Mild infectious laryngotracheitis in broilers in the southeast     

Sellers HS  García M  Glisson JR  Brown TP  Sander JS  Guy JS 《Avian diseases》2004,48(2):430-436

During 2001, a mild infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection occurred in broiler flocks in the southeastern United States. Clinical signs included mild tracheitis, swollen sinuses, and conjunctivitis, with no increased mortality and minimal serologic response. Infrequent intranuclear inclusion bodies with or without syncytial cell formation were observed in eyelid, trachea, and larynx and in the chorioallantoic membrane of infected embryos. Immunohistochemistry and a nested infectious laryngotracheitis polymerase chain reaction (ILT PCR) were utilized to confirm the presence of ILTV nucleic acid in fixed tissues. In addition, 2-wk-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) birds inoculated with field material exhibited the mild signs observed in broilers in the field. Tracheal swabs and tissues taken from these SPF birds were also positive by nested ILT PCR. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ILT PCR products indicated that ILT virus associated with mild respiratory disease in the southeast is related to the chicken embryo origin vaccine type strains.  相似文献   

Comparative efficacy of enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfadimethoxine for the control of morbidity and mortality caused by Escherichia coli in broiler chickens     

Glisson JR  Hofacre CL  Mathis GF 《Avian diseases》2004,48(3):658-662

The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfadimethoxine to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by Escherichia coli (colibacillosis) in broiler chickens. The chickens were raised in 80 pens (20 birds per pen) with 20 pens representing each treatment group under simulated commercial conditions that produced a colibacillosis challenge scenario. Each group of 20 randomized pens (replicates) was given one of four water treatments. Chickens that received enrofloxacin had significantly less mortality (P < 0.01), lower average gross pathology (colibacillosis) scores (P < 0.01), and better feed-conversion ratios (P < 0.05) than did chickens that received either oxytetracycline or no medication. Chickens that received enrofloxacin had significantly less mortality and lower pathology scores than those that received sulfadimethoxine and numerically lower feed conversion than the sulfadimethoxine group. Results from the present study show that enrofloxacin is superior to oxytetracycline and sulfadimethoxine for the control of morbidity and mortality caused by E. coli in broiler chickens. Our findings will help veterinarians choose and prescribe the most efficacious antimicrobial when treating colibacillosis.  相似文献   

The selenium status of dairy herds in Prince Edward Island          下载免费PDF全文

Wichtel JJ  Keefe GP  Van Leeuwen JA  Spangler E  McNiven MA  Ogilvie TH 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2004,45(2):124-132

Bulk tank milk selenium (Se) concentration was compared with mean serum Se concentration in 15 herds and was found to be an accurate reflection of the herd Se status. The Se status of 109 Prince Edward Island (PEI) dairy herds was monitored for 1 year using bulk tank milk Se concentration. Fifty-nine percent of the herds surveyed were, at some point, found to be marginal or deficient in Se, putting them at risk of disease and suboptimal production. The periods of greatest risk of deficiency were fall and winter, at which time 5% and 4%, respectively, of herds sampled fell in the range considered truly deficient in Se. Herds in which Se supplementation was provided in the form of a commercial dairy concentrate were over 4 times more likely to be Se-adequate than herds not using this method, and adjusted average daily milk yield was 7.6% greater in herds determined to be Se-adequate when compared with Se-marginal herds. We conclude that many dairy producers in PEI are providing insufficient supplementary Se in the ration to meet the recommended Se intake for lactating cows.  相似文献   

Investigation of faecal pathogens in a flock of mute swans (Cygnus olor)     

Watabe M  Sekizuka T  Millar BC  Rooney PJ  Moore JE  Matsuda M  Xiao L  Lowery CJ  Dooley JS  Rao JR 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(9):279-280

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Progressive blindness in greyhounds     

Allen FD  Errington JB  Prescott G 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(19):607

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Searching the literature     

Cooper JE 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(12):375

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Reactivating the Veterinary Deer Society     

Fletcher J 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(7):216

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A mechanical comparison of 4.5 mm narrow and 3.5 mm broad plating systems for stabilization of gapped fracture models     

Silbernagel JT  Johnson AL  Pijanowski GJ  Ehrhart N  Schaeffer DJ 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(2):173-179

