Impact of biochar on nutrient supply,crop yield and microbial respiration on sandy soils of northern Germany     

Christian Knoblauch  S.H. Renuka Priyadarshani  Stephan M. Haefele  Nicola Schröder  Eva-Maria Pfeiffer 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(4):1885-1901

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Control of seed-borne pathogens on legumes by microbial and other alternative seed treatments     

Federico Tinivella  Lucia M. Hirata  Mikael A. Celan  Sandra A. I. Wright  Tahsein Amein  Annegret Schmitt  Eckhard Koch  Jan M. van der Wolf  Steven P. C. Groot  Dietrich Stephan  Angelo Garibaldi  Maria Lodovica Gullino 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(2):139-151

Greenhouse trials were carried out in order to test the efficacy of different seed treatments as alternatives to chemicals against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum cause of anthracnose on bean and Ascochyta spp. cause of Ascochyta blights on pea, respectively. Resistance inducers, commercially formulated microorganisms, non-formulated selected strains of different microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and yeasts) and plant extracts were applied as dry or liquid seed treatments on naturally infested seeds. Seedling emergence and disease incidence and/or severity were recorded. Almost all seed treatments turned out to be ineffective in controlling the Ascochyta infections, which is in line with the literature stating that these pathogens are difficult to control. The only alternative treatments that gave some control of Ascochyta spp. were thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea. The resistance inducers tested successfully controlled infections of bean by C. lindemuthianum. Among the formulated microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis-based formulations provided the best protection from anthracnose. Some strains of Pseudomonas putida, a disease-suppressive, saprophytic strain of Fusarium oxysporum and the mustard powder-based product Tillecur also proved to be effective against bean anthracnose. However, among the resistance inducers as well as among the other groups, certain agents caused a significant reduction of plant emergence. Different alternative seed treatments can therefore be used for the control of C. lindemuthianum on bean, while on pea only thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea showed some effectiveness against Ascochyta spp.  相似文献   

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE NORMAL AND DISEASED FELINE MIDDLE EAR     

Ingrid  Allgoewer  DVM  Susanne  Lucas  DVM  Stephan Albert  Schmitz  MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(5):413-418

The magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the feline middle ear is described in three healthy cats and in five cats with middle ear disease. Owing to the good spatial resolution, multiplanar slice orientation as well as display high contrast resolution of soft tissue, in particular fluids, MR imaging was helpful prior to surgery. It is superior to radiography which failed to allow identification of the abnormality in two of our five cats. MR imaging for middle ear disease should include dorsal and transverse plane images using T1- and T2-weighted sequences. In the presence of a mass within the bulla or the external ear canal application of contrast medium is helpful.  相似文献   

Information Linkages in Local Economic Development     

Stephan Weiler  Eric Scorsone  Madeleine Pullman 《Growth and change》2000,31(3):367-384

Profitable private investments may be bypassed in struggling regions due precisely to such regions' isolation, leading to a self‐reinforcing cycle of marginalization. In many cases, development in such regions may be most effectively promoted by providing key information to the private and public sectors, thus addressing potentially significant market failures. In the case study project, the calculation of private and social returns have been particularly crucial in sparking both private investor interest and public support of this business venture. The project's example suggests an updated role for universities in the assistance of productive economic development programs.  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizae in a long-term field trial comparing low-input (organic, biological) and high-input (conventional) farming systems in a crop rotation     

P. Mäder  Stephan Edenhofer  Thomas Boller  Andres Wiemken  Urs Niggli 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(2):150-156

 Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization was studied in a long-term field trial in which four farming systems currently in use in Switzerland were continuously applied to a randomized set of plots at a single field site from 1978 till 1993. There were two low-input farming systems (organic and bio-dynamic) and two high-input (conventional) farming systems (according to Swiss guidelines of integrated plant production with and without farmyard manure). The systems had an identical 7-year crop rotation and tillage scheme and differed essentially only in the amount and type of fertilizer supplied and in plant protection management. The percentage of root colonization by AM fungi was determined in field samples 2–3 times over the growing season in crops in the rotation, namely in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sardona), vetch-rye and grass-clover. We found the percentage of root length colonized by AM fungi to be 30–60% higher (P≤0.05) in the plants grown in soils from the low-input farming systems than in those grown in conventionally farmed soils. Approximately 50% of the variation of AM root colonization was explained by chemical properties of the soils (pH, soluble P and K, exchangeable Mg), the effect of soluble soil P being most pronounced. The potential of the field soils from the differently managed plots to cause symbiosis with AM fungi was tested in a glasshouse experiment, using wheat as a host plant. Soils from the low-input farming systems had a greatly enhanced capacity to initiate AM symbiosis. The relative differences in this capacity remained similar when propagules of the AM fungus Glomus mosseae were experimentally added to the soils, although overall root colonization by AM fungi was 2.8 times higher. Received: 27 August 1999  相似文献   

