Evaluation of ruminal motility using an indwelling 3-axis accelerometer in the reticulum in cattle     

Woojae CHOI  Younghye RO  Leegon HONG  Sunmin AHN  Heejin KIM  Changhyuk CHOI  Hakseung KIM  Danil KIM 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(12):1750

Attempts to increase production and improve farm environments have been made for several years. Rumen motility (RM) is one of the biological parameters that provides essential information of individuals in ruminants, and it is usually evaluated by auscultation. The study was aimed to examine RM using the 3-axis accelerometer (3XA) in cattle. The manufactured 3XA were placed in the reticulum (3XA-R) and implanted in the subcutaneous layer of the brisket (3XA-SC), respectively, and the accelerations were compared following intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or saline in experiment 1 and of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or atropine (0.04 mg/kg) in experiment 2. In experiment 3, the dose-dependent decrease of RM was evaluated following xylazine administration (0, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg) in the 3XA-R equipped cows via a 3 × 3 Latin square method. In experiment 1, saline-treated animals showed a continuous fluctuation while the frequency and amplitude of 3XA-R in xylazine-injected cows were reduced after administration. The acceleration of 3XA-SC was changed after administration, but not abruptly. Among the motion parameters, V2 was calculated only using X- and Z-axis acceleration in consideration of the cylindrical shape, and it showed the apparent difference between pre- and post-xylazine administration. In experiment 2, the V2 of 3XA-R was decreased after atropine administration while that of 3XA-SC was maintained. In experiment 3, a dose-dependent V2 decrement of 3XA-R after xylazine administration was observed and lasted for 40 and 80 min in doses of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, The 3XA detected the decrease in RM efficiently and processed the data wirelessly without interference from body movement. This technology will help detect problems early and prevent a decline in cattle productivity.  相似文献   

The equine immune response to Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus during uterine infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Causey RC  Weber JA  Emmans EE  Stephenson LA  Homola AD  Knapp KR  Crowley IF  Pelletier DC  Wooley NA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,172(2):248-257

The purpose of this study was to describe strain-specific immune responses to Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) during uterine infection in horses. Five isolates of S. zooepidemicus were differentiated into four strains antigenically by bactericidal testing in blood of 12 horses, and genetically by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Eight healthy mares were then divided into two groups, each inoculated with one strain intrauterinely on three successive oestrous cycles followed by a second strain for three successive cycles, first and second strains being reversed for each group. Immune responses to both strains were assessed by bactericidal testing and immunoblotting over eight cycles. Both techniques indicated that immune responses to each strain arose at different times. Immunoblots showed greater binding to the first inoculated strain than to the second (P < 0.05). These data confirm that immune responses to S. zooepidemicus during uterine infection are partly strain-specific.  相似文献   

Assessing disease risk at the wildlife–livestock interface: A study of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep     

Deana L. Clifford  Brant A. Schumaker  Thomas R. Stephenson  Vernon C. Bleich  Maya L. Cahn  Ben J. Gonzales  Walter M. Boyce  Jonna A.K. Mazet   《Biological conservation》2009,142(11):2559-2568

Despite evidence that domestic sheep diseases threaten the persistence of bighorn sheep populations, the economic consequences of restricting domestic sheep grazing has polarized the debate, with some arguing that disease risk posed by domestic sheep has been exaggerated and grazing restrictions should be eased. We constructed a model to assess how different management strategies (grazing allotment closures, grazing time reductions, and reduced probability of stray domestic sheep) affect the risk of respiratory disease transmission from domestic sheep to endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, and to predict population-level impacts of an outbreak. Even when management strategies reduced risk of interspecies contact to less than 2% per year, our model predicted a 50% probability of a catastrophic respiratory disease outbreak during the next 10 bighorn sheep generations. If an outbreak occurs in the near future, the model predicts that the smallest Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep population would have a 33% probability of quasi-extinction. To eliminate all risk of contact and potential disease transmission, domestic sheep cannot be grazed on allotments that overlap with areas utilized by Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. Where wildlife and domestic animal populations share limited habitat, and there is documented evidence of a substantial disease threat and extinction risk, stakeholders must recognize that the only way to eliminate contact and risk of disease transmission is to give priority to one species or the other. If conservation is the priority, difficult decisions will need to be made to balance trade-offs between economic livelihoods and species conservation.  相似文献   

Screening for dilated cardiomyopathy in great danes in the United kingdom     

HM Stephenson  S Fonfara  J López-Alvarez  P Cripps  J Dukes-McEwan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(5):1140-1147

  相似文献   

MCPA (4-Chloro-2-ethylphenoxyacetate) resistance in hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.)     