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of 4.5 narrow and 3.5 broad plating systems using their respective cortical and cancellous screws in unstable, central, and eccentric gap fracture models. STUDY DESIGN: Mechanical evaluation and comparison of 2 dynamic compression plate (DCP) systems. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eighteen cortical and 30 cancellous gapped fracture models. METHODS: DCP (4.5 mm narrow, 3.5 mm broad) with their respective cortical screws were applied to cortical bone density polyurethane foam blocks to construct center gap cortical fracture models that were tested in gap closing monotonic 4-point bending. DCP (4.5 mm narrow, 3.5 mm broad) with their respective cancellous screws were applied to cancellous bone density polyurethane foam blocks to construct eccentric gap cancellous fracture models. The cancellous constructs were tested in monotonic gap opening and gap closing cantilever bending and in cyclic axial loading. Univariate and multivariate repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the maximum loads at failure of the 4.5 mm constructs and 3.5 mm constructs. RESULTS: The 4.5 mm narrow plating system withstood significantly higher loads at failure than the 3.5 mm broad plating system in 4-point bending (P<.0001) and gap opening cantilever bending (P<.0001). The 4.5 mm system failed in gap closing cantilever bending by plastic deformation of the plate, whereas the 3.5 mm system failed by screw pullout. There was no difference between the 2 systems in cyclic axial loading. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the 4.5 mm narrow plating system has a mechanical advantage over the 3.5 mm broad plating system for stabilization of gapped fracture models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The 4.5 mm narrow plating system may be mechanically advantageous compared with the 3.5 mm broad plating system for stabilizing unreconstructed comminuted long bone fractures in large dogs.  相似文献   

Intraosseous gentamicin perfusion of the distal metacarpus in standing horses     

Mattson S  Bouré L  Pearce S  Hurtig M  Burger J  Black W 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(2):180-186

OBJECTIVE: To report tissue gentamicin concentrations after intraosseous (IO) perfusion in standing horses. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Twelve horses. METHODS: Sedated horses had a cannulated cortical bone screw inserted into the dorsolateral aspect of the treated metacarpus and a tourniquet applied proximally. Gentamicin (2.2 mg/kg) diluted in sterile saline solution (0.1 mL/kg) was infused through the screw. Two horses were euthanatized at each time interval: 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours. Synovial fluid and bone samples were collected distal to the screw from both forelimbs. Gentamicin concentrations were measured using fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS: The highest synovial fluid gentamicin concentrations were 385+/-273 microg/mL (mean+/-SD) in the metacarpophalangeal joint, 225+/-205 microg/mL in the proximal interphalangeal joint, 215+/-205 microg/mL in the distal interphalangeal joint, 382+/-195 microg/mL in the digital flexor tendon sheath, and 206+/-161 microg/mL in the navicular bursa. The highest bone concentrations of gentamicin were 55+/-30 microg/g in the distal metacarpus, 34+/-27 microg/g in the proximal, 16+/-15 microg/g in the middle, and 16+/-2.2 microg/g in the distal phalanges, and 27+/-17 microg/g in the proximal and 24+/-11 microg/g in the distal sesamoid bones. CONCLUSION: Standing IO perfusion of gentamicin resulted in local antibiotic concentrations in the synovial structures and bones of the distal aspect of the limb that exceed the reported minimum inhibitory concentration of pathogens commonly implicated in equine orthopedic infections. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Standing IO perfusion of gentamicin in the distal aspect of the limb should be considered for treatment of orthopedic infections of this region in horses.  相似文献   

A biomechanical comparison of headless tapered variable pitch compression and ao cortical bone screws for fixation of a simulated midbody transverse fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone in horses     

Eddy AL  Galuppo LD  Stover SM  Taylor KT  Jensen DG 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(3):253-262

OBJECTIVE: To compare mechanical properties and failure characteristics of 2 methods of fixation for repair of a transverse, midbody fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone (PSB): 4.5-mm AO cortical bone screw (AO) placed in lag fashion and 4/5-mm Acutrak (AT) self-compressing screw. STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro biomechanical evaluation of intact forelimb preparations and forelimb preparations with a simulated midbody PSB fracture stabilized by a bone screw. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixteen paired and 8 unilateral cadaveric equine forelimbs. METHODS: A midbody transverse osteotomy was created in the medial PSB of bilateral forelimbs of 8 equine cadavers. The osteotomized PSB in 1 forelimb from each cadaver was repaired with an AO screw. The osteotomized PSB in each contralateral limb was repaired with an AT screw. Eight unilateral intact control limbs were also studied. Mechanical properties were determined from axial compression, single cycle to failure, load-deformation curves. Failure characteristics were determined by evaluation of video images and radiographs. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between repair groups. Both AO and AT groups had significantly lower mechanical properties than intact limbs except for stiffness. CONCLUSION: AO and AT constructs were mechanically comparable when used to stabilize a simulated midbody fracture of the medial PSB. Both constructs were mechanically inferior to intact limbs. Clinical Relevance- The AT screw should be considered for clinical use because of the potential for less soft tissue impingement and superior biocompatibility compared with the stainless-steel AO screw. However, postoperative external coaptation is necessary to augment initial fracture stability for either fixation method, and to maintain a standing metacarpophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle between 150 degrees and 155 degrees.  相似文献