Chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cows (Bos taurus) in Egypt with and without signs of reproductive disease     

KM Osman  HA Ali  JA ElJakee  HM Galal 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):228-233

Abstract

AIMS: To obtain information and compare the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cows (Bos taurus) in Egypt with and without clinical signs of reproductive disease.

METHODS: Vaginal swabs and blood samples were collected from animals attending Governmental Veterinary Clinics without (buffalo n=39, cows n=20) and with (buffalo n=63, cows n=53) signs of reproductive disease. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to Chlamydiaceae using complement fixation testing (CFT). Vaginal swabs were tested for Chlamydiaceae following inoculation into Vero cells and 6-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, using modified Giménez and immunoperoxidase staining, PCR analyses targeting the omp2 gene, and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR) for species identification.

RESULTS: Antibodies to Chlamydiaceae were detected in 30/39 (77%) and 50/63 (79%) buffalo without and with signs of reproductive disease, respectively, and 10/20 (50%) and 39/53 (74%) of cows with and without signs of reproductive disease, respectively. Positive samples from PCR analysis were identified in 31/39 (79%) and 37/63 (59%) buffalo without and with signs of reproductive disease, respectively, and 12/20 (60%) and 46/53 (89%) of cows without and with signs of reproductive disease, respectively. Using RFLP-PCR, 57/68 (84%) of samples from buffalo, and 47/58 (81%) from cows, were identified as Chlamydophila psittaci and the reminder as Cp. abortus. From the CFT and PCR results there was no significant difference in the prevalence of positive samples between species, or between animals without or with signs of reproductive disease.

CONCLUSION: The presence of anti-Chlamydiaceae antibodies in 77% of the animals with signs of reproductive disease and the detection of Chlamydiaceae in 72% of vaginal swabs of the animals suggest a pathogenic role by Chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo and cows. The main Chlamydiaceae found in the genital tract of cattle in Egypt were Cp. psittaci and Cp. abortus.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chlamydophila spp. should be included in diagnostic algorithms for reproductive disorders, in order to assess the real burden of Chlamydophila associated disease in buffalo and cattle and to evaluate the potential value of vaccines.  相似文献   

Competitive exclusion of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 by Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A,serotype O:6,30 in tissue culture and in pigs     

HM Hussein  SG Fenwick  JS Lumsden 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):227-231

AIMS: To study the adhesion properties of a biotype 4, serotype O:3 (human pathogenic) strain of Yersinia enterocolitica and to determine if adhesion in vitro and colonisation in vivo can be prevented by competition with a biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 (non-pathogenic) strain. To study interaction between Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 and cultured epithelial cells using the synthetic tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD).

METHODS: The human intestinal epithelial (HEp-2) cell line was used for in vitro studies. Inocula of Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 radiolabelled using tritium were incubated with HEp-2 cells and RGD tripeptide, or with Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 sequentially or concurrently, then washed and lysed, and radioactivity measured to determine the effect of RGD on adhesion, and competitive exclusion of pathogenic by non-pathogenic bacteria. For in vivo studies, two groups of 5-week-old piglets (n=5/group) were sequentially inoculated orally with 5x10⁹ colony forming units (cfu) of either a non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica followed by a pathogenic biotype 4, serotype O:3 strain, or vice versa. Pigs were monitored for carriage of strains using bacterial culture and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTS: The RGD tripeptide significantly inhibited adherence of the pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain to cultured epithelial cells, suggesting that adhesion involved the RGD tripeptide sequence. The non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica prevented adhesion of the pathogenic strain to cells in vitro when allowed to adhere first. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was consistently isolated from rectal swabs from 80-100% of pigs on all sampling occasions but not from oral swabs after 14 days in pigs first inoculated with the non- pathogenic strain or at 26 days in pigs first inoculated with the pathogenic strain.

CONCLUSIONS: A non-pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica reduced adhesion of a human pathogenic strain in vitro but not in vivo.  相似文献   

In Vitro Maturation and Fertilization of Buffalo Oocytes: Effects of Storage of Ovaries, IVM Temperatures, Storage of Processed Sperm and Fertilization Media     

BM Ravindranatha  S Nandi  HM Raghu  SM Reddy 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(1):21-26

