased and that of organic phosphorus decreased at the lower zinc treatments. Lipoid and residual phosphorus fractions were not affected consistently by zinc treatments.

Leaves of plants receiving the lowest zinc treatment generally had significantly lower nitrogen concentrations than those receiving the higher zinc treatments.

In another experiment, in which Glycine wightii was substituted for G. max., RN‐ase activity increased as the zinc supply was reduced and this was accompanied by a decrease in protein concentration. The data show that RN‐ase activity could be a useful diagnostic index of incipient zinc deficiency.  相似文献   

Testing Biodegradable Seedling Containers as an Alternative for Polythene Tubes in Tropical Small-Scale Tree Nurseries     

Jonathan K. Muriuki  Anne W. Kuria  Catherine W. Muthuri  Athanase Mukuralinda  Anthony J. Simons  Ramni H. Jamnadass 《Small-Scale Forestry》2014,13(2):127-142

Polythene tubes are the most commonly used seedling containers and their adoption can be attributed to high water retention that enhances seedling establishment as well as the desire for low-cost readily-available containers by nursery operators. Polythene tubes have drawbacks, however, because they adversely affect seedling root growth and are an environmental hazard. This study was conducted in Meru, Eastern Kenya, to investigate whether small-scale tree nursery operators are likely to adopt biodegradable seedling containers (cellulose papers and banana sheaths). It was hypothesised that biodegradable containers are better for seedling growth and are more environmental friendly than the widely used polythene bags. The study assessed the frequency of watering and growth (height and basal diameter) of Calliandra calothyrsus seedlings produced in various biodegradable containers under three conditions with varying watering requirements, i.e. light tree shade, shade net and polythene chambers, the first being widely used by farmers. The performance of these seedlings was later monitored in the field. Seedlings produced in biodegradable containers required more frequent watering than those in polythene bags under light tree shade and shade nets but less frequent in polythene chambers. Seedlings produced in polythene tubes had higher growth rates in the nursery, but when transplanted to the field, they were overtaken by those grown in the biodegradable containers due to transplanting shock after the polythene containers were removed. Biodegradable seedling containers can therefore be adopted in areas where water is not very limiting, and evaporation rates could be reduced and water-use efficiency improved by raising seedlings in simple polythene structures.  相似文献   

Mineralisation of Weathered Crude Oil by a Hydrocarbonoclastic Consortia in Marine Mesocosms     

Krishna K. Kadali  Keryn L. Simons  Petra J. Sheppard  Andrew S. Ball 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):4283-4295

Marine waters are most vulnerable to crude oil pollution due to increased sea-based oil-related activities. Successful remediation of such polluted environments is normally carried out in a laboratory with suitable physical and environmental alterations. However, it is challenging to alter the physical and environmental conditions in crude oil-contaminated natural environments. In a previous study, six hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria were isolated from an oil-contaminated site. Here we report on their ability to mineralise weathered crude oil as a carbon source in seawater mesocosms, in order to construct a hydrocarbonoclastic consortia for the effective mineralisation of hydrocarbons present in the weathered crude oil at seawater-based environment. This was completed without altering the physical and environmental parameters (salinity, pH and temperature) and followed by the detection of microbial community changes. The total amount of oil mineralised by these six isolates individually over 28-day incubation ranged from 4.7 to 10?%. The bacterial consortia composed of these six strains showed a greater mineralisation rate (18.5?%). Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the functionally dominant species were present after the first week (week 2 to week 4) following the addition of the consortia, which were represented in dendrogram by cluster 2 and also these weeks representing a distinct point on the Pareto?CLorenz curve; no community could be identified in controls in which no consortia were added. This shows that the addition of consortia potentially dealt with changing environmental conditions and preserved its functionality followed by effective mineralisation of weathered crude oil.  相似文献