Weinberg T  Stephenson GR  McLean MD  Hall JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(24):9126-9134

The physiological basis for MCPA resistance in a hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) biotype, obtained from a MCPA-resistant field population, was investigated. Dose-response studies revealed that the resistance factor for MCPA, based on GR50 comparisons of total dry weight of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) plants, was 3.3. Resistance factors for fluroxypyr, dicamba, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and chlorsulfuron were 8.2, 1.7, 1.6, 0.7, and 0.6, respectively. MCPA resistance was not due to differences in absorption, because both R and S biotypes absorbed 54% of applied [14C]MCPA 72 h after treatment. However, R plants exported less (45 vs 58% S) recovered 14C out of treated leaves to the apical meristem (6 vs 13% S) and root (32 vs 38% S). In both biotypes, approximately 20% of the 14C recovered in planta was detected as MCPA metabolites. However, less of the 14C recovered in the roots of R plants was MCPA. Therefore, two different mechanisms protect R hemp-nettle from MCPA phytotoxicity: a lower rate of MCPA translocation and a higher rate of MCPA metabolism in the roots. In support of these results, genetic studies indicated that the inheritance of MCPA resistance is governed by at least two nuclear genes with additive effects.  相似文献   

Effect of proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy (PAUL) on frontal plane thoracic limb alignment: An ex vivo canine study     

Alexandra Amadio DMV  Kayla M. Corriveau DVM  DACVS  Bo Norby CVM  MPVM  PhD  Timothy R. Stephenson BS  W. Brian Saunders DVM  PhD  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(7):1437-1448

  相似文献   

Peptides enhance magnesium signature in calcite: insights into origins of vital effects     

Stephenson AE  DeYoreo JJ  Wu L  Wu KJ  Hoyer J  Dove PM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5902):724-727

Studies relating the magnesium (Mg) content of calcified skeletons to temperature often report unexplained deviations from the signature expected for inorganically grown calcite. These "vital effects" are believed to have biological origins, but mechanistic bases for measured offsets remain unclear. We show that a simple hydrophilic peptide, with the same carboxyl-rich character as that of macromolecules isolated from sites of calcification, increases calcite Mg content by up to 3 mole percent. Comparisons to previous studies correlating Mg content of carbonate minerals with temperature show that the Mg enhancement due to peptides results in offsets equivalent to 7 degrees to 14 degrees C. The insights also provide a physical basis for anecdotal evidence that organic chemistry modulates the mineralization of inorganic carbonates and suggest an approach to tuning impurity levels in controlled materials synthesis.  相似文献   

Clearer views for astronomy     

Stephenson CB  Steffey PC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,153(3739):934-936

  相似文献   

Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison     

Shapiro B  Drummond AJ  Rambaut A  Wilson MC  Matheus PE  Sher AV  Pybus OG  Gilbert MT  Barnes I  Binladen J  Willerslev E  Hansen AJ  Baryshnikov GF  Burns JA  Davydov S  Driver JC  Froese DG  Harington CR  Keddie G  Kosintsev P  Kunz ML  Martin LD  Stephenson RO  Storer J  Tedford R  Zimov S  Cooper A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5701):1561-1565

The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.  相似文献   

Recovery of Salmonella from shell eggs.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P Stephenson  F B Satchell  G Allen  W H Andrews 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1991,74(5):821-826

A preenrichment procedure and a direct selective enrichment procedure were compared for recovery of Salmonella artificially inoculated into liquid whole egg, egg yolk, and egg albumen. For liquid whole egg and egg yolk, the 2 procedures were comparable. With egg albumen, however, preenrichment in lactose broth gave significantly higher recoveries than did direct selective enrichment in either selenite cystine or tetrathlonate broths. The lactose preenrichment procedure was used to determine the survival of S. enteritidis in egg yolk and egg albumen over a period of 7 days. As shown by most probably number determinations, counts of S. enteritidis inoculated into egg albumen decreased by 3 log units, whereas those in egg yolk did not change significantly. It is recommended, therefore, that only the egg yolk be examined for this pathogen. In a comparison of 5 different preenrichment media (lactose broth, brain heart infusion broth, trypticase soy broth, buffered peptone water, and nutrient broth), lactose broth was somewhat less productive than the other 4 media for the recovery of Salmonella from egg yolks. Trypticase soy broth gave the highest recovery.  相似文献