Studies were conducted to examine the possibility of preserving slaughterhouse‐derived buffalo ovaries at 4°C for 0 (control), 12 and 24 h to maintain the developmental competence of the oocytes (experiment 1), to assess the effect of incubation temperature during oocyte maturation on rates of in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of buffalo oocytes and embryo development (experiment 2), and to examine the effect of storage at 25°C for 0 (control), 4 and 8 h of frozen–thawed buffalo sperm and BO and H‐TALP as sperm processing and fertilization media on cleavage and embryo development in vitro of buffalo oocytes (experiment 3) in order to optimize the IVF technology in buffalo. Results suggested that storage of ovaries at 4°C for 12 or 24 h significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the developmental potential of oocytes. Incubation temperatures during the IVM influenced the fertilization rate but had no significant effect on maturation and subsequent embryo development. The incubation temperature of 38.5°C during IVM was found to be optimum for embryo production in vitro. Storage of frozen–thawed sperm at 25°C for 8 h significantly (p < 0.05) decreased its ability to cleave the oocytes. Sperm processed in BO medium had significantly (p < 0.05) higher ability to cleave the oocytes than the H‐TALP medium.  相似文献   

Efficacy of tinidazole for treatment of cats experimentally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus     

Gookin JL  Stauffer SH  Coccaro MR  Poore MF  Levy MG  Papich MG 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(10):1085-1088

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of tinidazole for treatment of cats with experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection. ANIMALS: 8 specific-pathogen-free kittens. PROCEDURES: Tinidazole was tested for activity against a feline isolate of T foetus in vitro. Kittens were infected orogastrically with the same isolate and treated or not with tinidazole (30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 14 days). Amoxicillin was administered 28 weeks after completion of tinidazole administration to induce diarrhea. Feces were repeatedly tested for T foetus by use of PCR assay and microbial culture for 33 weeks. RESULTS: Tinidazole killed T foetus at concentrations >or= 10 microg/mL in vitro. In experimentally induced infection, tinidazole administered at 30 mg/kg decreased T foetus below the limit of molecular detection in 2 of 4 cats. Recrudescent shedding of T foetus, as elicited by amoxicillin-induced diarrhea, was diminished in cats that received prior treatment with tinidazole. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although tinidazole decreased the detection of T foetus and treated cats were resistant to later efforts to incite the infection, inability of tinidazole to eradicate infection in many cats poses a serious impediment to the drug's effectiveness in practice.  相似文献   

AN IMPROVED CAPILLARY MERCURY VAPOR LAMP     

Hollaender A  Stauffer JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1933,78(2012):62-63

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Influence of Progesterone Withdrawal on Pregnancy-Related Parameters During Post-Implantation Early Pregnancy Loss     

AR Günzel-Apel  T Höftmann  S Nottorf  E Politt  A Meyer-Lindenberg  HO Hoppen  A Einspanier  HM Knijn  R Mischke 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):174-181

Pharmacologically-induced luteolysis or treatment with an antiprogestin in early post-implantation pregnancy in dogs results in asynchronous death and resorption of conceptuses, indicating variable rates of response of individual conceptuses towards progesterone deficiency. This variability also seems to occur in bitches showing pregnancy failure in response to spontaneous luteal deficiency. In a total of 10 beagle pregnancies (two consecutive pregnancies of five bitches), abortifacient treatments beginning on day 24 after ovulation (ov) involved either administration of a progestin antagonist (total of six pregnancies, in three bitches) or a luteolytic regimen of prostaglandin F_2α-analogue together with a dopamine agonist (total of four pregnancies, in two bitches). The outcomes were evaluated in relation to four control pregnancies in two bitches by assay of serum progesterone, prolactin and relaxin at selected time points or within selected time periods, by ultrasound of conceptuses including measurement of uterine blood flow, and parameters of the blood fibrinolytic system including plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen. The process of embryonic death and conceptus resorption was variable in onset and duration both in bitches that received the progesterone antagonist aglepristone (AGLE) and in those under the luteolytic treatment (cloprostenol combined with cabergoline). Pregnancy termination (death of all embryos or foetuses, respectively) occurred as early as day 29 and as late as day 41 after ov in AGLE-treated bitches, and not earlier than day 37 after ov in luteolytic-treatment bitches. Impending embryonic death was not predicted by changes in relaxin concentration, parameters of the fibrinolytic system, or in the perfusion of small uteroplacental vessels.  相似文献   

Therapeutic efficacy of topical hydrocortisone aceponate in experimental flea-allergy dermatitis in dogs   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

S Bonneau  V Skowronski  A Sanquer  L Maynard  HM Eun 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(7):287-291

