Investigation of the presence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in the North Wales and West Midlands areas of the UK in 2007 to 2008 using scanning surveillance     

Snow LC  Wearing H  Stephenson B  Teale CJ  Coldham NG 《The Veterinary record》2011,169(25):656

Between November 5, 2007 and November 4, 2008, faecal samples from cattle and sheep submitted for diagnostic purposes to the Aberystwyth and Shrewsbury Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) (now AHVLA) regional laboratories (covering North Wales and the West Midlands) were screened for the presence of Escherichia coli that produces CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) using the selective medium CHROMagar CTX. Samples from 113 farms were tested and eight ESBL-positive farms identified. Of these, six farms were identified via submissions of cattle faeces and two from sheep. Gene sequencing revealed both group 1 and group 9 CTX-M enzymes corresponding to CTX-M-14, CTX-M-14B (group 9) and CTX-M-15/28 (group 1). Analysis of these isolates by nanoarray revealed that some were carrying a range of virulence genes including ireA, iroN and prfB, which have been associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E coli, and were multidrug resistant. Geographical analysis with choropleth maps suggested that these CTX-M genes are relatively widespread in the North Wales and West Midlands study area. This work was carried out concurrently with the running of a VLA ESBL surveillance system, which has subsequently identified many more CTX-M positive farms in the UK.  相似文献   

secretion of the major progesterone-induced proteins of the sheep uterus by caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium of the pregnant ewe from days 20–140 of gestation     

D. C. Stephenson  M. V. Leslie  B. G. Low  G. R. Newton  P. J. Hansen  F. W. Bazer 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1989,6(4):349-362

An experiment was performed to evaluate the types and quantity of proteins secreted by intercaruncular endometrium at days 20, 60, 100 and 140 of gestation and caruncular endometrium from days 100 and 140 of gestation. Tissues were obtained from ewes made unilaterally pregnant. Based on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the major proteins present in uterine fluid at days 60–140 of gestation were the uterine milk proteins (UTM-proteins), a pair of structurally-related, progesterone-induced polypeptides with molecular weights of 55,000 and 57,000. These proteins were also present in uterine fluid at day 20, but the major protein at this time migrated coincident with albumin. Cultured explants of endometrium at all days of pregnancy produced UTM-proteins as their major radiolabelled product for both caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium. The amount of protein secretion in vitro was greater (P<.04) for intercaruncular endometrium than for caruncular endometrium but was not significantly affected by stage of gestation or local presence of the conceptus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that UTM-proteins were present in glandular and luminal epithelium of intercaruncular endometrium and in both epithelial and stromal elements of caruncular endometrium. It was concluded that the UTM-proteins are produced earlier than previously described (i.e., day 20). In addition, caruncles contribute to the uterine secretory protein milieu through the secretion of proteins that are similar to that produced by the glandular intercaruncular epithelium.  相似文献   

Response to Letter to the Editor: Do we have to redefine lameness in the era of quantitative gait analysis          下载免费PDF全文

S. Adair  M. Baus  J. Belknap  R. Bell  M. Boero  C. Bussy  F. Cardenas  T. Casey  J. Castro  W. Davis  M. Erskine  R. Farr  T. Fischer  B. Forbes  T. Ford  R. Genovese  R. Gottschalk  M. Hoge  C. Honnas  G. Hunter  J. Joyce  A. Kaneps  K. Keegan  J. Kramer  C. Lischer  J. Marshall  M. Oosterlinck  P. Radue  R. Redding  S. K. Reed  M. Rick  E. Santschi  M. Schoonover  M. Schramme  John Schumacher  R. Stephenson  R. Thaler  J. Vedding Neilsen  D. A. Wilson 《Equine veterinary journal》2018,50(3):415-417

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The science of 2,4,5-T and associated phenoxy herbicides: R. W. Bovey and A. L. Young,Wiley, New York, 1980. 462 pp. $37.50     

G.R. Stephenson 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1980,14(2):218-219

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Photocopying a no-no     

Stephenson M 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1998,39(5):261

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Influence of herbicide-resistant canola on the environmental impact of weed management     