Encephalomyelitis, reproductive failure and corneal opacity (blue eye) in pigs, associated with a paramyxovirus infection   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H A Stephan  G M Gay  T C Ramírez 《The Veterinary record》1988,122(1):6-10

A new clinicopathological disorder associated with a paramyxovirus infection in pigs is described. Central nervous system manifestations and corneal opacity are the main features in piglets two to 21 days old. Older pigs seem to be more resistant and only corneal opacity is commonly observed. In pregnant sows the virus appears to be responsible for reproductive disturbances such as stillbirth, mummification and a return to oestrus. The changes are mainly microscopic and characterised by a non-suppurative encephalomyelitis, interstitial pneumonia and anterior uveitis with corneal oedema. Experimental infection of one-day-old piglets with the virus reproduced clinical signs similar to those described in naturally infected piglets. The virus was recovered from the tonsils, lung and brain of the experimentally infected piglets between the fourth and 20th day after infection.  相似文献   

Comparison of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in healthy Beagle dogs during medetomidine–propofol constant rate infusions     

Carolina Meira  Fabiola B. Joerger  Annette P.N. Kutter  Andreas Waldmann  Simone K. Ringer  Stephan H. Böehm  Samuel Iff  Martina Mosing 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):145-157

Objective

To compare the efficacy of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in dogs on gas exchange, lung volumes, amount of leak during CPAP and rebreathing in case of equipment failure or disconnection.

Study design

Randomized, prospective, crossover, experimental trial.

Animals

Ten purpose-bred Beagle dogs.

Methods

Dogs were in dorsal recumbency during medetomidine–propofol constant rate infusions, breathing room air. Three interfaces were tested in each dog in a consecutive random order: custom-made mask (M), conical face mask (FM) and helmet (H). End-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) measured by electrical impedance tomography was assessed with no interface (baseline), with the interface only (No-CPAP for 3 minutes) and at 15 minutes of 7 cmH₂O CPAP (CPAP-delivery). PaO₂ was assessed at No-CPAP and CPAP-delivery, partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide (PICO₂; rebreathing assessment) at No-CPAP and the interface leak (ΔP_leak) at CPAP-delivery. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

During CPAP-delivery, all interfaces increased EELI by 7% (p < 0.001). Higher ΔP_leak was observed with M and H (9 cmH₂O) in comparison with FM (1 cmH₂O) (p < 0.001). At No-CPAP, less rebreathing occurred with M (0.5 kPa, 4 mmHg) than with FM (1.8 kPa, 14 mmHg) and with H (1.4 kPa, 11 mmHg), but also lower PaO₂ was measured with M (9.3 kPa, 70 mmHg) than with H (11.9 kPa, 90 mmHg) and FM (10.8 kPa, 81 mmHg).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

All three interfaces can be used to provide adequate CPAP in dogs. The leak during CPAP-delivery and the risk of rebreathing and hypoxaemia, when CPAP is not maintained, can be significant. Therefore, animals should always be supervised during administration of CPAP with any of the three interfaces. The performance of the custom-made M was not superior to the other interfaces.  相似文献   

Using airborne LiDAR to assess spatial heterogeneity in forest structure on Mount Kilimanjaro     

Stephan Getzin  Rico Fischer  Nikolai Knapp  Andreas Huth 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(9):1881-1894

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Untersuchungen zur Variabilität von Lophodermium pinastri     

B. R. Von Stephan 《Forest Pathology》1973,3(1):6-12

Studies of the variability of Lophodermium pinastri. I. Cultural Variants. Lophodermium pinastri is a variable fungus species. From its behaviour in artificial culture 3 constant, morphological main types are observed. These are described in detail. Observations on sectoring found and on reaction types between various fungus isolates are given.  相似文献   

Porf. Dr. Peter Shütt-On the Occasion on his 70th Birthday     

B. R. Stephan  H. -J. Schuck  O. Holdenrieder 《Forest Pathology》1996,26(4):169-170

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