Objective   To evaluate the treatment efficacy of a topical spray containing hydrocortisone aceponate (HCA) on dogs with flea-allergy dermatitis (FAD).
Design   A controlled clinical study was conducted on dogs with experimentally induced FAD. Sixteen laboratory beagles with mild to moderate clinical signs were divided into two groups. The test group received HCA by topical spray once daily for 7 days, while the control group did not. Pruritic events (time and frequency) were videotaped and then scored. Clinical signs (erythema, papules, excoriation and alopecia) present on four anatomical regions were monitored and their severity directly assessed.
Results   After 2 days, pruritus was reduced by 94% in the treatment group and by 24% in the control group (P = 0.014) in cumulative time, and by 86% versus 34% (P = 0.034) in frequency. The HCA spray also resulted in significant improvements in overall clinical signs: 23% versus 0% in the control group (P = 0.0006) on day 3 and 43% versus 15% in the control group (P = 0.0006) on day 7. During the 7-day trial, no drug-related adverse effects were observed.
Conclusions   Topical treatment with HCA showed a rapid and potent antipruritic effect on dogs with FAD. HCA also demonstrated significant overall therapeutic effects on FAD-associated skin lesions.  相似文献   

Expression and Activity of Steroid Sulphatase in the Boar Testis     

HM Mutembei  MP Kowalewski  B Ugele  G Schuler  B Hoffmann 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):17-23

Oestrogens are essential for male fertility targeting the testicular-epididymal compartment. However, the underlying mechanisms are only vaguely known and species specificities must be considered. The boar has a remarkably high testicular-oestrogen output, with the biologically inactive oestrone-sulphate being the major oestrogen occurring in the testicular vein. In the boar testis and epididymis, activity of steroid sulphatase (StS) and oestrogen sulphotransferase has been demonstrated. Thus apart from their synthesis in Leydig cells, provision of biologically active free oestrone seems also to depend on the activity and localization of these enzymes. Our aim was to establish expression patterns and activity of StS in boar testis. Testes were randomly collected from healthy boars and allotted to five age groups, five animals in each, aged 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 days. Three extra boars aged over 250 days were castrated to obtain fresh tissue for enzyme activity tests. Immunohistochemistry detected StS only in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells and – except for day-50 group in which 65.1 ± 4.9% (X ± SD) of the cells were positive – expression was constant with virtually all the cells staining positive. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization confirmed expression and localization of StS mRNA. The V _max and K _m value (X ± SD) for StS was 24.05 ± 0.3 fmol/s/μg protein and 2.15 ± 0.12 μ m . These data suggest that StS within the Leydig cells of the boar is involved in modulation of testicular oestrogen bioavailability and that the site of sulpho-conjugation is not the testis but a different compartment of the testes–epididymidis complex.  相似文献   

Impact of the Carpathians on the genetic structure of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus     

Eva Krascsenitsová  Milan Kozánek  Ján Ferenčík  Ladislav Roller  Christian Stauffer  Coralie Bertheau 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(4):669-676

The Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly 1,500 km long across Central and Eastern Europe. They are an important area for biodiversity and belong to one of the major refuges of the last ice ages for many organisms. The forests of the Carpathians are dominated by spruce, which have suffered continuous outbreaks of the eight spined spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, in recent decades. The phylogeography of this spruce pest is well documented, however, little is known on small scale, i.e., the Carpathians. Here we applied a mitochondrial marker and studied the genetic variation and structure of Carpathian populations and compared data with published one from other European populations. Twelve haplotypes were characterized and 42 % of those were not detected in other European populations. Despite a slight genetic structure, differences were observed in the haplotype distribution and diversity between the Western/Southern Carpathians and the Eastern Carpathians reflecting at least two potential refugial areas for I. typographus within the Carpathian mountain system. Further data show that the Eastern Beskidian Mountains of the Carpathians could act as barrier for several European haplotypes. This small-scale analysis reveals that the Carpathians have been an important glacial and post-glacial refuge for I. typographus. This information is important for a preventive and reactive forest management.  相似文献   

Complications associated with 696 tibial plateau leveling osteotomies (2001-2003)     

Stauffer KD  Tuttle TA  Elkins AD  Wehrenberg AP  Character BJ 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2006,42(1):44-50

A total of 696 tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) procedures were performed over a 30-month period following TPLO training. The overall complication rate was 18.8%. Complications were classified as perioperative (1%), short-term (9.3%), and long-term (8.5%). Examples of complications encountered during the study were hemorrhage, swelling at the incision site, premature staple removal by the dog, tibial tuberosity fracture, patella tendon swelling, and implant complications. Based on the rate of complications observed, clinical outcomes of TPLO procedures within 30 months of TPLO training were considered good.  相似文献