Brimner TA  Gallivan GJ  Stephenson GR 《Pest management science》2005,61(1):47-52

The growth of herbicide-resistant canola varieties increased from 10% of the canola area in Canada in 1996, when the technology was first introduced, to 80% in 2000. From 1995 to 2000, the amount of herbicide active ingredient applied per hectare of canola declined by 42.8% and the Environmental Impact (EI) per hectare, calculated using the Environmental Impact Quotient for individual herbicides and the amounts of active ingredients applied, declined 36.8%. The amount of herbicide active ingredient per hectare applied to conventional canola was consistently higher than that applied to herbicide-resistant canola each year between 1996 and 2000. Similarly, the EI of herbicide use per hectare in conventional canola was higher than that of herbicide-resistant canola during the same time period. Since 1996, herbicide use has shifted from broadcast applications of soil-active herbicides to post-emergence applications of herbicides with broad-spectrum foliar activity. The decline in herbicide use and EI since the introduction of herbicide-resistant varieties was due to increased use of chemicals with lower application rates, a reduced number of applications and a decreased need for herbicide combinations.  相似文献   

Urogenital infection and seminal excretion after inoculation of bulls and rams with chlamydiae.     

J Storz  E J Carroll  E H Stephenson  L Ball  A K Eugster 《American journal of veterinary research》1976,37(5):517-520

Five mature rams and 4 bulls were inoculated parenterally with bovine or ovine chlamydial strains of type 1 and 2. One to 3 days later, all animals developed a chlamydemia lasting 4 to 8 days. Chlamydial agents were isolated from the semen near the end of the chlamydemic phase. All rams and 3 of 4 inoculated bulls excreted chlamydiae in the semen for 22 to 29 days. From 8 to 39 days after inoculation, selected rams or bulls were killed to test for chlamydial infection in the urogenital tract and other organs. Chlamydiae were isolated in developing chicken embryos from testis, epididymis, and accessory sex glands. Bulls examined 29 and 39 days after inoculation did not harbor chlamydiae. Chlamydiae were also not isolated from 3 control bulls which were from the same herd as the principal bulls. All inoculated bulls and rams had a group-specific chlamydial antibody response within 7 days. The titers reached maximal levels of 128 to 512 at 14 days after inoculation. Subsequently, the antibody titers decreased gradually. Seminal plasma collected at different times after animals were inoculated did not fix complement in the presence of chlamydial group antigen. The number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the semen increased during the experiment. The semen was grossly purulent in 2 rams inoculated with the type 2 chlamydial strain of polyarthritis.  相似文献   

Apical tooth root abscesses in horses     

Stephenson RS 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(6):184

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Sexual Precocity of Nellore Bulls that are Offspring of Super Precocious,Precocious and Normal Cows in Extensive Farming Conditions     

JB Siqueira  E Oba  RO Pinho  SEF Guimarães  TM Neto  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):851-857

The objective of this work was to verify that mothers classified as super precocious (M1) and precocious (M2) produce more precocious bulls than females classified as normal (M3). This study included 21 186 animals with an average age of 21.29 ± 1.77 months that underwent a breeding soundness evaluation from 1999 to 2008. Of these animals, 2019, 6059 and 13 108 were offspring of M1, M2 and M3 females, respectively. In the breeding soundness examination, the animals were classified as sound for reproduction, sound under a natural mating regime, unsound for reproduction and discarded. To compare the averages obtained for each category of mother within the individual breeding soundness classes, a chi‐square test with a 5% error probability was used, considering the effects of year and month of birth and farm. For the three classes of mothers (M1, M2 and M3), 67.26, 67.22 and 64.16% of bull calves were considered sound for reproduction and 19.71, 19.46 and 21.90% were considered unsound for reproduction, respectively. There was no difference in the frequency of animals that were sound for reproduction under the natural breeding regime between the three classes of mothers (8.87, 9.31 and 9.19%, respectively). There was a difference between the numbers of precocious and normal females that were discarded, with frequencies of 4.01 and 4.75%, respectively (p < 0.05). There were differences in year and month of birth and farm between super precocious and precocious cows in relation to the breeding soundness classification of the animals. It was concluded that the bull offspring of super precocious and precocious cows presented a higher percentage of approval in the breeding soundness examination than the bull offspring of normal cows, demonstrating that the selection for precocity of females has contributed to an increase in the sexual precocity of the herd in relation to the sexual maturity of bulls.  相似文献   

Quarks with unit charge: a search for anomalous hydrogen     

Muller RA  Alvarez LW  Holley WR  Stephenson EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4289):521-523

Quarks of charge +1 and other anomalous hydrogen have been sought by using the 88-inch cyclotron at Berkeley as a high-energy mass spectrometer, with natural hydrogen and deuterium as the sources of ions. No quarks were observed, and limits were placed on their ratio to protons on the earth that vary from < 2 x 10(-19)for high masses (3 to 8.2 atomic mass units) to 10(-13) for the lowest masses (< (1/3) atomic mass unit).  相似文献